2021 Brazilian protests

On January 5, 2021, President of the Republic Jair Bolsonaro, meeting with supporters, reportedly affirmed that “the country is broken” and “I can't do anything about it”. He also attacked the press, affirming that it “gave power to the [corona]virus”.[14] There were many specialists talking about it the next day, and Bolsonaro said, in a tone of irony, that the country “is well, its a marvel”, and that the press made a “terrible wave” of his affirmation.[15][16][17] While Bolsonaro's opposition claims he is “playing with the country”,[18] his supporters claim he was talking about the federal income tax exemption ceiling, that he can not increase it because of the tax cuts to fight COVID-19.[19]

On January, the State of Amazonas underwent a health crisis due to a shortage of oxygen supplies and with hospitals filled to capacity. On January 18, the Attorney General of the Union (AGU) told the Federal Supreme Court that the government knew about the possibility of the oxygen crisis in the state, and that one of the measures by the Union was delivering to the state 120,000 tablets of hydroxychloroquine, a drug with disputed efficacy for COVID-19. Even with the start of vaccination against COVID-19 on January 18, the president again insisted on early treatment.[20][21] The AGU also said, however, that the Health Ministry only knew about the oxygen depletion on January 8.[22]

On June 23, Federal Deputy Luís Miranda (DEM-DF) denounced a corruption scandal involving Covaxin's buy contract by Bolsonaro's government, in a live national transmission of CNN Brasil. He affirmed that he got the information with his brother, Ricardo.[23] The same day, a press conference at the Planalto Palace was organized, aired live by TV Brasil, where the Federal Government confronted Miranda's claims,[24] and Bolsonaro affirms that it was all a typo.[25] The scandal was named “Covaxingate” by some press corporations.[26][27][28] Precisa Medicamentos’ owner (the company that intermediated Covaxin's contract), Francisco Emerson Maximiano, sent to the COVID-19 CPI a letter that, according to CNN Brasil itself, “deny brothers”,[29] while Bharat Biotech said Brazil bought Covaxin by the same price as other countries[30][31] with better purchasing conditions, denying any overpricing.[32][33]

On June 29, the Brazilian journal Folha de S.Paulo published an interview with Luiz Paulo Dominguetti Pereira, a Davati Medical Supply's representative. Luiz Pereira said that, on February 25, he met with Roberto Ferreira Dias, Logistics Director at the Health Ministry, in Brasília Shopping, to negotiate 400 million doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. According to VEJA's reporting on the interview, “To make up such 'group', said the representative of Davati Supply, the representative of the Ministry of Health would have stated that it would be necessary to "add 1 dollar" per dose of vaccine, for bribes. [...] He claims that he refused the request for a bribe. After the case, he would have had contact with the representative of the Ministry of Health on other occasions, but the agreement did not go forward”.[34] However, Davati said Dominguetti Pereira is neither a company's representative nor an employee,[35] and AstraZeneca denied having any intermediaries in Brazil, or negotiating with the private market, state governments and municipalities.[36][37][38]

Since 2014, Brazil has been in an economic crisis, caused mainly by a political crisis that culminated in the impeachment of then-President Dilma Rousseff, but also by the 2014 commodity price shock, which had a negative impact on exports. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns exacerbated the situation: the GDP of Brazil decreased by 4.1% in 2020,[39] while 18 million fell into poverty, making poverty triple in one year.[40] Unemployment reached 36.6 million, equivalent to one Canada unemployed.[41] In a period of 15 days during the pandemic, 522,000 businesses went bankrupt.[42]

On March 14, 2019, the then-Supreme Federal Court president, Minister Dias Toffoli, opened an inquiry (Inquiry n. 4781) to investigate fake news against the Court's members, indicating Minister Alexandre de Moraes as rapporteur.[43] The inquiry was labeled ‘inquisitorial’,[44] ‘unconstitutional’[44][45] and ‘illegal’.[46] The Prosecutor General of the Republic (PGR) asked the STF, in May 2020, to archive the case,[47] but this did not happen.[48]

On April 12, 2019 (effective April 15), Moraes censored Revista Crusoé's article about Dias Toffoli, based on documents obtained by Operation Car Wash, where, on July 13, 2007, Marcelo Odebrecht asked to Adriano Maia and Irineu Meireles, via message, if they reached an agreement about Madeira River's hydroelectric plants with “the friend of my father's friend”. The Operation asked to Odebrecht about these messages, and Odebrecht answered:

It refers to discussions that Adriano Maia had with the AGU on issues involving the hydroelectric dams of the Madeira River. ‘Friend of my father's friend’ refers to José Antônio Dias Toffoli. The nature and content of these discussions, however, can only be properly clarified by Adriano Maia, who led them.[49]

Moraes, the next day after the reporting was published, censored the reporting, affirming that there was a “clear abuse at the content of the reporting”.[50] The decision was widely criticized by the Brazilian press, being labeled by it unconstitutional,[51] and by the Order of Attorneys of Brazil,[52] and the censorship heated discussions about the creation of a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry to investigate the Superior Tribunals (STF, Superior Tribunal of Justice - STJ, Superior Military Tribunal - STM, Superior Electoral Court - TSE and Superior Labor Court - TST), often called the “Lava Toga CPI”.[53][54] Even STF ministers, such as Marco Aurélio Mello[55] and Celso de Mello,[56] criticized Moraes’ decision. Moraes later revoked his order.[57]

On February 16, 2021, Moraes arrested Federal Deputy Daniel Silveira, for unbailable crime, based on the Fake News inquiry,[58] after he criticized the STF, decision unanimously confirmed by the Court[59] and later approved by the Chamber of Deputies.[60] The decision was labeled unconstitutional by jurists Dircêo Torrecillas Ramos and Matheus Falivene.[61]

On November 7, 2019, the STF, by 6 votes against 5, vetoed second instance arrest, affirming that someone may only be arrested after the res judicata. The decision paved the way to former president Luís Inácio Lula da Silva be free, and 5,000 others.[62] STF's critics claimed the Court “finished with second instance arrest”.[63] The day after, Lula was released.[64] At that time, a Real Time Institute research affirmed that 50% of the Brazilians disagreed with Lula's release, and 56% disagreed with the Court's decision.[65]

On March 8, 2021, Minister Edson Fachin nullified Lula's sentences on Operetion Car Wash,[66] decision soon criticized by many deputies.[67] The decision would be later confirmed by the STF plenary, in an 8x3 vote, defeated Ministers Nunes Marques, Marco Aurélio Mello and the Court's president, Luiz Fux.[68] According to a Paraná Pesquisas search, 57.5% of the Brazilians disagreed with the decision.[69] In parallel, on March 23, the 2nd Class of the STF formed a majority to declare then-Judge Sérgio Moro biased when judging Lula, after Lula-appointed Minister Cármen Lúcia reverted her vote, reverting the class’ 3x2 majority against Lula to a 3x2 majority in favor of Lula.[70] The decision was later confirmed by the Court, forming a majority on April 22 in Lula's favor. The plenary's judgment, however, was suspended, after Minister Marco Aurélio Mello asked more time to make an analysis. Minister President Luiz Fux, then, suspended rapidly the judgment, because Ministers Luís Roberto Barroso and Gilmar Mendes started a discussion. At that time, the vote was 7x2 in Lula's favor.[71] The judgement ended on June 23, after the votes of Marco Aurélio and Luiz Fux, both voting against, leading to a 7x4 vote in Lula's favor. At that time, Marco Aurélio said that Lula “was politically resurrected” by the Supreme Federal Court.[72]

As a result, the Court was widely criticized. Critics often said that the Supreme Federal Court was “tearing the Constitution”[73][74][75][76][77] or acting like it was the Constitution's owner, as described in a Gazeta do Povo editorial:

If politicians activate the Supreme Court so that ministers “draw” what they know is explicit in the Magna Carta, and if the ministers agree with pleasure in doing so, it is only because they feel they own the Constitution, hovering above it instead of judging themselves subject to the Greater Law.[78]

The Court was also labeled a “shame,[75] a “court of exception”,[79][80] “perfidious”,[81] reason for “juridical insecurity”,[82][83] a defender for impunity,[84] partial,[85] de facto legislator and censorior,[86] interferer into the other powers,[87] “apequenated”[88] and a threat to democracy.[89] According to a PoderData search, 42% of Brazilians disapprove the Court's work.[90]

On June 30, politicians of the left and of the right presented a “super request” for Bolsonaro's impeachment, in an event that included former government supporters Joice Hasselman and Kim Kataguiri, along with other socialist deputies. The “super request” was a compilation of over 120 other requests, and appointed 23 supposed responsibility crimes committed by Bolsonaro.[91] Pro-government deputies criticized the proposal. Federal Deputy Carlos Jordy, for example, said that the request

Is unfounded, doesn't have a single responsibility crime. And they seized on several issues that are raised by the extreme press, by a large part of the press, by the opposition, talking about alleged cases of corruption that there wasn't even an investigation to prove them.[92]

Hours after the request was presented, Chamber of Deputies’ President, Arthur Lira, rejected the proposal, affirming that “Impeachment, as a political action, we do not do it with discourse, we do it with materiality, which has not yet been proven”.[93] He also, ironically, criticized the COVID-19 CPI, affirming that it is “doing a great, really impartial, job”.[93][94]

In the midst of the political crisis, a profile called @sos_impeachment appeared on Twitter, with the objective of taking a voting score through positions. Until January 25, 2021, there were 111 votes in favor and 76 against the impeachment of Bolsonaro.[95] Taking advantage of the engagement, the Movimento Vem pra Rua, the Movimento Brasil Livre and the former candidate for president of the Republic for the Partido Novo, João Amoêdo, launched on January 21 a petition for Bolsonaro's impeachment. As of January 25, there have already been over 200 thousand subscriptions on the change.org platform.[96] During the months of April and May, the movements against Bolsonaro and for the Impeachment regained strength, starting to have pressure even from artists and digital influencers. Among the people who signed a collective request published on May 24, 2021, are former RecordTV presenter Xuxa Meneghel, sports commentator Walter Casagrande, the YouTuber and main government opponent Felipe Neto, the priest Júlio Lancelotti and the actress Júlia Lemmertz. In addition to being famous, doctors and scientists also signed the letter.[97] The requests also started to use the context of pro-government movements with threats of military or federal intervention to counter the restriction measures used by mayors and governors during the critical period of the Pandemic, including pro-government demonstrations held on May 15 in Brasília as part of the movement entitled March of the Christian Family for Freedom and on May 23 in Rio de Janeiro, with the presence of the former Minister of Health, Eduardo Pazuello , including one of the targets of the COVID-19 CPI and until then hadn't had given testimony.[98][99][100]

In a speech on Aug. 28, 2021, President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro said he only has "three alternatives for [his] future: to be arrested, to be killed, or to win".[101] In some speeches and invitations to the September 7 demonstrations, protesters promised to "expel China from the national territory"[102][103]and "take the Supreme Federal Court".[104][105][106] After speeches, and several arrests to avoid threats to democracy, the Federal Supreme Court (STF) ordered the security of the headquarters to be reinforced on the day of the demonstration.[107][108]

Some countries were concerned about the possibility of a clash between two political sides in the demonstrations on the 7th. The United States, through its Embassy in Brazil, requested the Americans on Brazilian soil to avoid leaving their homes during the 7th of September and that, should it be necessary to leave their homes, US citizens would avoid certain places that would be possible meeting points for protesters from both sides such as the Avenida Paulista in São Paulo, Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, Orla da Barra in Salvador and Farroupilha Park in Porto Alegre. These places are used by the opposition and government leaders for their protests on different days, which can cause complications if there is a meeting between the groups.[109][110] The embassy also recommended the use of "discreet" clothing and the use of an emergency application created by the United States for US citizens living abroad, thus allowing monitoring and assistance to the Americans if necessary in a possible conflict. The North American recommendation frightened other countries about the threat of civil conflicts on the day of the demonstration.[111][112]

Regarding the Chinese embassy in brasilia, the risk of a possible invasion was pointed out, based on "publications made by the digital militias of President Jair Bolsonaro".[103][102][113] The Military Police of the Federal District, at the request of the embassy, ​​reinforced police protection and took measures to control access. Before the protest, several attacks were carried out on Yang Wanming, ambassador of China.[114]

On that day, the first cacerolazo against the government took place in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Goiânia, Salvador, Florianópolis, São José dos Campos, Belém, Recife and Porto Alegre.[115][116] The acts began at 8:30 pm after a call on social networks using the slogan "No oxygen, no vaccine, no government ", having the support of some sectors of the left, right, center and some celebrities, being them the presenter Luciano Huck.[117][118]

In many Brazilian cities, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Maringá, Niterói, Goiânia, Porto Alegre, Vitória, João Pessoa, Salvador, Recife and Natal, were registered new cacerolazos, during the speech on the national network of President Jair Bolsonaro.[119][120] On that day, Brazil surpassed the mark of 3 thousand deaths by COVID-19 for the first time. According to the press, the cacerolazos were more popular than the last time, which was a reflection of the president's fall in popularity since the beginning of the year. Although the speech lasted 4 minutes, the protests lasted for more than 5 minutes.[121][122] The following day, the television program on the Rede Globo presented by Ana Maria Braga, the Mais Você, opened with a cacerolazo, demonstrating against Bolsonaro. The presenter said: "Each one gets the cacerolazo they deserve".[123]

During his speech, President Bolsonaro was the target of cacerolazos in several cities in the country, including the main capitals, such as São Paulo, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, among others. Protesters criticized the lack of measures taken by the federal government in the fight against COVID-19. The statement was made in the context of street demonstrations held on May 29 and the COVID-19 CPI in progress. The transmission also took place hours after the announcement of the forecast by the governor of São Paulo, João Doria (PSDB), that the entire adult population of his state will be vaccinated against COVID-19 until the end of October.[124][125]

Several Brazilian cities registered motorcades, bike rides and horns against the government, being organized by leftist sectors such as the Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), Central dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras do Brasil (CTB), Frente Brasil Popular, Povo sem Medo e o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, in addition to having the presence of sympathizers of political parties such as the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado (PSTU), Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT), Rede Sustentabilidade (REDE), Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL), Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCdoB), Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), Partido Verde (PV), Cidadania and Popular Unity (UP). In addition to the shouts and signs written "Fora Bolsonaro", the presence of Brazilian flags, social movements such as the LGBTQIA+ and banners in some homes were also recorded.[126][127][128] In all, 21 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District had acts against the government.[129]

Organized by the right-wing groups Movimento Brasil Livre and Movimento Vem pra Rua, acts were registered in some Brazilian cities against the government, also through caravans, motorcades and cycling tours. In several vehicles, there were posters asking for the departure of the president and the minister of health, in addition to the phrase "Brazilian Lives Matter" and various ironies regarding the use of chloroquine and the phrases said by Bolsonaro in meetings and quotes to his children Flávio Bolsonaro, Carlos Bolsonaro and Eduardo Bolsonaro.[130] In front of the Paulo Machado de Carvalho Municipal Stadium, a green and yellow banner with the phrase "Impeachment Já!" written on it was extended, The same one used in the Protests against the Dilma Rousseff government.[131][132]

New acts were registered in at least 56 Brazilian cities against the government, being organized by movements of the left and some of the right. In Brasilia, participants wore plastic bags on their faces to show suffocation, as a response to the oxygen crisis in Amazonas, in addition to participants consuming condensed milk, after the disclosure of a shopping list for the government on the 24th. There were also mobilizations abroad with the tag #StopBolsonaro.[133][134][135][136][137]

Despite the weakening of the requests for impeachment in the Chamber of Deputies, there were still caravans and motorcades in various different parts of the country asking for the president's removal, in addition to the resumption of vaccination in some cities and the return of emergency aid. The protests took place in 65 cities.[138][139][140]

Members of syndicalist unions and football clubs, together with leftist parties, announced protests in at least 85 cities, starting to adopt, in addition to demands such as the return of emergency aid at R$600.00, repudiation of denial, criticism of the encouragement of the use of drugs without proven efficacy against the new coronavirus and support for vaccination campaigns, agendas such ending the budget cuts for education, fighting police repression against the black population, using the context of the Massacre of Jacarezinho and the support for COVID-19 CPI, which investigates actions of Federal and local Governments during the pandemic, especially the use of drugs without proven efficacy against COVID-19 and the refusal to purchase vaccines.[141] According to the organizers, at least 213 cities had acts against the government, 128 more than announced,[1] and 420,000 demonstrators reportedly attended the protests.[142]

In Brasília, some demonstrators carried banners in support of the former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, as well as demands against governor Ibaneis Rocha (MDB). According to the organization, more than 30,000 people participated in the protests in the federal capital.[143] In Recife, there was repression by the Pernambuco Military Police against protesters, resulting in the Daniel Campelo case, where three people were injured and four were arrested. Among the wounded, there were two men who were not at the protest and were hit in the eyes, partially losing their sight.[144][145] During the repression, the local councilor, Liana Cirne, from PT, tried to negotiate with police officers who were in a vehicle, but was attacked with pepper spray. The governor of the state, Paulo Câmara, and his deputy, Luciana Santos said they did not authorize the use of force against the protesters.[146] A day earlier, the Public Ministry would have recommended the organizers to not hold protests in the region.[147] In São Paulo, the protests blocked the two lanes of the Avenida Paulista, occupying seven blocks, starting at the height of the São Paulo Art Museum (MASP). The demonstration ended with the dispersal of the participants in the Rua da Consolação, going towards the Praça Roosevelt. Although there was agglomeration, protocols such as the use of masks and social distancing were observed in some points, as well as in some cities, where there were acts organized in Indian lines. According to organizers, 80 thousand people would have attended the protest in São Paulo.[148][149] Artists from TV Globo such as Samantha Schmutz, Julia Lemmertz, Maria Ribeiro, Mônica Martelli, Ana Hikari, Renata Sorrah, Fernanda Lima, Guta Stresser, Luisa Arraes and Paulo Betti, in addition to the presenter of GNT Astrid Fontenelle and the writer Gregorio Duvivier were among the participants in the movements.[150][151] There were also international mobilizations in the cities of Berlin (Germany), London (United Kingdom), Lisbon (Portugal), Brussels (Belgium), Paris (France), Amsterdam (Netherlands) and Geneva (Switzerland).[152][153]

A second act took place on that date, also bringing together social movements.[154][155] According to the organization, more than 400 cities were expected to participate in the movement.[156] The presence of the ex- President Lula, the demonstration in São Paulo, which took place again on Avenida Paulista, a fact that had repercussions among organizations, in addition to the politician himself not confirming whether he would go, fearing to turn the protests into an electoral platform.[157]

The protests on June 19 were considered by organizers to be significantly larger than those on May 29, with 427 events taking place in 366 cities in all states, including the Federal District, and in all capitals across the country, attracting 750,000 people.[158] In the city of São Paulo, where the biggest demonstration of the day took place, about nine blocks of Avenida Paulista were occupied, which was blocked in both directions. During the demonstrations in São Paulo, there was a release of red balloons in honor of the victims of COVID-19, coinciding with the moment when the country registered 500 thousand deaths from the pandemic. In addition, there were reports of vandalism, with a small group raiding two banks, including a branch located at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, a bus stop was also raided, and a dumpster was set on fire.[159] According to the Popular Brazil Front and the People Without Fear front, around one hundred thousand demonstrators would have participated in the demonstration on São Paulo Avenue that day and, according to the Human Rights Commission of the OAB, the demonstration reached an extension of 1.8 km, from Rua da Consolação to Avenida Paulista.[160] In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the concentration began in the morning, at the statue of Zumbi dos Palmares, in Praça eleven. After concentration, the group walked to Presidente Vargas Avenue, occupying three lanes, in the direction of Candelária. Protesters also held a minute of silence in honor of the then 500,000 COVID-19 victims in the country.[161][162] In Recife, the protest ended with a symbolic hug on the bridges where workers were wounded in the repression of the military police against the May 29 demonstration.[163] In Brasília, Indians from various tribes also participated in the demonstrations, asking for the demarcation of indigenous lands.[164][165]

Abroad, the acts take place in eight cities in Germany, four cities in Argentina, one city in Austria (the capital Vienna), one city in Belgium (the capital Brussels), four cities in Canada, one city in Denmark (Aarhus), three cities in Spain, eight cities in United States, one city in Finland (the capital Helsinki), two cities in France, one city in Greece (the capital Athens), three cities in the Ireland, one city in Italy (Bologna), one city in the Netherlands (the capital Amsterdam), six cities in Portugal, three cities in United Kingdom, a city in Czech Republic (the capital Prague), a city in Sweden (the capital Stockholm), two cities in Switzerland, and a city in Venezuela (the capital Caracas). In all, 53 cities have confirmed acts, in addition to having taken place the day before in Washington and one scheduled to take place the following day in Rome.[166][167]

After the "Covaxingate" revelations of the Federal Deputy Luis Miranda (DEM-DF) and his brother Luis Ricardo Miranda on Friday (25th) the COVID-19 CPI found a scheme of overpricing in the acquisition of Covaxin vaccine doses, in the afternoon of the following day a group of protesters formed by the movement Esquerda Diário and the party Unidade Popular held a demonstration in São Paulo on Avenida Paulista, near the Museum of Arts (MASP), demanding the president's impeachment. According to the protesters, the protest was just a "warm up" for the demonstrations at the national level on the 3rd and 24 July[168] There were also events in Santa Catarina in at least four cities, as the protests did not take place in on June 19 due to heavy rains, in addition to serving as a response to the president's visit to Chapecó.[169]

At the same time, there were also demonstrations in ten states and the Federal District against PL 490, known as the "marco temporal", which limits the demarcation of indigenous lands.[170][171]

There was an act in Brasília with the objective of pressuring the President of the Chamber of Deputies Arthur Lira (PP-AL) to open one of Jair Bolsonaro's impeachment requests, in addition to marking the day for the delivery of the "super request", which is signed by the parties of opposition, federal deputies Joice Hasselmann (PSL-SP) and Alexandre Frota (PSDB-SP) and social movements.[172][173] Participating members included leftist movements such as the National Union of Students (UNE), Black Coalition for Rights, Popular Unity, Central Sindical e Popular Conlutas (CSP-Conlutas) and others, in addition to the president PT Gleisi Hoffmann and movements linked to the right such as the Free Brazil Movement and federal deputies Joice Hasselmann and Kim Kataguiri (DEM-SP).[174][175]

New demonstrations are organized for this day, both in more than 300 Brazilian cities and cities abroad, against the handling of the pandemic by President Bolsonaro and the alleged irregularities on the vaccination campaign. Union leader Vagner Freitas said that this is "the most important day of protests to secure an investigation and potential impeachment" of Bolsonaro.[176] Protests are also sparked due to the threat by Bolsonaro of not recognizing defeat in the 2022 election due to electoral fraud after the opposition's claim that Bolsonaro will lose the election.[177] Among the cities abroad with protests are Freiburg and Berlin (in Germany), Cambridge in the United Kingdom, Geneva in Switzerland and Dublin, in Ireland.[178]

The protests were later measured in tens of thousands[179] with BBC News reporting that the protests were also motivated by allegations of corruption in the purchase of vaccines.[179]

In São Paulo, protestors burned a bank agency and plundered a bus stop, a vehicle shop and a university. São Paulo State Military Police tried to disperse the protestors with pepper spray and moral effect bombs, but they answered, attacking the policemen with sticks, stones, rockets, railings and bikes. A policemen was hurt, and two were arrested.[180][181][182] Bolsonaro criticized the protests on his Twitter account. He said that “[n]o genocide will be pointed out. No authoritarian escalation or "anti-democratic act" will be cited. No threat to democracy will be warned. No search and apprehension will be made. No secrecy will be broken. Remember: it was never for health or democracy, it has always been for power!”.[183]

Social movements and trade union centrals called for an act in Cinelândia, in Rio de Janeiro, asking for the impeachment of President Jair Bolsonaro. The demonstration started peacefully but ended in riots. Police used pepper spray, stun bombs and Batons to disperse the protesters. A man and a woman were arrested for making graffiti[184][185]

In Belo Horizonte, a group of protesters set fire to tires on the Rua dos Caetés in an act against the government. The act took place in the early morning without any records of fighting.[186] In Curitiba, a group of protesters gathered in the center of the capital, and after a discussion, councilor Renato Freitas, from the Workers' Party , who participated in the protest, was detained by municipal guards on the allegation of aggression, which he denies. The councilor claims to have been a victim of arbitrary and racist violence.[187] Renato was released three hours later. Both his party and the Brazilian Bar Association repudiated the prison.[188]

Social movements and left-wing organizations decided, on June 22, to schedule new acts for July 24. The organizations and movements also decided to reinforce their support for the opening of an impeachment process against President Jair Bolsonaro.[189] At least 430 Brazilian cities in 27 states and 15 cities abroad have confirmed events for this day.[190][191]

According to organizers, the events of July 24 brought together 600,000 people in 509 events throughout Brazil and abroad.[192] In the city of São Paulo, the demonstration took place on Avenida Paulista, blocking all fifteen blocks of the avenue. From 5 pm onwards, protesters began to move towards Rua da Consolação. Organizers estimated 70,000 people attended the demonstration. At the end of the demonstration, there was a confrontation between protesters and the PM, which ended with the arrest of 3 people involved in the protest, in addition to a photographer who controlled a drone that was flying over the place. Another 7 were detained before the confrontation.[193][194][195][196][197] Hours before the demonstrations, protesters linked to the group Peripheral Revolution set fire to the Statue of Borba Gato in the East Zone of São Paulo, forcing the alteration of subway and bus lines.[198] A man suspected of having led the group to the statue was arrested the next day.[199] In the weeks after the act, three people suspected of causing the fire were arrested.[200][201] There was also a demonstration in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where protesters were demonstrating concentrated in the center, in front of the monument in homage to Zumbi dos Palmares, and headed for Praça da Candelária. The demonstration took place peacefully, but in the end, at the time of dispersion, the Military Police approached some demonstrators and there was an outbreak of turmoil. The PM used pepper spray against the protesters, a man was arrested, and a woman was injured.[202] In Brasília, the protest occupied the Esplanade of Ministries, and took place peacefully, with protesters calling for the president's impeachment and more vaccines against COVID-19.[203] In Recife, thousands of protesters against the president gathered at Praça do Derby in the morning, and headed to Avenida Guararapes. Besides the president, protesters also criticized the president of the Chamber of Deputies Arthur Lira, and the military that make up the government.[204]

In response to acts organized by supporters of the current government and which had the participation of the president of the republic, acts took place in some Brazilian cities, largely coinciding with the Scream of the Excluded". In São Paulo, due to the fact that the favorable demonstrations took place on Avenida Paulista, the concentration took place in the Vale do Anhangabaú, being the first time since the beginning of the movements, that the protests did not take place on the main street of the Brazilian megalopolis.[205][206] On September 6, a video went viral on social networks of the hacker activism group Anonymous calling on the population to participate in the protests against the government. This video was posted on the 3rd, on the FIB Bank page, one of the institutions investigated by the CPI of COVID-19 for funding the Covaxin vaccine to the Ministry of Health and Needs Medicine, and which had the site invaded during the testimony of one of the representatives of the institution.[207]

Protests against the government also happened, in Porto, Lisbon, Madrid, Brussels, Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Geneva, Rimini, Brisbane, Lviv, Zurich and Vienna.[208]

On this date, the first demonstrations took place in the streets called by right-wing and some sectors of left-wing groups, such as the Free Brazil Movement (MBL), Vem Pra Rua (VPR), Livres, Agora! and wings linked to the PSL, NOVO, PATRIOTA, DEM, AVANTE, PL, PSDB, MDB, PCdoB, PSOL, PDT and PSB parties, as well as 4 syndicalist unions[209] Despite being carried out separately from the movements of the left, the act was welcomed by sectors on this side, with some movements, parties and unions even confirming participation in the act. The choice of date is due to the fact that by the month of September, half of the population was already vaccinated.[210] The demonstrations took place in eighteen capitals and in the Federal District, but with low participation.[211]

In São Paulo, the event brought together, for the first time on the same platform, politicians from different political currents, such as the presidential candidates Ciro Gomes (PDT), João Amoedo (Novo), Simone Tebet (MDB), Luiz Henrique Mandetta (DEM) and João Doria (PSDB), in addition to the parliamentarians Isa Penna (PSOL), Orlando Silva (PCdoB), Arthur do Val (Patriota), Joice Hasselmann (PSL) and Tabata Amaral (PSB). The vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies, Marcelo Ramos (PL), was also present at the act.[212] the Worker's Party, the party of former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, decided not to participate in the demonstration.[213]

A small protest supporting the president was also held in Brasília, but with a much lower participation rate, the protesters called for the impeachment of STF's minister Alexandro de Moraes and for the stay of Bolsonaro's presidency.[214]

On this date, the MST entered the São Paulo stock exchange, According to the protesters, the goals were "the end of hunger, corruption, poverty and the impeachment of Jair Bolsonaro", protesters occupied the public area of the building, a large Brazilian flag with the word "Hunger" written on it was seen, as well as several banners and boards with criticism to the President and his ministers, as well as government policies.[215]

On September 30, the president was the target of protests in Belo Horizonte, during his participation in the Administrative City, headquarters of the state government, in the announcement of the expansion of the city's subway. People were seen shouting "Bolsonaro out" and "genocidal", demonstrators knocked down bars used to surround the ceremony site, and were restrained by the Military Police.

Protests also happened in front of Flávio Bolsonaro's Mansion, the protests were called upon by the Landless Workers' Movement and the Front People Without Fear, according to the police, the protest was peaceful and no cases of violence were reported.[216]

The protests in Brazil on October 2, 2021, were a series of protests against the Jair Bolsonaro government, given the great unpopularity of the government. Protests were held in all states of Brazil and in over 15 countries in America and Europe. The protests came a month after the September 7th protests that supported President Jair Bolsonaro, thus trying to show now the strength of the opposition to the rulers. The protests are increasingly receiving support from protesters from all political aspects (left, right and center),[217] which ends up generating friendly meetings between different politicians who have different views, however, currently fighting for a single cause.[218][219][220]

On September 12, For the first time, members of the Pro-Impeachment Front, formed by the PT, PCdoB, PSOL, PDT, PSB, PV, Network, Citizenship and Solidarity parties, as well as syndical unions and movements scheduled events for this date.[221] In all, 214 acts took place in 206 cities in 27 Brazilian states, in addition to 25 cities in 15 countries, bringing together a total of 700,000 demonstrators, according to the organizers.[222]publisher=Portal de Prefeitura}}</ref>, it was the first time where parties such as the Worker's party and the New Party participated together in the same protest.[223]

214 events were held in 206 cities across the country, in addition to 29 events in 15 countries. The biggest movements happened in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, in addition to Brasília, which always has a large volume of participants. However, it is not expected a massive migration to Brasília for the demonstration as they occurred in the acts of September 7, the idea is to show the volume of participants even though they are decentralized in several acts throughout the national territory.[224][225]

Outside the country, some countries such as Germany even hosted 4 simultaneous acts.,[226] protests occurred in Cologne, Munich, Freiburg, Frankfurt, Buenos Aires, Brussels, Vienna, Vancouver, Aarhus, New York City, South Florida, Barcelona, Sevilla, Lille, Paris, The embassy of Brazil and the international tribunal in The Hague, Rome, San Juan, Braga, Porto, Lisboa, London and Zurich.

In São Paulo, the events took place on Avenida Paulista and brought together leaders such as Ciro Gomes and Carlos Lupi, both from the PDT, Gleisi Hoffmann and Fernando Haddad, from the PT, and leaders of different acronyms such as the vice president of the CPI da Pandemic, senator Randolfe Rodrigues (Rede-AP), as well as Alessandro Vieira (Cidadania-SE), Guilherme Boulos (PSOL), Manuela D'Ávila (PCdoB), Carlos Siqueira (PSB), Juliano Medeiros (PSOL), Orlando Silva (PCdoB), Alessandro Molon (PSB), Tabata Amaral (PSB), Erica Malunguinho (PSOL), Marina Helou (Network), Simone Tebet (MDB), Junior Bozella (PSL), Fernando Alfredo (PSDB), Luíz Henrique Mandetta (DEM) and Marcelo Freixo (PSB).[227] The protests were divided between applause and cries for Haddad, Boulos and Freixo, as well as boos for Fernando Alfredo and Ciro Gomes. Bozella, Mandetta and Tábata didn't even speak. According to the protesters' estimates, 100,000 people participated in the protest and by the Military Police, there were 8,000 protesters.[228]

With the Bolsonaro government's popularity declining, the large uptake in protest would only be a consequence of the economic crisis that is plaguing the country. For the first time in many years, PT, a left-wing party and PSL, a right-wing party, and the current president's former party came together for a single objective, which in this case, is to charge for the deaths caused. for the COVID-19 pandemic and demand the lack of control of the economy.[224][229][230]

On that day, protests against the government happened in front of the Ministry of the Economy's headquarters in Brasília, Protesters against the Bolsonaro government spread thousands of dollar bills stamped with the face of Minister Paulo Guedes, The papers were smeared with red ink, an allegory to represent "blood." The notes show on one side the face of the head of the economic team. On the other, the National Congress building, the act was called upon by syndical unions as well as students and the "Central Única dos Trabalhadores", the protest called for the impeachment of the president and his ministers, as well as an end to the government's policies such as the administrative reforms sent by the president, as well as the end of hunger, corruption and poverty, A refrigerator with false bones was installed to criticise the rise of extreme poverty in the country, overall the protest had over 200 people and lasted for over 2 hours.[231]

Protests against the government happened on Sydney, on that day, a group of people protested in the Sydney Stadium against poverty, corruption, unemployment, hunger and the government's policies, the protest happened while the game was still happening, protesters were seen shouting "Bolsonaro Out", others were seen with signs written "Bolsonaro is genocidal" on them.[232]

On that day, protests against the government happened in Salvador, the protests were called upon by syndicalist unions to protest against the "PEC-32", protesters also distributed coffee and pamphlets talking about the negative impacts of the PEC-32.[233]

The next day, protests happened in Italy, called upon by environmental activists, protests happened in Rome and Anguillara, in one occasion, protesters threw horse waste in the city's prefecture, as well as painting and graffitiing it with famous sentences like "fora Bolsonaro", in Rome, anti-government groups distributed a fake "Bolsonaro" menu with chicken's legs and mouldy bread, the Italian clergy also criticized the president, with one bishop even refusing to receive Bolsonaro, a church was also closed so Bolsonaro won't be able to enter it, in Pistoia, left-wing parties also made an open letter criticizing the president's actions during the pandemic, and the amazon fires. the protests were called upon after a city's decision to put Bolsonaro as an Honorary Citizen, according to the protesters and organizers, it was also called upon to "protest against social and environmental problems, as well as the deaths in the pandemic".[234]

In October 30, protests also happened in Rome, protesters were seen shouting "genocidal" and "Bolsonaro out", the protest was organized by the Brazilian community in Rome, and had only a small amount of people.[235]

On 31 October, protests happened in Brasilia, pressuring Arthur Lira to start the impeachment process of Jair Bolsonaro, protesters also called for the Departure of Minister Paulo Guedes, graffitiing also occurred in the city.

The protesters staged Bolsonaro inside a shopping cart pushed by Lira, as if it were an article in liquidation. In the performance, the two even toasted with sparkling wine amid cash notes. About 50 people participated in the demonstration.[236]

In the first day of November, Bolsonaro visited Padua, and, was received by protests, protesters carried banners and signs with anti-Bolsonaro slogans such as "Bolsonaro out" and "Genocidal", people were also seen shouting "Guedes out" and "Impeachment now!", the protests were called upon by social movements and left-wing parties, Italian police repressed the protests, using water jets, some police officers also clashed with the protesters and an activist was arrested, Bolsonaro reportedly decided to not go into the center of the city that day to avoid being the target of the protests, the protests had around 500 people, most linked with social movements.

protests also happened in Anguillara, where, at some point, a small group of anti-Bolsonaro protesters verbally clashed with pro-government protesters, no cases of violence were reported during the protests and the ceremony where the president was given the title of Honorary Citizen continued normally.[237]

During the protests at the COP26 meeting, protesters were seen shouting "Bolsonaro out" and "Genocidal", some people were also seen with signs protesting against the government's actions during the pandemic, as well as the amazon fires, a large figurine representing the president and other world leaders celebrating the destruction of the amazon was also built, a few days later, many people on social medias such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and others criticized the president's actions regarding the destruction of the amazon, in what was called a "tuitaço".[238]

Unions, social movements and political parties held, on that day, a public act against the Bolsonaro government, in Campos and Macaé. In Campos, the protesters gathered at the Union of Bank Workers, later marching towards Pelourinho, on the sidewalk in the center of the city. breakfast kits were served for the population. Unions and associations representing categories such as bank workers, metallurgists, education professionals, oil workers, chemists, teachers at the State University of Norte Fluminense, technicians, courts workers, sanitation workers and public servants, among others, were involved. In Macaé, the protest took place at the entrances to the Petrobrás base in Imbetiba. The union's coordinator, Tezeu Petroleiro, was at the site accompanied by other directors of the organization.[239]

on that same day, protests against the government happened in Lisbon, they were called upon after the government's decision to use public money to pay legislators to approve the "PEC dos Precatórios", protesters also were seen shouting anti-government slogans, signs with words like "Bolsonaro Out" were seen, the protesters also carried signs with protests against chamber of deputies' leader Arthur Lira (PP-AL), according to the protesters and organizers, it was also called to protest against poverty, unemployment, the destruction of the amazon forest, hunger and corruption.[240]

a few days before, a group of teachers denounced the government in an open letter, some medics also refused to receive a medal from the president in an act of protest against the government.[241]

on November 13, marches were held in several cities, including capitals such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, the marches called for the end of hunger, poverty, unemployment and corruption, as well for the impeachment of the president, protesters shouted anti-government slogans, others were also seen carrying bones in a form of protest against hunger, acts were also registered in other cities, the protest was also active on social media, with the Twitter accounts of movements such as the Landless Workers' Movement protesting against the government in platforms such as Twitter, the protest ended with a ceremony held by priest Júlio Lancellotti in Praça da Fé.[242]

A protest was planned for that date, organized by the pro-impeachment front. The date was chosen because it coincides with the Proclamation of the Republic holiday.[243] However, due to disagreements between the organizers and the difficulty of bringing groups together between the events of the 15th and the 20th, the Day where the Black Consciousness day is celebrated, the national front also called "Direitos Já" opted to postpone the demonstrations until January 2022.[244][245]

Federal police protested, on the next day, against the government, protesters were seen shouting "Bolsonaro out" and "his government only gave us punches", anti-government signs and banners were seen using famous opposition slogans, the protestors declared that the government "didn't give them the valorization that they needed", they also claimed that "they didn't have motives to celebrate", and that they "lost rights and didn't have enough recognition for their work", the protests were also called upon after accusations of interference by the president in the Federal Police, a joint note was also signed by the National Association of Federal Police Delegates, the National Association of Federal Criminal Experts, the National Federation of Federal Police Delegates, the National Federation of Federal Police and the Federal Police Delegates Union condemning the president's actions and calling for "further valorization of the federal police".[246]

Protests were announced to this day by the national campaign "Direitos Já!", right, center and left-wing parties, movements and unions have confirmed participation, the protest will happen in the Black Consciousness Day, movements such as the Black Coalition for Rights have confirmed that they would take part in the protest, uniting black rights movements' protests and anti-government protests, 80 cities confirmed protests, 75 in Brazil and 5 in another 4 countries, the act is being called "Out Racist Bolsonaro" by the organizers, as of 19 November, over 10 syndical unions have already confirmed presence to the act.[247]

in the next day, protests agaisnt and in favour of the president also happened in the Avenida Paulista, but with much smaller numbers<, protests also happened in santos, where a woman infiltrated the protest and gave a lecture agaisnt the president, she also called for the people to take the vaccine and called the president a Psychopath.[248]

Protests happened in the largest "Favela" in São Paulo, on that day, protesters marched in the favela against the government, unemployment, racism, hunger and the deaths by the Covid-19 pandemic, the protests started at 18h30, ending in front of the evangelical church of the community, where members of the catholic, evangelical and traditional African religions' churches gave a speech asking for "more food" and the impeachment of the president, a choir happened together with a cacerolazo in a act of protest against the president, a car also passed reading the names of the victims of the pandemic.[249]

a few days later, a large banner with the phrase "naufra Guedes" written on it was also put at Faria Lima in a act of protest agaisnt the minister[250]

A march called "women against Bolsonaro" happened on this day in several cities such as: Recife, Natal, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Pelotas, Belo Horizonte, São Paulo, Campinas, Ubatuba, Santos, Brasília, Palmas, Fortaleza, Juazeiro do Norte, Florianópolis, Chapecó and João Pessoa. groups of people shouted anti-government slogans, as well as carrying banners and signs with the words written "if its expensive, its Bolsonaro's fault!", according to the protesters, Bolsonaro's government is prejudicial against women's rights, and that these acts should be seen as "part of the Ele Não movement".[251]

in a test made by the UFPel, the phrase "Fora Bolsonaro" was written in an encrypted way using bold syllables in the body of the text in a act of protest against the president.[252], some days later, more acts agaisnt the president happened, during a lecture in a military event, people were heard shouting anti government slogans, signs were also seen in São Paulo and Minas Gerais criticizing the president 2 days after the act.

Globo News also criticized the president after its supporters and guards were seen attacking journalists during the president's visit to the regions hit by a flood in the state of Bahia. 2 days later, in a event hosted by Gal Costa, the people danced and screamed "Ei Bolsonaro, vai tomar no cú"

In that day, protests happened against the Administrative Reform in Maceió, protesters went from the Multievents park and marched by the Pajuçara beach to the apartment of the president of the chamber of deputies, Arthur Lira, the act was organized by several social and syndical movements, according to them, the protest was also called upon to protest agaisnt hunger, inequality and unemployment caused by the pandemic.[253]

A few days before, during a event made by the son of Cássia Eller, people were also heard shouting "Fora Bolsonaro" in a act of protest against the president[254]

a statue of a thin cow was also put where the BOVESPA bull used to be, it was removed months before after a "churrasco" was organized in front of it to protest against hunger and unemployment, according to the creator of the statue, he made it to "protest against poverty caused by the Covid-19 pandemic".[255]

Protestors in Belém defended the election for the presidency of the Chamber of Deputies of Arthur Lira and spoke against Bolsonaro's impeachment.[256]

On March 5, truck drivers blocked Professor Simão Faiguenboim Highway (known as “Marginal Tietê”), protesting against the restrictive measures imposed by São Paulo State's Governor, João Doria Jr.[257]

In Salvador, a motorcade against the lockdown imposed by Mayor Bruno Reis had over 300 cars and ran over Paralela Avenue.[258]

Nationwide protests supporting the government happened first in March 14.[259] The protests took place in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, Salvador and other cities (in total, the capitals of 15 states and inner towns[260]). The protesters spoke against the Supreme Federal Court, lockdowns and the handling of the pandemic by governors and mayors. In Salvador, the protest (a motorcade) had over 2,000 vehicles, and the protestors shouted “the people will die with hunger” and “no to the new restrictions”.[261] In Fortaleza, the state military police repressed the protesters, which shouted “Camilo dictator” (referring to Ceará’s governor, Camilo Santana) and included the state deputy Andre Fernandes, who is politically against Camilo Santana. The police officers used pepper spray and arrested 16 people.[262][263] Answering the arrests, another protest occurred on 15 March in Fortaleza, where they shouted “Camilo out” and expressed their discontent with the Supreme Court minister Edson Fachin. 10 were arrested.[264]

On March 14, CNN Brasil's political commentator Caio Coppola created an online petition to pressure the Senate to analyze the impeachment of Supreme Court's judge Alexandre de Moraes.[265] The petition hit 1 million signatures in 14 hours,[266][267] 2 million in 24 hours[268] and 2.5 million in 48 hours.[269] On March 21, senator Jorge Kajuru presented the petition to the Senate.[270]

A motorcade in Belo Horizonte had over 300 cars, protesting against the lockdown imposed by Mayor Alexandre Kalil. The protests had the participation of City Councilor Nikolas Ferreira. The protests started at Pope's Plaza, symbol of the protests against Kalil.[271][272]

Another nationwide pro-Gov't protests happened in April 11. Entitled “March of the Christian Family for Freedom”, it was, according to the organizers, against communism, lockdowns and a decision of the Supreme Court that allowed states to close churches and religious temples.[273][274] In most places, it happened peacefully, but in Curitiba (state of Paraná), a 73-year-old was hit by a frozen passion fruit thrown from the 13th floor of a building by a 52-year-old psychologist. The psychologist was arrested for homicide attempt.[275]

In Fortaleza, two were arrested in a protest on April 19. The military state police's decision to arrest was considered “illegal”, since “there was no crime”.[276]

More nationwide protests happened on May 1, in state capitals and inner cities. The protests happened both as motorcades and demonstrations, and the protesters shouted “I authorize”, making reference to the president's claim that he will invoke Article 142 of the Brazilian constitution to restore the individual rights mentioned by the Constitution's Article 5 (one of the few irrevocable clauses of the Constitution, according to Article 60, Paragraph [§] 4th, incise IV). In São Paulo, protesters occupied the famous Paulista Avenue,[277] with the participation of 1 million people, including Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli.[278] In Rio de Janeiro, the Atlântica Avenue had its traffic banned due to the protests.[279] At the state of Rio Grande do Norte, protests happened in Natal (the state capital),[280] and in Salvador (Bahia's state capital), protests happened at Oceânica Avenue.[281] At the State of Rio Grande do Sul, protests took place in Porto Alegre (the state's capital), Santa Maria, Passo Fundo and Rio Grande,[282] and in Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (the state's capital) and four other cities had protests.[283][281] At the Brazilian capital, Brasília, Bolsonaro flew by helicopter over the protests.[284] At the state of Ceará, the protests happened in Fortaleza as a motorcade at the federal highway BR-116.[285] There were also protests on the state's southern city of Juazeiro do Norte. The Juazeiro's protest was dispersed with the use of a helicopter,[286] and in Fortaleza, 17 protesters were arrested and taken to the 2nd and 30th Police Districts.[287][288] Federal Deputy Bia Kicis, on her Twitter account, condemned the arrests,[289] and City Councilor Carmelo Neto gave juridical support for the arrested protesters.[290] At Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, a pro-Government motorcade took place around 8:30 a.m.,[291] while in Altamira, the pro-Bolsonaro motorcade was reportedly prohibited.[292][293] In total, protests interrupted traffic in 11 states and in the Federal District.[294]

President Bolsonaro participated in a motorcycle ride (“motociata”) for Mother's Day in Brasília.[295]

Pro-government protest in Brasília

Bolsonaro flies over protests in Brasília

Pro-government protests, organized by movements Marcha da Família Cristã and Brasil Verde e Amarelo, took place at the Ministries Esplanade, with the participation of Bolsonaro and some of his ministers, all arriving by horse.[296][297] The protests started on early rising and ended at 5 p.m., with a pause for lunch at 11 a.m.[298] During his speech, Bolsonaro defended ballot voting and criticized lockdown measures taken by states and municipalities, affirming that “they won't steal the freedom of our people”.[299]

In Rio de Janeiro, protests took place at Copacabana Beach,[300] while in São Paulo, at Avenida Paulista.[300][301] In Fortaleza, protests took place at Avenida Beira Mar, with the participation of the Pro-Gov't group Endireita Fortaleza.[302] Protests also took place in Curitiba,[303] Belo Horizonte and a hundred other cities.[304]

Bolsonaro participated in another “motociata”, in Rio de Janeiro, with an estimated number of 38,000 to 39,000 motorcycles, at a 30-kilometer path from Barra Olympic Park, at the city's West zone, to the Flamengo Landfill, at the South Zone.[305] The participation of the former Health Minister, General Eduardo Pazuello,[306] prompted an internal investigation at the Army, for a possible violation to the Military's Statute.[307] The Army did not punish him,[308] and imposed a hundred years confidentiality at the case.[309]

Bolsonaro participated in another motociata, in São Paulo, called “Acelera para Cristo”.[310][311] The Public Security Secretariat of the State of São Paulo (SSP-SP) used 6,000 police officers to guarantee the event's safety, and Bolsonaro was charged for not using a mask.[311][312]

A motociata without Bolsonaro's presence was held in Recife, starting at 10 a.m. at Orla da Piedade. The number of motorcycles is estimated at 3,500. Some came from inner Pernambuco, and others, from states like Paraíba and Bahia.[313]

Bolsonaro held another motociata in Chapecó (State of Santa Catarina)[314] with the city's mayor, João Rodrigues (PSD),[315] in a 90-kilometer path from Flávio Baldissera Industrial District to the city of Xanxerê, and back to the District. According to the Highway Military Police, 50,000 were present.[316][317]

Bolsonaro supporters in Salvador organized another “motociata” on Bahia's Independence Day, when the State of Bahia commemorates the end of the Siege of Salvador.[318] The “motociata” defended Bolsonaro's government and ballot voting, and was described as “impressive”.[319] The protestors also criticized Bahia's Governor, Rui Costa.[318] The ride started around 10 a.m., going from que Dique do Tororó (Tororó's Dike, in free translation) to Salvador's Coast.[320]

Bolsonaro's supporters protested in Brasília for the legalization of firearms to the civil population.[321]

Protests supporting Bolsonaro and ballot voting, against mandatory vaccinations and vaccine passports, with critics to the Supreme Court, were registered in Fortaleza's Portugal Plaza.[322]

A ‘bicicletada’ (motorcade with bikes) defending ballot voting was held in Recife.[323]

Bolsonaro participated in another ‘motociata’ in Presidente Prudente, at the State of São Paulo.[324]

Protests were registered this day, nationwide, supporting Bolsonaro and ballot voting, in many Brazilian cities.

• Federal District

Protests in Brasília occupied the Ministries Esplanade, blocking all lanes of the Monumental Axis. The protest started at 10 a.m., in a walk from the National Library to the National Congress. Fmr. Bolsonaro's Foreign Minister Ernesto Araújo and Deputy Bia Kicis were present.[325][326]

• State of São Paulo

Protests happened in many cities of the State: in the capital, São Paulo, protests happened at the Paulista Ave.[327] The protest was labeled ‘admirable’[328] and affected 21 metro lines.[327] Protests were also recorded in Bauru,[329] São Carlos,[330] Araçatuba, São José do Rio Preto,[331][332] Santos,[333] Campinas,[334] Sorocaba, Jundiaí,[335] Ribeirão Preto,[336] Piracicaba,[337] São José dos Campos and Pindamonhangaba.[338]

• State of Rio de Janeiro

A protest, started at 10 a.m., was registered in Rio's Copacabana, in the Atlântica Avenue.[339] Over a thousand people were there, according to BandNews FM.[340] In Niterói, protests happened at Icaraí Beach,[341] and in Campos dos Goytacazes, there was a protest, starting at 10 a.m., in front of the City Council, followed by a motorcade.[342]

• State of Ceará

Protests were registered in Fortaleza,[343] Quixadá,[344] Juazeiro do Norte[345] and Canindé.[346] In Fortaleza, protests happened at the Portugal Plaza, crowding it.[347][343] Participated in the act State Deputy André Fernandes,[348] City Councilors for Fortaleza Carmelo Neto[349] and Priscila Costa[350] and Federal Deputy for Ceará Capitão Wagner Sousa.[351] In Juazeiro do Norte, a motorcade happened near Giradouro Plaza,[345] while in Canindé, a protest happened at Dr. Aramis Plaza.[346] In Quixadá, a protest was reported at José de Barros Plaza and Rodrigues Junior Street, at the city's Center.[344]

• State of Minas Gerais

In Belo Horizonte, a protest happened at the Liberty Plaza, with 5,000 people. Organized by movements Brasil Conservador, Direita BH and Marcha da Família Cristã, the protest had more people than expected - 1,500.[352] Participated in the act City Councilor Nikolas Ferreira and State Deputy Bruno Engler.[353] In Juiz de Fora, 1,500 protested at the Antônio Carlos Plaza (at the city center). The protest was organized by the movement Direita Minas, and started with the National Anthem and with a pray for Bolsonaro.[354] In Uberlândia, there was a motorcade and a ‘motociata’,[355] similar to what happened in Poços de Caldas,[356][357] Varginha and Pouso Alegre.[357]

• State of Pará

About 20,000 people protested in Belém. The act started at 8 a.m. (local time, 9 a.m. in Brasília) at the Docks Station, and by 9 a.m., the protesters went to the Republic Plaza, through President Vargas Ave, where they sung the National Anthem. After that moment, they went through Nazaré Ave to the Quintino Bocaiúva cross, passed through Boaventura da Silva Street and ended the act on Visconde de Souza Franco Ave, around noon. There were people by car, motorcycle or walking. Politicians, such as the Federal Deputy Éder Mauro, State Deputy Delegado Caveira and Federal Police Officer Everaldo Eguchi, were present.[358]

• State of Rio Grande do Norte

In Natal, protests were registered at the crossing between Nevaldo Rocha and Salgado Filho Aves, in front of the Midway Mall. The number of protestors was estimated in thousands.[359][360][361][362] A motorcade was registered in Mossoró.[363]

• State of Paraná

In Curitiba, protestors met at Boca Maldita, a traditional area of protests in the city's center.[364][365] In Londrina, the protests started at 3 p.m., at the crossing between J.K. and Higienópolis Avenues, and, at 4:20 p.m, after the singing of the National Anthem, a motorcade happened, going through Higienópolis Ave to the Bandeira Plaza. Federal Deputy Felipe Barros, born in Londrina, was at the protest.[364][366] There were motorcades registered in Foz do Iguaçu and Guarapuava.[365]

• State of Santa Catarina

Acts were registered in the state capital, Florianópolis, and in Itajaí, Balneário Camboriú, Blumenau, Pomerode, Joinville, Criciúma, Tubarão and Chapecó. Something between 8,000 and 10,000 protestors participated in the acts.[367][368]

• State of Pernambuco

Protestors in Recife gathered at Boa Viagem, at the city's south zone, at 2 p.m., and collected food for low-income families. Participated in the protest politicians Clarissa Tercio and Alberto Feitosa, of the Social Christian Party (PSC), and Minister of Tourism Gilson Machado Neto.[369]

A protest defending ballot voting happened in Brasília, in front of Annex II of the Chamber of Deputies, with the participation of Federal Deputy Bia Kicis.[370]

Bolsonaro held a ‘motociata’ in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina's state capital, gathering 35,000 people, including 25,000 motorcycles,[371] with 250 participating by boat.[372] Participated in the act State Deputy Kennedy Nunes, Senator Jorginho Mello, businessman Luciano Hang, Federal Deputies Fábio Schiochet, Carla Zambelli and Caroline de Toni, Santa Catarina Vice-Governor Daniele Reinehr and Florianópolis City Councilor Maryanne Mattos.[373]

A ‘motociata’ supporting Bolsonaro and criticizing decisions of the Supreme Court was held in Miami, Florida.[374][375]

The protests in Brazil on September 7, 2021 were protests that took place throughout the national territory during the country's independence day holiday. Demonstrations were marked by the government side and by the opposition to the Jair Bolsonaro Government.[376][377][378]

In addition to cities within the national territory, pro-government events of President Jair Bolsonaro took place in London.

September 7, 2021 is the 199th anniversary of the Brazilian Independence. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Defense suspended the classic civil-military parade of Independence Day for the 2nd consecutive year.[379] However, nationwide protests were planned for this day. The date is being called the ‘New Independence’ by some politicians, including Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli.[380]

On August 23, it was reported that military policemen are organizing themselves to participate in the September 7 acts in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.[381]

The next day, the Public Ministry of São Paulo opened an investigation against State Military Policemen who supported the act, specially Aleksander Lacerda, commander of the Inner Policing Command-7 (Comando de Policiamento do Interior-7, CPI-7) and Augusto Araújo, of Ceagesp (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo).[382]

On September 5, it was reported that the states of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina would not ‘hunt’ military policemen who participate in the acts, while the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Piauí, Amazonas, São Paulo and Roraima will punish them.[383]

On September 6, it was reported that 30% of military policemen wanted to participate in pro-Bolsonaro September 7 acts.[384]

During the demonstrations, pro-Jair Bolsonaro's government truckers organized several national strikes on federal highways. The demonstrations were observed in 15 states of Brazil, including: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Paraná, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo and Minas Gerais.[224][385]

According to State of Santa Catarina's news portal ND+, reported that south state truckers’ leader, Jair ‘Bala’ Ferraz, confirmed a truckers strike against ‘the abuses of the Supreme Court’. The strike started at morning of September 7, with "no day to end". Blockades were scheduled at federal highway BR-101, in Maracajá, Arananguá and Santa Rosa do Sul, strategic areas where even small vehicles can not go through. Only emergency vehicles and ‘live charge’ were be allowed to pass.[386] The agency also reported that blockades also happened in Tubarão, Sombrio, São Cristóvão do Sul, São Francisco do Sul, Mafra, Canoinhas, Porto União, Papanduva, Guaramirim, Garuva, Itajaí, and at BR-101's kilometer 25, in Joinville, at the State's north. Blockades also happened in Florianópolis’ areas of Palhoça and Biguaçu.[387]

ND+ also reported that transit must paralyze near the access to the city of Irani. It was revealed that the movement started to be organized 40 days before. Buses, emergency vehicles, small cars, perishable loads and hospital supplies were be allowed to go through. A strike was also scheduled to happen in Caçador, starting at 5 a.m.[388]

Truckers were already heading to Brasília, not waiting September 7.[389]

Shutdowns were not monitored or recognized by entities and movements that represent the category. According to the various representatives of the categories, the stoppages were carried out autonomously by some members of the category, thus exempting the movements from possible undemocratic acts. Even without recognition of the category, there were reports of truck drivers who had their keys forcibly removed from their trucks at roadblocks.[224][390][391]

The consequences of the stoppages of truck drivers were not as expected, considering that it did not cause shortages in any region of the country. One of the reasons for this was the decision to go on strike during a national holiday and its early closure. In addition, the demonstrations brought small problems in traffic, such as slowness and the search for users of federal roads for alternative routes.[392][391]

To intensify the movement, government support groups spread fake news about a possible "State of emergency" implemented by President Jair Bolsonaro, which caused a commotion in several states in Brazil by part of the protesters. However, the fake news was quickly disproved which caused a distrust of supporters in the organization of the stoppage, thus quickly causing a loss of support.[393][394][395][396]

After low adhesion,[397][398] and a concern of President Jair Bolsonaro about the national shortage, was requested by the same that the strike be ended. The president's message to truck drivers divided the already weakened group, while many believed the audio was a lie, others were disappointed by the president's failure to recognize their efforts. On the night of Thursday, September 9, practically all demonstrations had already ceased throughout the national territory.[399][400]

Organized for an entire month, the strike, which had low participation and a request from the president himself to end it, ended up becoming a source of disappointment for the protesters, many expressed their dissatisfaction on social media.[401][402] Even great leaders of the movement such as "Zé Trovão" who was being sought after by anti-democratic attacks on the STF, ended up withdrawing from the movement, and he even fled to Mexico to avoid his arrest in national territory[403][404]

The comedian Marcelo Adnet made a video where he imitated the audio of then president Jair Bolsonaro with a sarcastic tone. The video quickly went viral and divided opinions even within Jair Bolsonaro support groups, while many declared "it's another shovel of dirt in the president's grave" others decided to try to attack the same on social media.[405][401][406]

Truck drivers who joined the strike were also receiving financial aid for food, they informed that the money was being sent by the agribusiness sector, mainly from soy that is supporting the pro-Bolsonaro demonstration.[407][408]

On September 3, STF's Minister Alexandre de Moraes ordered the arrest of conservative journalist Wellington Macedo, who was organizing the September 7 protests, and trucker Marcos Antônio Pereira Gomes, known as ‘Zé Trovão’.[409] The Federal Police searched Trovão's house to obey Moraes’ order, but Trovão was not arrested. He is wanted.[409][410] Trovão also claimed he would not ‘surrender’ until after September 7.[411] According to CNN Brasil, it is likely that Trovão left Brazil.[412]

On September 5, a professor from the city of Otacílio Costa, in Santa Catarina, was arrested after an order of Alexandre de Moraes, due to his participation in a live streaming on September 3.[413]

Brasília's central region had a special security scheme by the Federal District Military Police on the week of September 7, due to the protests, including blocking traffic.[414]

On September 4, Alexandre de Moraes ordered Deputy Carla Zambelli to testify at the Federal Police about the September 7 protest.[415][416]

Caravans from the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul confirmed traveling to Brasília with charter buses.[417]

The distribution of money during demonstrations in favor of the Bolsonaro government was one of the agendas raised after the end of the demonstrations, considering that in videos passengers of a chartered bus receiving 100 reals as "food aid" and a T-shirt by organizers were recorded. of one of the movements heading towards Brasília[418][419]

According to the Brazilian Association of Hotels Industry of the Federal District (Abih-DF), on 6 and 7 September, hotels in Brasília were operating in almost maximum capacity, with the only available rooms being superior category ones, such as presidential suites. Abih-DF's president, Henrique Severein, affirmed that such a movement was never seen.[420]

In an event on the State of Bahia on September 3, President Bolsonaro said that the September 7 acts will be a ‘huge demonstration of patriotism’, and also said that the acts will be an ‘ultimatum’ from the people.[421]

On the night of September 6, a small group of pro-Bolsonaro protestors breached the blockade of the Federal District Military Police (Polícia Militar do Distrito Federal, PMDF), and walked into the Ministries Esplanade, in Brasília, many say that it was a attempt to recreate the 2021 United States Capitol attack in Brazil by invading the STF, .[422][423] A second barricade was formed, near the Metropolitan Cathedral, but it would be breached around 9 p.m.[424] The breach reportedly happened with support from the PMDF policemen in place,[422] The security forces reacted and dispersed them with tear gas and pepper spray,[425][426][427] The federal deputy Eduardo Bolsonaro was caught that day along with the attempted invasion.[428]

Protestors at the Ministries Esplanade in Brasília, September 7, 2021

Pro-government protestors from many country areas gathered in the Ministries Esplanade, in Brasília, on September 7, supporting ballot voting and the destitution of Supreme Court ministers.[429] The Esplanade was already crowded at 10:53, but more people were still expected to arrive.[430] The protests happened during the morning.[431][432]

Bolsonaro flies over Brasília, September 7, 2021

Bolsonaro flew over the protest with his son, Federal Deputy Eduardo Bolsonaro, Senator Marcos Rogério, and Minister of Defense Braga Netto.[433] He also made a speech, where he said that “we can't accept more political arrests in Brazil. Either the chief of this Power frames his [minister], or this Power might suffer what we do not want”, making reference to Supreme Court's president Minister Luiz Fux, about the decisions of Minister Alexandre de Moraes.[434] The protest gathered 400,000 people.[8]

Some government supporters camped in Esplanade of the Ministeries in Brasilia, and later tried to invade the headquarters of the Ministry of Health on the morning of September 8. Journalists were harassed with name-calling and shoving. They tried to protect themselves at the ministry's headquarters.[435]

During the demonstrations, President Jair Bolsonaro made statements in an electric trio with a critical but controversial tone in Brasilia and São Paulo. In the federal capital, Bolsonaro, without quoting the Supreme Court, saying: "We cannot accept political arrests in our Brazil anymore. Either the head of this power frames yours, or that power will suffer what we do not want. Because we value, recognize and we know the value of each Power of the Republic".[436]

Pro-government protest in São Paulo, September 7, 2021

Bolsonaro flying over Paulista Avenue, 7 September 2021

In São Paulo, protestors gathered at Paulista Avenue. Some areas with a large concentration of people made unviable moving. Near streets had some buses parked, due to caravans coming to São Paulo.[437] The protest started in the morning.[438]

Bolsonaro flew over the Avenue and arrived on it at 3:30 p.m.,[439][440] where he said that “we will no longer admit people, like Alexandre de Moraes, who disrespect our Constitution”,[441] while also calling the minister a “scoundrel”.[442] According to the Military Police of São Paulo, 125,000 people were present.[9] The measurement, however, was criticized, being labeled "out of reality" by Jovem Pan's radio program Os Pingos nos Is.[443]

Even with high numbers of participants in government demonstrations, the number did not reflect what was expected for the day, according to the number reported by the military police in their survey during the protests on the avenida paulista, about 125,000 people participated of manifestations, which represents only 6% of what the event organizers expected in its dissemination. The super-expectations expected by the organizers may have caused a great disappointment, and the idea of being a giant demonstration was overthrown after the release of the official numbers of supporters.[444][445][446][447][448]

Photos comparing the event on Avenida Paulista and the parade LGBT at the same location, shows the volume of people who participated in the demonstration. In Brasilia, support groups even used photo angles to promote the grandiosity of the event, however, after the end of the demonstration, photos were compared between protesters in Brasília and a show made by the group RBD at the same venue that showed that the pop-rock band got a volume of attendees at their concerts compared to the protest in support of President Jair Bolsonaro.[447][446][449]

In São Paulo, in another electric trio, Bolsonaro was even more aggressive, calling the Supreme Minister Alexandre de Moraes "scoundrels" and said he would not comply with court decisions: "We must, because I speak In your name Determine that all political prisoners be set free I tell you that any decision of Minister Alexandre de Moraes that President will no longer carry out. he still has time to redeem himself, he still has time to file his inquiries. Exit Alexandre de Moraes, stop being a scoundrel, stop oppressing the Brazilian people, stop censoring," said the president.[450] He also criticized the president of the Superior Electoral Court, but without citing Luís Roberto Barroso.

In Rio de Janeiro, protestors gathered at Atlântica Avenue, in Copacabana Beach, blocking both of its two lanes.[451] A crane raised a 12-meter Brazilian flag, and a man with a knife, a English punch and a Molotov cocktail was arrested by the police.[452][453] [454]

In São Paulo State's inner cities of Taubaté, São José dos Campos and Guaratinguetá, pro-Bolsonaro acts were reported. According to the organizers, 5,000 were present in São José dos Campos’ act, but the Military Police did not publish an estimate.[455]

In Salvador, a walk went from Farol da Barra do Morro de Cristo. The act started at 9 a.m. and finished at 1:30 p.m.[456] In Fortaleza, a motorcade went from the Castelão Arena to the Portugal Plaza, gathering "thousands".[457][458] The protestors sung the National Anthem and held support banners for the Federal Executive. Federal Deputies Dr. Jaziel, Capitão Wagner and State Deputies Delegado Cavalcante, Soldado Noélio and Dra. Silvana were present. The act was peaceful.[459] There were also protests in Ceará's inner cities of Juazeiro do Norte, Sobral and Ipu.[457]

In Goiânia, a "motocarreata" (motorcade with cars and motorcycles) was held in front of Goiânia Autodrome, 5-kilometer long.[460]

During the day of September 7, 2021, in the city of Bauru, two pro-government protesters approached a protest march against the government and uttered curses. There was a small confrontation and the two were detained.[461]

In total, acts were registered in 179 cities.[462]

The Supreme Federal Court, one of the main victims of anti-democratic acts, made a statement that was attended by all ministers through a note that was read by the minister Luiz Fux:[463]

This Supreme Court will never accept threats to its independence or intimidation to the regular exercise of its functions. No one will close this Court. We will keep it standing, with sweat and perseverance… If contempt for judicial decisions occurs at the initiative of the head of any of the powers, this attitude, in addition to representing an attack on democracy, constitutes a crime of responsibility, to be analyzed by the National Congress.

— Luiz Fux, Supreme Federal Court

The Brazilian Chamber of Deputies made its note through the federal deputy Arthur Lira, who is known for being a supporter of then president Jair Bolsonaro, criticized the position of his colleague from executive, in a note he said:[464]

Our House is committed to the real Brazil – which has been suffering from the pandemic, unemployment and lack of opportunities. In the Chamber of Deputies, we approved emergency aid and voted on laws that made access to vaccination easier, We advanced in legislation that allows the creation of more jobs and more income. Casa do Povo went ahead with Brazil's agenda – especially the reforms. We never miss Brazilians. The Chamber has not stopped in the face of crises that only make Brazil waste time, lose lives and lose opportunities to progress, to be fairer and to build a better nation for all... The Powers have delimitations – the square, which must circumscribe their range of action. This defines respect and harmony. I cannot admit questions about decisions taken and overcome – such as the printed vote. Once defined, the page is turned. Just as I will also continue defending the right of parliamentarians to free expression – and our prerogative to punish them internally if the House, with its sovereignty and independence, understands that they have crossed the line.

— Arthur Lira

The president of the National Congress Rodrigo Pacheco also spoke about the acts on 7 September. Without citing President Jair Bolsonaro, Pacheco criticized what he called "undemocratic raptures."[465]

On this 7th of September, many Brazilians took to the streets. Thousands more did not go, and there is a common point among all Brazilians. We live in a country in crisis.

A real crisis of hunger and poverty that knocks at the door of Brazilians, sacrificing people's dignity. Inflation, with the loss of Brazilian purchasing power, things are more expensive. The unemployment crisis, the energy crisis, the water crisis. A pandemic that saddened the country a lot. So, a real crisis that we are experiencing and that we have to solve. This solution does not lie in authoritarianism. It is not about undemocratic raptures, it is not about questioning democracy. This solution lies in the political maturity of the constituted powers to understand each other, to seek convergences for what truly interests Brazilians.

That's why it's fundamental and we must work hard, because the powers that be sit at the table, organize themselves, respect each other. Each one fulfills its role respecting the role of the other and seeks a harmony that will mean solving people's problems.

— Rodrigo Pacheco

Pro-Government protests also happened in Rome, on that day, the president met with the supporters in the city, and, journalists trying to interview the president were punched, pushed, and had their cellphones robbed by the president's guards, a journalist was also pushed by pro-government protesters, after being called an "infiltrator" by the protesters, Italian guards and cops also responded to journalists with violence, pushing them away from the building where the president was meeting with other world leaders.[466]

On that day, protests supporting the president happened in Anguillara, about 20 people participated in the protest, that, as an accident, mixed with anti-government protestors, pro and anti-government protestors then verbally clashed, on one occasion, during an interview with a pro-government protestor, an elderly man approached the woman and said "go back to brazil if you love the president so much".

Supporters of the president began arriving en masse around 11:00 a.m. Singing the national anthem and dressed in shirts of the Brazilian national team, they spread throughout the city. They gathered in front of the town hall and then moved to Villa Arca del Santo, where the president received the title of Honorary Citizen.

Bolsonaro arrived at the scene around 12:20 p.m. After clashes between protesters and journalists, the president quickly left the scene to greet supporters, who shouted "myth." Amid the confusion, a woman was heard shouting "genocidal."[467]

During a audience about the Covid-19 passport, people began protesting against its compulsory use, Deputy Talita, Singer Netinho, medic Raissa Soares and Capitan Alden were also present in the act, they also criticized the government of Governor Rui Costa (PT) calling him a "dictator" after he made it obligatory for public officials to take the vaccine.[468]

On February 3, Senator Randolfe Rodrigues said he got the needed signatures to start a Parliamentary Committee of Enquiry at the Federal Senate (‘Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito, abbreviated as ‘CPI’, in Portuguese - The needed signatures are 27, accordingly to the Constitution's Article 58, § 3rd) to investigate Bolsonaro's handling of the pandemic.[469] Besides that, nothing happened until Supreme Federal Court's minister Luís Roberto Barroso, on April 8, forced the Senate to create Randolfe's CPI,[3] created on April 13.[470] In parallel, Ceará's Senator Eduardo Girão, on March 2, started to collect signatures to create a Commission to investigate corruption scandals involving states and municipalities,[471] which caught the media's attention after many Federal Police's operations, known as “Covidão” (Big Covid, in Portuguese). It is estimated that R$260 million (US$50.8 million as of 12 June 2021) were diverted.[472] Girão got the needed signatures on April 12, when his commission proposal had 33 signatures.[473] By result, Senate's president Senator Rodrigo Pacheco merged the two proposals - Girão's and Rodrigues's -, for considering them “connected matters”.[474]

• President: Senator Omar Aziz (PSD-AM)
• Vice-president: Senator Randolfe Rodrigues (REDE-AP)
• Rapporteur: Senator Renan Calheiros (MDB-AL)[475]
• Others: Senator Eduardo Braga, Senator Eduardo Girão, Senator Tasso Jereissati, Senator Humberto Costa, Senator Marcos Rogério, Senator Jorginho Mello, Senator Otto Alencar, Senator Ciro Nogueira
• Substitutes: Senator Jader Barbalho, Senator Angelo Coronel, Senator Marcos do Val, Senator Rogério Carvalho, Senator Alessandro Vieira, Senator Luis Carlos Heinze, Senator Zequinha Marinho.[476]

Renan Calheiros was initially blocked by Justice from being part of the commission, when judge Charles Renaud Frazão de Morais agreed with Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli,[477] but he still became the rapporteur. Calheiros is father of Alagoas’ governor, Renan Calheiros Filho, reason why the lawyer Hazenclever Lopes Cançado wanted to block him and Senator Jader Barbalho (father of Helder Barbalho, Pará's governor) from participating at the commission.[478] Calheiros also declared himself partial to being rapporteur at the commission, in matters involving the State of Alagoas, on his Twitter account.[479]

On May 5, Chamber of Deputies’ president Deputy Arthur Lira authorized the creation of a commission to analyze Deputy Bia Kicis’ proposal of amendment to the Constitution (“Proposta de Emenda Constitucional” - PEC), that institutes ballot voting in Brazil.[2] The commission already formed a majority to approve the proposal, and the PEC must go forward at the Chamber.[487]

Street vendors saw their sales increase during pro-government protests, while decreasing in anti-government ones.[488]