Black-and-tan faction

The black-and-tan faction was a faction in the Republican Party in the South from the 1870s to the 1960s. It replaced the Negro Republican Party faction's name after the 1890s.

Southern Republicans were divided into two factions: the lily-white faction, which was practically all-white, and the biracial black-and-tan faction. The former was strongest in heavily white counties.[1] The final victory of its opponent, the lily-white faction, came in 1964.[2]

History

The black-and-tan faction was biracial. It sought to include most African-American voters within the party. They often took a prominent part in the national conventions of the Republican party. One reason for the continuance of the black-and-tan faction was its effect in holding the African-American Republican vote in northern states. The black-and-tans predominated in counties with a large black population, the whites in these counties being usually Democrats. The lily-whites were mostly found in the counties where fewer blacks lived.

During the 1952 United States presidential election, the black-and-tan Republican delegations in the Republican National Convention that year supported the nomination of conservative U.S. senator Robert A. Taft over Dwight Eisenhower.[3] This included the Mississippi delegation led by Perry Wilbon Howard II.

The factionalism flared up in 1928[4] and 1952.[5] The surviving Black-and-tan factions lost heavily in 1964 with the nomination of Barry Goldwater for President and practically vanished.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Black and Tan Republicans" in Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin and Albert Bushnell Hart, eds. Cyclopedia of American Government (1914) . p. 133. online
  2. Joseph Crespino (2007). In Search of Another Country: Mississippi and the Conservative Counterrevolution. Princeton UP. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0691122090.
  3. Rothbard, Murray N. (June 21, 2011). Swan Song of the Old Right. Mises Institute. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  4. Lisio, Donald J. (2012). Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-Whites: A Study of Southern Strategies. U North Carolina Press. p. 37ff. ISBN 9780807874219.
  5. Marty Cohen; et al. (2009). The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform. p. 118. ISBN 9780226112381.
  6. Robert David Johnson (2009). All the Way with LBJ: The 1964 Presidential Election. p. 84. ISBN 9780521737524.

Further reading
  • Vincent P. De Santis "The Republican Party and the Southern Negro, 1877-1897." Journal of Negro History 45#2 (1960): 71-87. in JSTOR
  • Vincent P. De Santis Republicans face the southern question: The new departure years, 1877-1897, Johns Hopkins Press (1959).
  • Richard L. Hume and Jerry B. Gough. Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction (LSU Press, 2008); statistical classification of delegates.
  • Jeffery A. Jenkins and Boris Heersink. "Republican Party Politics and the American South: From Reconstruction to Redemption, 1865-1880." (2016 paper t the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association); online.
  • Lisio, Donald J. Hoover, Blacks, and Lily-Whites: A Study of Southern Strategies (UNC Press Books, 2012). online
  • Walton, Hanes. Black Republicans: The politics of the black and tans (Scarecrow Press, 1975).
  • Walton, Hanes, Sherman C. Puckett, and Donald R. Deskins. The African American electorate: A statistical history (CQ Press, 2012).
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