Brides of ISIL

Beginning in 2012, dozens of girls and women traveled to Iraq and Syria to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), becoming brides of ISIL fighters. While some traveled willingly, others were brought to Iraq and Syria as minors by their parents or family.[1][2]

Many of those women subsequently acquired high public profiles, either through their efforts to recruit more volunteers, when they died or because they recanted and wished to return to their home countries. Commentators have noted that it will be hard to differentiate between the women who played an active role in atrocities and those who were stay-at-home housewives.[3]

Women who travelled or attempted to travel to Iraq or Syria to become an ISIL bride
NameBirth
year		Date of joiningStatusHome
country		Notes
Fauzia Khamal Bacha2014Dead (before 2019) Singapore
  • Travelled from Melbourne, Australia to Syria, with her husband and four children, in 2014.[4][5][6][7]
  • Bacha, her husband Yasin Rizvic, and their eldest son, were killed in Syria.[4][5][6][7]
  • Their three surviving children, aged 6 to 12, and all Australian citizens, were repatriated on June 24, 2019.[4][5][6][7]
Emilie Konig19842012Held in Roj refugee camp since late 2017[8]  France
  • Was the subject of a 2012 documentary.[9]
  • Claims joining ISIS "wrecked her life"
  • Wants to return to France[8]
Aqsa Mahmood19942013Dead (before 2019) United Kingdom
Daniela Greene19802014Returned to the United States in 2014 United States
  • Greene, a contract linguist with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, had been assigned to communicate with Denis Cuspert, a German ISIL recruiter, as part of a covert investigation of his activities.[13][14][15] During these conversations, Greene fell in love with Cuspert and travelled to occupied Syria to marry him.[14][16] Greene later fled Syria after two months, abandoning her husband and Daesh. Upon return to the United States, she was charged with lying to the FBI, later serving a two-year sentence.
Hoda Muthana19942014Held in the Al Hawl Camp since 2019  United States
  • Born in America to Yemeni diplomats
  • Started making inflammatory tweets after her first husband was killed in action.[17]
  • Burned her American passport upon arriving in Syria[18]
  • Holds Yemeni citizenship after a US Supreme Court ruled she does not have American citizenship[19]
  • Escaped ISIS with her infant son, surrendered to American troops
Minera Khatun 1962 2015 Died of natural causes (before 2019)  United Kingdom
  • Travelled to Syria with her family of 12 and elderly husband
  • IS released a statement on behalf of the family claiming they'd "never felt safer"[20]
  • Three sons killed while fighting for Islamic State
  • Remaining family members killed in an airstrike in Baghouz[21]
Sheida Khanam 1988 2015 Died in an airstrike in Baghouz in 2019  United Kingdom
  • Travelled to Syria with her family of 12
  • IS released a statement on behalf of the family claiming they'd "never felt safer"[20]
  • Killed along with the rest of her family members in an airstrike in Baghouz[21]
Roshanara Begum 1991 2015 Died in an airstrike in Baghouz in 2019  United Kingdom
  • Travelled to Syria with her family of 12
  • IS released a statement on behalf of the family claiming they'd "never felt safer"[20]
  • Killed along with the rest of her family members in an airstrike in Baghouz[21]
Rajia Khanom 1994 2015 Died in an airstrike in Baghouz in 2019  United Kingdom
  • Travelled to Syria with her family of 12
  • IS released a statement on behalf of the family claiming they'd "never felt safer"[20]
  • Killed along with the rest of her family members in an airstrike in Baghouz[21]
Deqo Osman 1997 2015 Unknown  United Kingdom
  • Travelled to Turkey with three friends and her husband
  • Crossed into Syria with her husband and two of her travelling partners
  • Believed to still be in Syria[22]
Zohura Siddeka 1987 2014 Unknown  United Kingdom
  • Gave birth twice, first child died[23]
  • Part of a large group from Walsall who were recruited by IS


Grace 'Khadijah' Dare

 1990 2012 Unknown, last confirmed alive in 2016[24]  United Kingdom
  • Bought up a Christian, converted to Islam [25]
  • Married a Swedish fighter named Abu Bakr, who has since believed to have been killed
  • Travelled to Syria with her 4 year old son, Isa
Salma Halane19982014Unknown whereabouts, but believed to still be alive United Kingdom
  • Born to Somali refugees in Denmark, then moved to Manchester, UK
  • Twin sister of Zahra Halane, active in recruiting more volunteers after her arrival in Daesh territory.[26]
  • Married an unknown fighter before being widowed[27]
  • Son reportedly killed in fighting at Baghouz
Zahra Halane19982014Held in the Roj refugee camp since 2020 United Kingdom
  • Born to Somali refugees in Denmark, then moved to Manchester, UK
  • Twin sister of Salma Halane, active in recruiting more volunteers after her arrival in Daesh territory.[26]
  • Married an unknown fighter before being widowed[28]
  • Has a 5-6 year old son
  • Attempted to escape Al Hol camp in 2020[29]
Tara Nettleton19832013Died in 2015 from appendix surgery complications Australia
  • Was able to travel to Daesh territory with her husband, Khaled Sharrouf, even though his passport had been cancelled due to an earlier conviction for terrorism.[26] The couple brought their five children with them. Sharrouf and two of their five children died from the same drone attack in 2017.
Zaynab Sharrouf20012013Repatriated to Australia in 2019 Australia
  • Brought to Daesh territory by her parents Tara Nettleton and Khaled Sharrouf at the age of thirteen,[26] at which age she was married to Mohammed Elomar, a jihadi fighter and her father's best friend.[30] On June 24, 2019, it was reported she had been repatriated to Australia, also rescued with her two children, age 2 and 3.[31]
  • Later gave birth in 2019 to a child fathered by her second husband, his fate is unknown[32]
Zehra Duman19932014Held in al-Hawl camp since 2019  Australia
  • Left Australia to marry Mahmoud Abdullatif, a Melbourne-born ISIS fighter
  • Served as a recruiter following her arrival in Daesh territory.[26]
  • Australian citizenship revoked in 2019, believed to hold Turkish citizenship[33]
  • Has two children, born in Syria in 2016 and 2018
Shams / Umm al Baraa / Bird of Jannah19882014Unknown, last social media update in 2015 Malaysia
  • Shams was a medical doctor.[26]
  • Married an ISIS fighter called Abu al-Baraa in 2014
  • Gave birth in 2015
  • Published poetry, ran Twitter, Facebook and Tumblr accounts
Kimberly Gwen Polman1972/3 2015 Held in the Al Hawl Camp since 2019  Canada/ United States
  • Studied legal administration in Canada before leaving for ISIS
  • Was told by the man she went on to marry, Abu Aymen, that her nursing skills were needed in the caliphate.
  • Burned American passport upon entering Syria[34]
  • Describes first trying to defect after being in Daesh for a year, only to be captured, imprisoned, tortured, and raped.[35]
  • Attempted to escape in 2016, but was captured and imprisoned in Raqqa
Reema Iqbal19902013Held in Roj camp United Kingdom
  • Married an ISIS fighter, Celso Da Costa[36]
  • "The security services came to speak to me and I was honest, I told them my whole story so now it's up to them to judge."[2]
  • Believed to have Pakistani citizenship[37]
  • Stripped of UK citizenship in early March, 2019.[38][39][40][41]
Zara Iqbal19922013Held in an unknown refugee camp United Kingdom
  • Husband killed on an unspecified date[42]
  • Stripped of UK citizenship in early March, 2019.[38][39][40][41]
  • Children believed to have British citizenship
Natalie Bracht2013Returned to Germany, before being repatriated to the United Kingdom in 2020 United Kingdom
  • Holds joint British and German citizenship
  • Reported to have been an associate of Zara Iqbal, Reema Iqbal, Natalie Bracht, and Ruzina Khanam.[40][43]
  • Reportedly has nine children
  • Claims to have never been to Syria[44]
  • Currently lives in a squat near Heathrow, UK. Arrested in 2020 for taking part in an Extinction Rebellion protest[45]
Ruzina Khanam19922013Missing, last confirmed alive in Raqqa in 2019[46] United Kingdom
  • Joined ISIL to marry Fabio Pocas, who produced and released execution videos
  • Took her one year old daughter, Noor
  • Reported to have been an associate of Zara Iqbal, Reema Iqbal, Natalie Bracht, and Maylbongwe Sibanda.[40][43]
Maylbongwe Sibanda2013Unknown United Kingdom
  • Daughter of a Christian nurse
  • Reported to have been an associate of Zara Iqbal, Reema Iqbal, Ruzina Khanam, and Natalie Bracht.[40][43]
Khadija Bibi Dawood 1985 2015 Unknown  United Kingdom
  • Travelled with her two sisters to Syria to join their fighter brother[47]
  • Left husband behind in Bradford, UK [48]
  • Took her two children, aged 5 and 7, with her to Syria
Sugra Dawood 1981 2015 Unknown  United Kingdom
  • Travelled with her two sisters to Syria to join their fighter brother
  • Left husband behind in Bradford, UK [48]
  • Took her five children, aged between 15 and 3, with her to Syria
Zohra Dawood 1982 2015 Unknown  United Kingdom
  • Travelled with her two sisters to Syria to join their fighter brother
  • Left husband behind in Bradford, UK [48]
  • Took her two children, aged 5 and 8, with her to Syria
  • Contacted her family to inform them she was in Syria
Leonora Messing20002015Repatriated to Germany in December 2020 Germany
  • Reported to have wed a jihadi at just 15 years old.[43]
  • Asked her father to be smuggled out after six months, imprisoned twice by ISIL for attempting to escape[49]
  • Has two children by her German ISIL fighter husband
  • Released from pre-trial detention in 2021[50]
Hayat Boumeddiene19882015Missing since 2015, possibly being held in Al-Hawl refugee camp[51] France
  • Widow of Amedy Coulibaly
  • May have been killed in Syria, early in 2019.[52]
  • Convicted in absentia of financing terrorism and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment[53]
Shamima Begum19992015Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2019[54]  United Kingdom
  • Part of the Bethnal Green trio, a group of schoolgirls who joined ISIL[55][43]
  • Had British citizenship revoked in 2019, barred from re-entering the UK as a "national security risk"[56]
  • Had three children, all deceased[57]
  • Married a Dutch IS fighter upon entering Syria[58]
Amira Abase20012015Missing, last confirmed alive in Baghuz in 2019 United Kingdom
Kadiza Sultana20002015Died in an airstrike in Raqqa in 2016[2] United Kingdom
  • Part of the Bethnal Green trio, a group of schoolgirls who joined ISIL[55][43]
  • Believed to have married an American IS fighter before her death
  • Became disillusioned while living in Raqqa and was attempting to leave, but gave up on her attempts following the death of Samra Kesinovc.[61]
Nassima Begum19902012Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp United Kingdom
  • Said she had no choice when her husband insisted they move to an Islamic country.[62]
  • Brought her four children with her
Sharmeena Begum19992014Unknown whereabouts United Kingdom
  • Followed by the Bethnal Green trio two months after
  • Last confirmed alive two weeks after entering Syria[63]
  • In February 2019 she was described as "missing".[59]
Sally Jones19682013Killed by a drone strike in 2017[64] United Kingdom
  • Took one of her two sons (Jojo) to Syria and commonly used him as a human shield
  • Married to Junaid Hussain, a computer hacker working for ISIL[65]
  • Given the nickname "White Widow" following her husband's death in 2015
  • Regularly posted U.S servicemen's personal details on Twitter
  • "Reportedly placed on a special-forces 'kill list' after threatening Queen Elizabeth II".[66]
  • Killed while attempting to escape Raqqa[67]
Fatiha Mejjati19612014Believed to be hiding in Idlib as of 2020 Morocco
  • Formerly trained by Al-Qaeda[68]
  • Commanded "the Islamic State's Al-Khansaa Brigade, an all-female detachment that polices the group's strictures against wearing makeup or showing bare skin."[69]
  • Escaped Al-Hawl refugee camp in 2020[70]
Linda Wenzel20012016Captured in Mosul in 2017 Germany
  • Nicknamed the "Belle of Mosul"[71]
  • Joined ISIL at the age of 15, married to a fighter who was later killed
  • Reportedly served as a sniper[72]
  • Believed to have been part of the Al-Khansaa Brigade[73]
"ISIL wife Sanna"19722014–2015Repatriated to Finland in 2020  Finland
  • A Finnish woman, called "ISIL wife Sanna" (Finnish: Isis-vaimo Sanna) by Finnish media, emigrated from Kotka, Finland, to an ISIL-controlled area in Syria with her Moroccan husband.
  • She had converted to Islam in 2004–2005, and she is accompanied by her four underage children, of whom the eldest, a daughter born in 2005–2006, was married in Syria.
  • During the fall of ISIL in 2019, Sanna was interviewed by CNN near the Iraqi border in eastern Syria. As of 6 March 2019, she was in a refugee camp and wanted to return to Finland.
  • After the interview was published on 6 March 2019, Sanna's story was widely covered by Finnish media, starting a public discussion in Finland on possible return of Finnish citizens who emigrated to the ISIL war zone in Iraq and Syria.
  • With the help of Finnish authorities, she later was returned from the al-Hawl refugee camp to Finland with four children with her. Also a Finnish-Somali woman returned to Finland with two of her children on the same flight.[74]
  • According to the Finnish Security Intelligence Service, some 80 identified Finnish citizens (of whom, about 20 are women and around 30 are children) have travelled to the area; about 20 of them had died and around 20 had returned by March 2019.[75][76][77] As of December 2020, 6 Finnish women and 21 children of the total of 11 women and about 30 children in the al-Hawl refugee camp have returned to Finland.[74]
Sabina Selimovic 1999 2014 Killed in unclear circumstances in 2014  Austria
  • Reported to be pregnant, married and living in Raqqa in 2014[78]
  • Reported to have died in 2014[79]
  • Two children sent to live with Selimovic's mother following her death
Samra Kesinovic 1997 2014 Killed after attempting to escape in 2015  Austria
  • Used as a sex slave upon entering Syria[80]
  • Reported to be pregnant, married and living in Raqqa in 2014[78]
  • Reported to have been beaten to death attempting to escape in 2015[81]
Shayma Assaad20002015Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2019 Australia
  • Aged 15 when brought to Syria by her parents supposedly to search for her brothers[82]
  • Married to another Australian IS fighter
  • Was pregnant when she made her way to the Al-Hawl refugee camp in 2019.[83]
Kirsty Rosse-Emile19952014Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2019 Australia
  • Brought to Syria by her "much older husband"[84]
  • Claims to have known very little, and stayed in her home
  • Present at Baghouz
  • Was pregnant when she made her way to the Al-Hawl refugee camp in 2019.[83] Later gave birth, and now has two children.
  • Made provocative social media posts.[85]
Janai Safar19962015Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2017 Australia
  • Unlike many other Brides, Safar does not want to be repatriated.[86][87]
  • Vowed "never to return" to Australia, as she did not want her son to grow up in a non-Islamic country [88]
  • Has denied that her husband was a senior Daesh official.
  • Her family disputes she professed continued support for Daesh.[89]
Aylam2015Believed to have been killed in "a bombing" Australia
  • Captured after escaping Raqqa, then exchanged and sent back to IS
  • Husband faces death penalty in Baghdad
  • Cousin and travelling companion to Janai Safar.[90]
Lisa Smith1981 2015 Returned to Ireland in 2019  Ireland
  • Formerly a soldier in the Irish army.[91]
  • Married four times
  • Irish security officials believe she was not an active member of Daesh and was no more than a sympathizer.[92]
  • Returned to Ireland and arrested for being a member of IS, set to go on trial in 2022[93]
Dullel Kassab19852014Killed in an airstrike in Syria before 2020 Australia
  • Her father says she only travelled to Daesh-occupied Syria to find out what happened to her late husband.[94] Her family claims that once she arrived in Daesh territory, she was forced into marriage with a jihadi fighter.
  • Once married to a jihadi fighter, she made social media posts that seemed to support the Daesh regime.[95]
  • She has criticied Daesh's inability to provide health care, including pre-natal and obstetrics care.[96]
  • Reportedly killed in an airstrike with her children at some point before 2020[97]
Nûh Suwaidi1995Currently on trial in Iraq Germany
  • Moved to ISIL territory with her husband, and bore three children there.[98]
  • Claims her husband made all their decisions, and did not know where they were living.[98]
  • Attempted to leave after her husband was killed, but could not access money or documentation[99]
  • Currently on trial, and may face the death penalty[100]
Nora Camali2015Held in an unknown Iraqi prison United Kingdom
  • Went to Syria with friends to "hunt a husband"[101]
  • Fell pregnant, husband died shortly after
  • Sentenced to life in prison, daughter sent to live with British relatives
Mariam Dabboussy19922015Held in Al-Roj camp since 2019  Australia
  • Dabboussy says her husband tricked her into traveling to the Turkish-Syrian border with a claim they were going to help one of his relatives escape Syria, only to force her to cross the border, at gunpoint.[102][89]
  • Had three children, forced to remarry twice after her first husband's death[103]
  • Attempted to escape twice, present at the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani[104]
Nesrine Zahab19942014Held in Al-Hawl refugee camp since 2017 Australia
  • Claims she was tricked into Daesh territory by her cousin when she thought she was merely delivering emergency food supplies to the border.[105]
  • Sent to a single woman's house and forced to marry[106]
  • Attempted to escape, but was caught and her husband placed on Iraqi death row[107]
Zara AhmedUnknown, held in Al-Hawl refugee camp Australia
  • Ahmed said refugee women who remain radicalized are murdering other camp occupants they see as apostates.[108]
Zahra AhmadUnknown whereabouts Australia
Amandine Le Coz19902014Repatriated to France by Turkey in 2019 France
  • Grew up in a Paris suburb
  • Joined ISIL with her husband[110]
  • Gave birth to a son in ISIL territory.[111]
Hafsa Sliti19882015Held in Al-Roj refugee camp since 2018 Belgium
  • Hafsa's father, Amor Sliti, took her mother, Hafsa, and her four younger siblings to Afghanistan, in 2000.[112] Her mother, Christine Volcke, fled, leaving Hafsa and her siblings with her father. Her father agreed to marry her to a member of the Taliban, when she was just 13 years old, and she bore him a child. After the American invasion of Afghanistan, in the fall of 2001, her husband ended up in the Guantanamo detention camp, and Hafsa, her father and her siblings ended up in an Iranian refugee camp. They were deported back to Belgium in February 2002. Hafsa and her siblings were put in the care of Volcke, her mother, while her father was tried and convicted of terrorism charges.
  • Her father was stripped of Belgian citizenship, and deported to Tunisia in 2010.[112] He traveled to the newly established Islamic State, Daesh, where he worked in the tax department. Hafsa joined him, in 2015. She married a jihadi fighter, and bore another child. She says that by 2017 she and her father had grown disillusioned with the brutality and corruption of the Daesh regime. She says they made three escape attempts, and that her father was shot and killed on the third attempt.
  • Hafsa says she is not a threat, and would prefer to be repatriated to Belgium, with her children, even if it meant serving a prison sentence.[112] She was given a five year sentence in Belgium, despite still being in Syria.[113]
Samantha Marie Elhassani19852014Repatriated to the United States in 2018, currently in prison United States
  • Known as Samantha Sally
  • Claims she was forced to go to Syria by her husband to protect her daughter and son[114]
  • Jailed within ISIS for three months for attempting to escape
  • Later went on to have two more children with her ISIL fighter husband
  • One of 27 Americans repatriated to face charges in the USA.[115] In 2020, she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison.[116]
Suhayra Aden19952014Repatriated to New Zealand in 2021. Australia/ New Zealand
  • Aden is a New Zealander and former dual Australian citizen who travelled to Syria in 2014 to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
  • She was later found in Al-Hawl refugee camp, expressing a desire to return to Australia[117]
  • Due to her ties to ISIL, she was stripped of her Australian citizenship in 2020, which created friction in Australia-New Zealand relations. [118]
  • In February 2021, she was detained by Turkish authorities while trying to enter the country with her two children.[119][120][121] The Turkish Government subsequently dropped charges against her and began proceedings to deport her.[122]
  • In late Jul 2021, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the New Zealand Government would repatriate Aden and her children on the basis of their New Zealand citizenship.[123] She and her children arrived in New Zealand on mid–August 2021.[124]
Shannon Maureen Conley 1996 2014 Released from prison in 2019  United States
  • Groomed at the age of 19 by ISIS members in Syria, fell in love with a Tunisian fighter
  • Converted to Islam and attempted to board a plane from Denver to Turkey
  • Captured by the FBI, sentenced to five years imprisonment[125]
Jaelyn Delshaun Young 1994 2015 Held in an American federal prison since 2016  United States

Statistics
ISIL brides per country
Country#[lower-alpha 1]
 United Kingdom15
 Australia13
 Germany4
 United States6
 France3
 Belgium1
 Canada1
 Finland1
 Ireland1
 Malaysia1
 Morocco1
 Singapore1
 New Zealand1
  1. Number of ISIL brides: (dual or multiple citizens are included in the count for each country of citizenship).

References
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  2. "IS teen's wish to return stirs UK debate over jihadi brides". France 24. London. 15 February 2019. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. The Times newspaper managed to find an unrepentant Begum – now 19 and about to give birth for the third time after seeing her first two children die – at a refugee camp in eastern Syria.
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