Girón Agreement

The objectives of the Peruvian general José de La Mar was to avoid the annexation of the northern provinces of Tumbes, Jaén and Maynas to Colombia, through a naval blockade and subsequent landing in the port of Guayaquil.

After the Battle of Tarqui, General José de La Mar signed the treaty on February 28 but did not vacate Guayaquil, arguing that he considered it humiliating that Sucre ordered a column to be erected on the battlefield that would read in gold letters the following:

The Peruvian army of eight thousand soldiers that invaded the land of their liberators was defeated by four thousand brave men from Colombia on February twenty-seven, eighteen-hundred and twenty-nine.[1]

La Mar protested in a letter addressed to Sucre from Gonzamaná and suspended the agreement until the insults were withdrawn, being willing to renew it if the errors indicated were corrected. Although Bolívar mockingly described them as "old-fashioned complaints," La Mar was willing to continue the war if the corresponding reparations were not made. Furthermore, he argued that the treaty had to be ratified by Congress for it to enter into force.

The treaty contained the following points:

1. The Peruvian Army must vacate all the territories of the state of Quito.

2. The removal of troops must take place on March 2, 1829 and end within the non-extendable period of 20 days.
3. In the definitive Treaty, which must be celebrated in Guayaquil, all the claims of Peru and Colombia will be resolved.
4. Guayaquil must be vacated, lifting the northern blockade.
5. For border issues, the principle of uti possidetis iure of 1810 will be taken as a basis.

In the end, the war had an abrupt end with the coup by General Agustín Gamarra to the government of President La Mar, who was exiled to Costa Rica. With La Mar overthrown, the way was paved for the celebration of peace between Peru and Greater Colombia. General Agustín Gamarra, already provisional president of Peru, gave instructions in this regard. Both parties signed the Piura Armistice on July 10, 1829, by which a 60-day armistice was agreed, as well as the return of Guayaquil to Gran Colombia and the suspension of the Peruvian blockade of the Pacific coast of Gran Colombia, among other agreements.[2]

Subsequently, the Peruvian and great Colombian delegates, José de Larrea y Loredo and Pedro Gual, met in Guayaquil. The first agreement they made was to extend the armistice, which had expired. In total they had six meetings, between September 16 and 22, 1829, the day the treaty was signed.[3]