Apostille Convention

The Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, the Apostille Convention, or the Apostille Treaty, is an international treaty drafted by the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH). It specifies the modalities through which an official seal (e.g., notary public) on a document, issued in one of the contracting states, can be certified for legal purposes in all the other contracting states. A certification under the terms of the convention is called an apostille (from Latin post illa and then French: a marginal note) or Hague apostille.[2] It is an international certification comparable to a notarisation in domestic law, and normally supplements a local notarisation of the document. If the convention applies between two countries, such an apostille is sufficient to certify a document's validity, and removes the need for double-certification, by the originating country and then by the receiving country.

"Apostille" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Apostle or Apostil.

Apostille Convention
Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents
  In force
  Ratified but not yet in force
Signed5 October 1961 (1961-10-05)
LocationHague, Netherlands
Effective24 January 1965
ConditionRatification by 3 signatories[1]
Parties121
DepositaryMinistry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)
LanguagesFrench (prevailing in case of divergence)
and English
Full text
Apostille Convention at Wikisource

Procedure

Apostilles are affixed by Competent Authorities designated by the government of a state which is party to the convention.[3] A list of these authorities is maintained by the Hague Conference on Private International Law. Examples of designated authorities are embassies, ministries, courts or local governments. For example, in the United States, the Secretary of State of each state and their deputies are usually competent authorities. In the United Kingdom all apostilles are issued by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in Milton Keynes.[4]

To be eligible for an apostille, a document must first be issued or certified by an officer recognised by the authority that will issue the apostille. For example, in the U.S. state of Vermont, the Secretary of State maintains specimen signatures of all notaries public, so documents that have been notarised are eligible for apostilles.[5] Likewise, courts in the Netherlands are eligible to place an apostille on all municipal civil status documents directly. In some cases, intermediate certifications may be required in the country in which the document originates before it is eligible for an apostille. For example, in New York City, the Office of Vital Records (which issues, among other things, birth certificates) is not directly recognised by the New York Secretary of State.[6] As a consequence, the signature of the City Clerk must be certified by the County Clerk of New York County to make the birth certificate eligible for an apostille.[7][8] In Japan all official documents are issued in Japanese; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan can then provide an apostille for these documents.[9] In India the apostille certification can be obtained from the Ministry of External Affairs[10] in New Delhi, after authentication by the administration of the Indian state where the document was issued (for educational documents).

Cost

The fee for issuing an apostille varies widely by country. In 2016, the HCCH compiled fees of 54 countries and calculated an average of 15.43 EUR.[11] Some countries, such as France and Japan, do not charge a fee,[12][13] while Australia charges 85 AUD,[14] one of the highest. In some countries, the fee also varies by location, authority, quantity, purpose or type of document. For example, in the United States, Indiana does not charge a fee for an apostille of a birth certificate,[15] while Connecticut charges 40 USD for an apostille not related to adoption.[16]

Information
An apostille issued by the Norwegian government

The apostille itself is a stamp or printed form consisting of ten numbered standard fields. At the top is the text Apostille, under which the text Convention de La Haye du 5 octobre 1961 (French for "Hague Convention of 5 October 1961") is placed. This title must be written in French for the apostille to be valid (article 4 of the convention). In the numbered fields, the following information is added, which may be in the official language of the authority that issues it or in a second language:

  1. Country ... [e.g. Hong Kong, China]
    This public document
  2. has been signed by [e.g. Henry CHO]
  3. acting in the capacity of [e.g. Notary Public]
  4. bears the seal/stamp of [e.g. High Court of Hong Kong]
    Certified
  5. at [either the authority giving the apostille or municipality, e.g. High Court]
  6. the ... [e.g. 16 April 2014]
  7. by ... [e.g. Louis TANG, Registrar, High Court]
  8. No ... [e.g. 2536218517]
  9. Seal/stamp ... [of the authority giving the apostille e.g. Emblem of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]
  10. Signature [of the official giving the apostille]

The information can be placed on the document itself, on the back of the document, or attached to the document as an allonge.

Eligible documents

Four types of documents are mentioned in the convention:[1]

  • court documents
  • administrative documents (e.g. civil status documents)
  • notarial acts
  • official certificates which are placed on documents signed by persons in their private capacity, such as official certificates recording the registration of a document or the fact that it was in existence on a certain date and official and notarial authentications of signatures.

Legalization
Main article: Legalization (international law)

A state that has not signed the convention must specify how foreign legal documents can be certified for its use. Two countries may have a special convention on the recognition of each other's public documents, but in practice this is infrequent. Otherwise, the document must be certified by the foreign ministry of the country in which the document originated, and then by the foreign ministry of the government of the state in which the document will be used; one of the certifications will often be performed at an embassy or consulate. In practice this means the document must be certified twice before it can have legal effect in the receiving country. For example, as Canada is not a signatory, Canadian documents for use abroad must be certified by the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in Ottawa or by a Canadian consular official abroad, and subsequently by the relevant government office or consulate of the receiving state.[17]

Apostille vs. Legalization

List of contracting states

As of October 2021, 121 states are contracting states of the Apostille Convention.[18]

The convention is in force between all contracting states, unless an existing party objects to the accession of a new state. In that case the convention enters into force for the new state, except between the new state and the objecting state(s).

State partySignedDepositedEntered into force
 Albania[lower-alpha 1]—3 September 20039 May 2004
 Andorra—15 April 199631 December 1996
 Antigua and Barbuda[lower-alpha 2]—1 May 19851 November 1981
 Argentina[lower-alpha 3]—8 May 198718 February 1988
 Armenia—19 November 199314 August 1994
 Australia[lower-alpha 4]—11 July 199416 March 1995
 Austria[lower-alpha 5]5 October 196114 November 196713 January 1968
 Azerbaijan[lower-alpha 6]—13 May 20042 March 2005
 Bahamas[lower-alpha 2]—30 April 197610 July 1973
 Bahrain—10 April 201331 December 2013
 Barbados[lower-alpha 2]—11 August 199530 November 1966
 Belarus[lower-alpha 7]—16 June 199231 May 1992
 Belgium10 March 197011 December 19759 February 1976
 Belize—17 July 199211 April 1993
 Bolivia—6 September 20177 May 2018
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[lower-alpha 8]—23 August 19936 March 1992
 Botswana[lower-alpha 2]—16 September 196830 September 1966
 Brazil—2 December 201514 August 2016
 Brunei[lower-alpha 9]—23 February 19873 December 1987
 Bulgaria—1 August 200029 April 2001
 Burundi[lower-alpha 10]—10 June 201413 February 2015
 Cape Verde[lower-alpha 11]—7 May 200913 February 2010
 Chile—16 December 201530 August 2016
 China[lower-alpha 12]———
 Colombia—27 April 200030 January 2001
 Cook Islands—13 July 200430 April 2005
 Costa Rica—6 April 201114 December 2011
 Croatia[lower-alpha 8]—23 April 19938 October 1991
 Cyprus—26 July 197230 April 1973
 Czech Republic—23 June 199816 March 1999
 Denmark[lower-alpha 13]20 October 200630 October 200629 December 2006
 Dominica[lower-alpha 2]—22 October 20023 November 1978
 Dominican Republic[lower-alpha 14]—12 December 200830 August 2009
 Ecuador—2 July 20042 April 2005
 El Salvador—14 September 199531 May 1996
 Estonia[lower-alpha 5]—11 December 200030 September 2001
 Eswatini[lower-alpha 2]—3 July 19786 September 1968
 Fiji[lower-alpha 2]—29 March 197110 October 1970
 Finland[lower-alpha 5]13 March 196227 June 198526 August 1985
 France[lower-alpha 15]9 October 196125 November 196424 January 1965
 Georgia[lower-alpha 16]—21 August 200614 May 2007
 Germany[lower-alpha 17]5 October 196115 December 196513 February 1966
 Greece5 October 196119 March 198518 May 1985
 Grenada[lower-alpha 9]—17 July 20017 April 2002
 Guatemala—19 January 201718 September 2017
 Guyana[lower-alpha 9]—30 July 201818 April 2019
 Honduras—20 January 200430 September 2004
 Hungary—18 April 197218 January 1973
 Iceland7 September 200428 September 200427 November 2004
 India[lower-alpha 18]—26 October 200414 July 2005
 Indonesia—5 October 20214 June 2022
 Ireland29 October 19968 January 19999 March 1999
 Israel—11 November 197714 August 1978
 Italy15 December 196113 December 197711 February 1978
 Jamaica—2 November 20203 July 2021
 Japan12 March 197028 May 197027 July 1970
 Kazakhstan—5 April 200030 January 2001
 Kosovo[lower-alpha 19]—6 November 201514 July 2016
 Kyrgyzstan[lower-alpha 20]—15 November 201031 July 2011
 Latvia[lower-alpha 5]—11 May 199530 January 1996
 Lesotho[lower-alpha 2]—24 April 19724 October 1966
 Liberia[lower-alpha 21]—24 May 19958 February 1996
 Liechtenstein18 April 196219 July 197217 September 1972
 Lithuania[lower-alpha 5]—5 November 199619 July 1997
 Luxembourg5 October 19614 April 19793 June 1979
 Malawi—24 February 19672 December 1967
 Malta—12 June 19673 March 1968
 Marshall Islands—18 November 199114 August 1992
 Mauritius[lower-alpha 2]—20 December 196812 March 1968
 Mexico—1 December 199414 August 1995
 Moldova[lower-alpha 22]—19 June 200616 March 2007
 Monaco—24 April 200231 December 2002
 Mongolia[lower-alpha 23]—2 April 200931 December 2009
 Montenegro[lower-alpha 8]—30 January 20073 June 2006
 Morocco[lower-alpha 24]—27 November 201514 August 2016
 Namibia—25 April 200030 January 2001
 Netherlands[lower-alpha 25]30 November 19629 August 19658 October 1965
 New Zealand[lower-alpha 26]—7 February 200122 November 2001
 Nicaragua—7 September 201214 May 2013
 Niue—10 June 19982 March 1999
 North Macedonia[lower-alpha 8]—20 September 199317 November 1991
 Norway30 May 198330 May 198329 July 1983
 Oman—12 May 201130 January 2012
 Palau—17 October 201923 June 2020
 Panama—30 October 19904 August 1991
 Paraguay[lower-alpha 27]—10 December 201330 August 2014
 Peru[lower-alpha 28]—13 January 201030 September 2010
 Philippines[lower-alpha 29]—12 September 201814 May 2019
 Poland[lower-alpha 5]—19 November 200414 August 2005
 Portugal[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 5]20 August 19656 December 19684 February 1969
 Romania[lower-alpha 5]—7 June 200016 March 2001
 Russia[lower-alpha 30]—4 September 199131 May 1992
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[lower-alpha 9]—26 February 199414 December 1994
 Saint Lucia[lower-alpha 9]—5 December 200131 July 2002
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[lower-alpha 2]—2 May 200227 October 1979
 Samoa—18 January 199913 September 1999
 San Marino—26 May 199413 February 1995
 São Tomé and Príncipe[lower-alpha 11]—19 December 200713 September 2008
 Serbia[lower-alpha 8]—26 April 200127 April 1992
 Seychelles—9 June 197831 March 1979
 Singapore—18 January 202116 September 2021
 Slovakia—6 June 200118 February 2002
 Slovenia[lower-alpha 8]—8 June 199225 June 1991
 South Africa—3 August 199430 April 1995
 South Korea—25 October 200614 July 2007
 Spain21 October 197627 July 197825 September 1978
 Suriname[lower-alpha 31]—29 October 197625 November 1975
 Sweden2 March 19992 March 19991 May 1999
  Switzerland5 October 196110 January 197311 March 1973
 Tajikistan[lower-alpha 32]—20 February 201531 October 2015
 Tonga[lower-alpha 2]—28 October 19714 June 1970
 Trinidad and Tobago—28 October 199914 July 2000
 Tunisia[lower-alpha 33]—10 July 201730 March 2018
 Turkey8 May 196231 July 198529 September 1985
 Ukraine[lower-alpha 34][lower-alpha 5]—2 April 200322 December 2003
 United Kingdom[lower-alpha 35][lower-alpha 12]19 October 196121 August 196424 January 1965
 United States[lower-alpha 36]—24 December 198015 October 1981
 Uruguay—9 February 201214 October 2012
 Uzbekistan[lower-alpha 37]—25 July 201115 April 2012
 Vanuatu[lower-alpha 38]—1 August 200830 July 1980
 Venezuela—1 July 199816 March 1999

Notes
  1. The convention entered into force between Albania and the following contracting states on different dates: Belgium on 21 December 2015, Germany on 9 December 2016, Greece on 26 February 2018, Italy on 26 May 2011, and Spain on 7 February 2017.[19]
  2. The United Kingdom extended the convention to the predecessor of this country effective 25 April 1965. Following its independence, the country declared itself to continue to be bound by the convention.[20]
  3. Argentina objected to the extension of the convention by the United Kingdom to the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and the British Antarctic Territory.[21]
  4. Australia extended the convention to all of its territories upon its accession.[22]
  5. Austria, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Ukraine declared that they would not accept documents issued under the convention by the Russian authorities in Crimea and Sevastopol.[59][60][61][62][63][64][53][65][66] Poland and Ukraine also declared that they would not accept documents issued by the authorities of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics.[64][66]
  6. The convention is not in force between Azerbaijan and Germany. The convention entered into force between Azerbaijan and the following contracting states on different dates: Hungary on 10 March 2005, and the Netherlands on 10 August 2010.[23]
  7. Belarus declared itself bound by the convention as one of the successor states of the Soviet Union.[24]
  8. Yugoslavia signed the convention on 5 October 1961, ratified it on 25 September 1962, and it entered into force for Yugoslavia on 24 January 1965.[25] Following its dissolution, the successor states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Slovenia declared themselves bound by the convention.[26][27][28][29][30] Following the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro, the continuator state of Serbia and the successor state of Montenegro declared themselves bound by the convention.[31]
  9. The United Kingdom extended the convention to the predecessor of this country effective 25 April 1965. Following its independence, the country did not declare to continue to be bound by the convention, but acceded to the convention at a later date.[20]
  10. The convention is not in force between Burundi and the following contracting states: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland.[32]
  11. Portugal extended the convention to all of its external territories on 21 December 1969.[53] These territories included the predecessors of Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe, which did not declare to continue to be bound by the convention following their independence but acceded to the convention at a later date, and of Angola, East Timor, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, which have not declared to be bound to the convention following their independence or acceded to the convention.[25]
  12. The convention is only in force for China in Hong Kong and Macau. The United Kingdom extended the convention to Hong Kong on 25 April 1965, and Portugal extended the convention to Macau on 21 December 1969.[25] China declared that the convention would continue to be in force for both territories following their respective transfer to China.[33]
  13. Denmark extended the convention to the Faroe Islands effective 13 December 2021.[34] It has not extended the convention to Greenland.[35]
  14. The convention is not in force between the Dominican Republic and the following contracting states: Austria and Germany. The convention entered into force between the Dominican Republic and the following contracting states on different dates: Belgium on 8 March 2019, and the Netherlands on 3 November 2017.[36]
  15. France extended the convention to all of its territories upon its ratification.[37] These territories included the predecessors of Comoros and Djibouti, which have not declared to be bound to the convention following their independence or acceded to the convention.[25]
  16. The convention entered into force between Georgia and the following contracting states on different dates: Germany on 3 February 2010, and Greece on 17 December 2015.[38] The convention does not apply to documents issued by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[39]
  17. Germany ratified the convention as West Germany. Following its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990, it declared that the convention applied to the entire territory of Germany.[40]
  18. The convention is not in force between India and Germany. The convention entered into force between India and the following contracting states on different dates: Belgium on 9 January 2008, Finland on 5 October 2009, the Netherlands on 16 September 2008, and Spain on 12 February 2008.[41]
  19. The convention is not in force between Kosovo and the following contracting states: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Chile, China, Cyprus, Ecuador, Georgia, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Namibia, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela.[42]
  20. The convention is not in force between Kyrgyzstan and the following contracting states: Austria, Belgium, Germany, and Greece.[43]
  21. The convention is not in force between Liberia and the following contracting states: Belgium and Germany. The convention entered into force between Liberia and the United States on 20 May 2015.[44]
  22. The convention is not in force between Moldova and Germany.[45]
  23. The convention is not in force between Mongolia and the following contracting states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, and Greece.[46]
  24. The convention is not in force between Morocco and Germany.[47]
  25. Dates are for the European part. The convention was extended to the Netherlands Antilles (predecessor of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, as well as Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba) from 30 April 1967.[25]
  26. New Zealand has not extended the convention to Tokelau.[48]
  27. The convention is not in force between Paraguay and Germany.[49]
  28. The convention is not in force between Peru and Greece. The convention entered into force between Peru and Germany on 1 January 2014.[50]
  29. The convention is not in force between the Philippines and the following contracting states: Austria, Finland, Germany, and Greece.[51] The Philippines declared that its accession would not apply to contracting parties that it does not recognize as states,[52] which is the case of Kosovo.
  30. Russia declared itself bound by the convention as the continuator of the Soviet Union.[54]
  31. The Netherlands extended the convention to Suriname on 16 May 1967. Following its independence, Suriname declared itself to continue to be bound by the convention.[55]
  32. The convention is not in force between Tajikistan and the following contracting states: Austria, Belgium, and Germany.[56]
  33. The convention is not in force between Tunisia and the following contracting states: Austria, Belgium, Germany, and Greece.[57]
  34. The convention entered into force between Ukraine and the following contracting states on different dates: Belgium on 5 July 2004 and Germany on 22 July 2010.[58]
  35. The United Kingdom extended the convention, effective 24 January 1965, to the Crown dependencies of Guernsey, Isle of Man and Jersey, and effective 25 April 1965, to the British Overseas Territories of Anguilla, Bermuda, British Antarctic Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (including the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which later became a separate territory and continued to apply the convention[67]), Gibraltar, Montserrat, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and Turks and Caicos Islands,[68] as well as to the predecessors of several countries. These countries declared themselves to continue to be bound to the convention following their independence or later acceded to the convention, except for Kiribati (gained independence on 12 July 1979), the Solomon Islands (7 July 1978), Tuvalu (1 October 1978), and Zimbabwe (18 April 1980).[20]
  36. The United States has not declared territorial extensions but it has designated competent authorities in all of its permanently inhabited territories.[69]
  37. The convention is not in force between Uzbekistan and the following contracting states: Austria, Belgium, Germany, and Greece.[70]
  38. France and the United Kingdom extended the convention to the New Hebrides effective 15 February 1966. Following its independence, Vanuatu declared itself to continue to be bound by the convention.[37][71]

Abuse

The apostille does not give information regarding the quality of the content in the underlying document but certifies the signature (and the capacity of who placed it) and correctness of the seal/stamp on the document which must be certified. In 2005, the Hague Conference surveyed its members and produced a report in December 2008 which expressed serious concerns about diplomas and degree certificates issued by diploma mills. The possible abuse of the system was highlighted: "Particularly troubling is the possible use of diploma mill qualifications to circumvent migration controls, possibly by potential terrorists." (page 5) The risk comes from the fact that the various government stamps give the document an air of authenticity without anyone having checked the underlying document. "An official looking certificate may be issued to a copy of a diploma mill qualification, and then subsequently issued with an apostille, without anyone having ever verified the signature on, let alone the contents of, the diploma." (page 7) Further member states indicated "they would be obliged to issue an apostille for certification of a certified copy of a diploma issued by a diploma mill". (page 15) The evaluation commission of the Hague Conference expressed concern as to whether this issue could affect the entire convention. "... the apostille does not 'look through the certification' and does not relate to the diploma itself ... There is a clear risk that such practices may eventually undermine the effectiveness and therefore the successful operation of the apostille Convention". (page 5)[72]

In February 2009, the Hague Conference recommended to amend the wording on the apostille to make it clear that only the seal and the signature were authenticated. The wording to be added is:

This apostille only certifies the signature, the capacity of the signer and the seal or stamp it bears. It does not certify the content of the document for which it was issued."[2]

Validity

Technically, an apostille never expires once issued. However, there are some factors which may render an apostilled document unusable in certain situations. A document or certificate with an apostille acquired outside of the convention may need to be re-processed before use. For example, for a work permit in China, the apostille on documentation must have been issued within the past six months in order to be valid for the application.[73]

Further stages of legalisation

Some Apostille Convention member states require additional stages after an apostille, dependent on use. For marriage in Greece, for example, a translation of the apostilled documents is required, which must be verified at a Greek consulate[74] before the documents can be presented for the marriage licence in-country. It's advisable to confirm the requirements in each and every case.

See also

References
  1. "12: Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents". Hague Conference on Private International Law. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  2. Permanent Bureau (February 2009). "Conclusions and Recommendations of the Special Commission on the Practical Operation of the Hague Apostille, Service, Taking of Evidence, and Access to Justice Conventions" (PDF). Hague Conference on Private International Law. p. 13.
  3. "ABCs of Apostilles p. 13" (PDF). Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  4. "United Kingdom, Competent Authorities". Hague Conference on Private International Law. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  5. Authentication Archived 30 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine 2009
  6. Birth certificate application Archived 4 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine 2010
  7. Crampton 2007
  8. Apostiles Archived 24 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine n.d.
  9. Apostille, MOFA Japan (website in Japanese)
  10. MEA, India Legalisation of Documents.
  11. Overview of apostille fees, Hague Conference on Private International Law, October 2016.
  12. Legalization or apostille of a French document for a foreign authority, Ministry of the Interior of France, 3 September 2021 (in French).
  13. Certification, Frequently Asked Questions, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 22 June 2020.
  14. Notarial services (legalising documents) in Australia, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
  15. Authentications: Apostilles & Certifications, Government of Indiana.
  16. Document Authentication and Apostille, Connecticut Secretary of State.
  17. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Canada
  18. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Status Table". HCCH. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  19. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Albania Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  20. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: United Kingdom Declarations". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  21. Declarations by Argentina, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  22. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Australia Declaration". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  23. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Azerbaijan Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  24. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Belarus Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  25. "Convention abolishing the requirement of legalisation for foreign public documents: Treaty data". Treaty database of the Netherlands. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  26. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Bosnia and Herzegovina Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  27. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Croatia Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  28. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: North Macedonia Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  29. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Serbia Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  30. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Slovenia Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  31. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Montenegro Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  32. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Burundi Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  33. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: China Continuation". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  34. Extensions by Denmark, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  35. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Denmark Declarations". HCCH. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  36. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Dominican Republic Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  37. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: France Declarations". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  38. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Georgia Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  39. Declarations by Georgia, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  40. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Germany Declarations/Notifications". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  41. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: India Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  42. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Kosovo Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  43. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Kyrgyzstan Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  44. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Liberia Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  45. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Moldova Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  46. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Mongolia Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  47. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Morocco Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  48. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: New Zealand Declarations". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  49. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Paraguay Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  50. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Peru Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  51. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Philippines Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  52. Declarations by the Philippines, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  53. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Portugal Declarations". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  54. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Russia Declarations/Notifications". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  55. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Suriname Succession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
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  57. "Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents: Tunisia Accession". HCCH. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
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  63. Declarations by Lithuania, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  64. Declarations by Poland, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
  65. Declarations by Romania, Convention of 5 October 1961 Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law.
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  74. Consular notarisations for Greece
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