Gunungan (wayang)

The gunungan (Javanese "mountain"), also known as kayon or kayonan (from kayu, "wood" or "tree") in Bali, is a figure in the Indonesian theatrical performance of wayang e.g. wayang kulit, wayang klitik, and wayang golek.

A typical Javanese gunungan with a depiction of entrance in the center and a Kala head in the upper-center image.

In Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, a similar figure is set up in the local iteration of the performance known as the pohon beringin ("banyan").[1] The beringin is often displayed in the beginning and the end of the performance symbolizing "a world loaded with lives...in the water, on the land and in the air".[2]

a Javanese gunungan with closed porch and two large yakshas on the sides. The roots of the tree rise into the water. There are some animals in the tree crown, but the demon head (kala) is missing.
The gunungan in this wayang performance in Yogyakarta served as props.
The figure of Api ("fire"), a Balinese fire demon, which has a similar form with the kayonan.
A gunungan from a variation of wayang kulit of Lombok, with which the story of Serat Menak Sasak is told.
A wayang beber at the Mangkunegaran Palace in Surakarta. Typical combat scene, gunungan slightly to the right of the center.

See also
  •  Theatre portal
  •  Indonesia portal

References
  1. Kustopo (September 2020). Mengenal Kesenian Nasional 1: Wayang (in Indonesian). Alprin. p. 43. ISBN 978-623-263-487-9.
  2. "Pohon Beringin". Perbadanan Muzium Negeri Kelantan (Kelantan State Museum Board) (in Malay). Retrieved 27 February 2021.
Main sources
  • Harnish, David (2003). "Worlds of Wayang Sasak: Music, Performance, and Negotiations of Religion and Modernity". Asian Music. Köln. 34 (2).
  • Kant-Achilles, Mally; Seltmann, Friedrich; Schumacher, Rüdiger (1990). Wayang Beber. Das wiederentdeckte Bildrollen-Drama Zentral-Javas [Wayang Beber. The rediscovered scroll-drama of Central Java] (in German). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
  • Spitzing, Günter (1981). Das indonesische Schattenspiel. Bali – Java – Lombok [The Indonesian Shadowplay. Bali - Java - Lombok] (in German). Köln: DuMont.
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