Kherson

Kherson (Ukrainian: Херсо́н, Ukrainian pronunciation: [xerˈsɔn]) is a city in the south of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kherson Oblast and an economic center. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry. It is the center of Kherson Raion and hosts the administration of Kherson urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[2] As of 2021, it had a population of 283,649 (2021 est.)[3].

For the Greek colony, see Chersonesus (Crimea).

Kherson
Херсон
City of regional significance
Flag
Coat of arms
Kherson
Location of Kherson
Kherson
Kherson (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 46°38′0″N 32°35′0″E
Country Ukraine
Oblast Kherson Oblast
City RaionsKherson Raion
Dneprovski rayon
Suvorovski rayon
Komsomolski rayon
Founded18 June 1778
Government
 • MayorIhor Kolykhaiev[1] (We have to live here[1])
Area
 • Total135.7 km2 (52.4 sq mi)
Elevation
46.6 m (152.9 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total 283,649
Postal code
73000
Area code(s)+380 552
Websitecity.kherson.ua

Since 2014, Kherson has housed the office of the Ukrainian President's representative in the Crimea.[4]

Until 18 July 2020, Kherson was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and the center of Kherson Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five. The area of Kherson Municipality was merged into newly established Kherson Raion.[5][6]

The origin of the name

It was named after the most famous city-colony of Chersonesos, located in the Crimea, as the first city from the Greek project of Grigory Potemkin and Catherine II. The ancient name "Chersonese" was from the ancient Greek dialect word chersonesos which meant peninsula, shore.[7][8] But the Byzantine version, which first appears in the days of Emperor Zeno, was used for the name.

Demographics

Ethnicity

As of Ukrainian National Census (2001), the ethnic groups living within Kherson were:

The ethnic groups living within Kherson as of the 1926 Census:

Languages
Languages1897[9]2001[10]
Ukrainian19.6%53.4%
Russian47.2%45.3%
Yiddish29.1%
Polish1.7%
German0.7%

Population
Year Population
1790 24,000
1926 58,000
1939 97,000
1959 158,000
1981 361,000
2004 354,000
2007 329,000
2020 283,338

Administrative divisions

There are three city raions.

  • Suvorov Raion, central and oldest district of the city, named after the Russian General Suvorov. Includes department's: Tavrіjs'kij, Pіvnіchnij and Mlini.
  • Dnipro Raion, named after the Dnieper river. Includes departments: HBK, Tekstilny, Sklotara, Slobіdka, Voyenka, Skhіdny.
  • Korabelny Raion. Includes departments: Shumensky, Korabel, Zabalka, Sukharne, Zhitloselishche, Selishche — 4, Selishche — 5.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Kherson has a humid continental climate (Dfa).[11]

Climate data for Kherson (1991–2020, extremes 1955–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4)		 18.6
(65.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 32.0
(89.6)		 37.7
(99.9)		 39.5
(103.1)		 40.5
(104.9)		 40.7
(105.3)		 36.4
(97.5)		 32.0
(89.6)		 21.8
(71.2)		 17.2
(63.0)		 40.7
(105.3)
Average high °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5)		 3.1
(37.6)		 8.8
(47.8)		 16.5
(61.7)		 22.9
(73.2)		 27.5
(81.5)		 30.3
(86.5)		 30.1
(86.2)		 23.7
(74.7)		 16.1
(61.0)		 8.4
(47.1)		 3.3
(37.9)		 16.0
(60.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 4.1
(39.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 16.7
(62.1)		 21.2
(70.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.3
(73.9)		 17.5
(63.5)		 10.9
(51.6)		 4.7
(40.5)		 0.4
(32.7)		 10.9
(51.6)
Average low °C (°F) −4.4
(24.1)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 0.0
(32.0)		 5.0
(41.0)		 10.6
(51.1)		 15.3
(59.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 16.7
(62.1)		 11.8
(53.2)		 6.3
(43.3)		 1.6
(34.9)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) −26.3
(−15.3)		 −24.4
(−11.9)		 −20.2
(−4.4)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 5.5
(41.9)		 9.2
(48.6)		 6.6
(43.9)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −7.6
(18.3)		 −16.2
(2.8)		 −22.2
(−8.0)		 −26.3
(−15.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33
(1.3)		 28
(1.1)		 30
(1.2)		 32
(1.3)		 43
(1.7)		 59
(2.3)		 44
(1.7)		 29
(1.1)		 38
(1.5)		 36
(1.4)		 34
(1.3)		 38
(1.5)		 444
(17.5)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 2
(0.8)		 3
(1.2)		 1
(0.4)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 1
(0.4)		 3
(1.2)
Average rainy days 9 7 9 12 11 11 9 6 9 9 12 10 114
Average snowy days 11 10 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 4 8 39
Average relative humidity (%) 85.5 82.1 77.1 68.5 64.8 65.3 62.1 60.7 68.4 76.4 84.9 86.8 73.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 63.7 82.7 134.2 193.3 275.8 294.7 318.5 301.5 228.4 153.8 77.6 50.1 2,174.3
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[12]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity and sun 1981–2010)[13]

Transport

Rail
Kherson Railway Station

Kherson is connected to the national railroad network of Ukraine. There are daily long-distance services to Kyiv, Lviv and other cities.

Air

Kherson is served by Kherson International Airport providing both passport and customs control. It operates a 2,500 x 42-meter concrete runway, accommodating Boeing 737, Airbus 319/320 aircraft, and helicopters of all series.

The official airport website is http://www.airport.kherson.ua Archived 30 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine and additional info can be found at http://www.aisukraine.net.

Education
Kherson Marine school

There are 77 high schools as well as 5 colleges. There are 15 institutions of higher education.

The documentary Dixie Land was filmed at a music school in Kherson.[14]

Main sights
St. Catherine's Cathedral, Kherson
  • The Church of St. Catherine – was built in the 1780s, supposedly to Ivan Starov's designs, and contains the tomb of Prince Potemkin.
  • Jewish cemetery – Kherson has a large Jewish community which was established in the mid-nineteenth century.[15] From 1959 until 1990 there was no synagogue in Kherson. Since then, both Jewish life and Kherson have really grown and developed in an atmosphere of peace.[16] Nevertheless, the Jewish cemetery has regularly suffered from acts of vandalism. The graves have been repeatedly covered with trash and the tombstones destroyed and desecrated. On 6 April 2012, an act of vandalism occurred at the Jewish cemetery on one of the most important festival in the Jewish calendar, the festival of Passover. The fire, which was set intentionally, immediately spread over an area of about 700 square meters and caused severe damage to the graves and tombstones.[17]
  • Kherson TV Tower – a famous construction located in the city.
  • Adziogol Lighthouse – a hyperboloid structure designed by V.G.Shukhov, 1911

Notable people
Moshe Sharett

Twin cities

References
  1. (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Kherson became the people's deputy majoritarian, Ukrayinska Pravda (16 November 2020)
  2. "Херсонская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  3. "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  4. Official website Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea.
  5. "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  6. "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 17 July 2020.
  7. Янко М.Т. (1998). Топонімічний словник України: словник-довідник.
  8. Лучик В.В. (2014). Етимологічний словник топонімів України.
  9. Национальный состав населения городов (по языку) Archived 13 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Всероссийская перепись населения 1897
  10. Ukrainian census in Kherson Oblast. State Statistics Service.
  11. Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  13. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  14. Bondarchuk, Roman. "Dixie Land". Cineuropa. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  15. "KHERSON". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  16. Zalman, Nelson (24 February 2009). "Anti-Semitic Incitement, Poor Economy Have Kherson's Jews Worried". Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  17. "Вандалы подпортили светлый еврейский праздник Песах". Bagnet.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  18. Levy, Clifford J. "Georgi A. Arbatov, a Bridge Between Cold War Superpowers, Is Dead at 87" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 2 October 2010. Accessed 4 October 2010.
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