Immunometabolism

Immunometabolism is a branch of biology that studies the interplay between metabolism and immunology in all organisms. In particular, immunometabolism is the study of the molecular and biochemical underpinninngs for i) the metabolic regulation of immune function, and ii) the regulation of metabolism by molecules and cells of the immune system.[1] Further categorization includes i) systemic immunometabolism and ii) cellular immunometabolism.[2]

Immunometabolism first appears in the academic literature in 2011, where it is defined as "an emerging field of investigation at the interface between the historically distinct disciplines of immunology and metabolism."[3] A later article defines immunometabolism as describing "the changes that occur in intracellular metabolic pathways in immune cells during activation".[4] Broadly, immunometabolic research records the physiological functioning of the immune system in the context of different metabolic conditions in health and disease. These studies can cover molecular and cellular aspects of immune system function in vitro, in situ, and in vivo, under different metabolic conditions. For example, highly proliferative cells such as cancer cells and activating T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, increasing glucose uptake to shift towards aerobic glycolysis during normoxia. While aerobic glycolysis is an inefficient pathway for ATP production in quiescent cells, this so-called “Warburg effect” supports the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of rapidly proliferating cells.[5]

Immunometabolism is an area of growing drug discovery research investment[6][7] in numerous areas of medicine, such as for example, in lessening the impact of age-related metabolic dysfunction and obesity on incidence of type 2 diabetes/ cardiovascular disease, cancer,[3][8][9] as well as infectious diseases.[10] In recent years, evidence suggests that immunometabolism is implicated in autoimmune disorders.[11][12] The metabolic alterations on immune system regulation have provided unique insights into disease pathogenesis and development, as well as potential therapeutic targets.[13][14]

References
  1. Hotamisligil GS (September 2017). "Foundations of Immunometabolism and Implications for Metabolic Health and Disease". Immunity. 47 (3): 406–420. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.009. PMC 5627521. PMID 28930657.
  2. Lercher A, Baazim H, Bergthaler A (September 2020). "Systemic Immunometabolism: Challenges and Opportunities". Immunity. 53 (3): 496–509. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.012. PMC 7491485. PMID 32937151.
  3. Mathis D, Shoelson SE (February 2011). "Immunometabolism: an emerging frontier". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 11 (2): 81. doi:10.1038/nri2922. PMC 4784680. PMID 21469396.
  4. O'Neill LA, Kishton RJ, Rathmell J (September 2016). "A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 16 (9): 553–65. doi:10.1038/nri.2016.70. PMC 5001910. PMID 27396447.
  5. Andrejeva G, Rathmell JC (July 2017). "Similarities and Distinctions of Cancer and Immune Metabolism in Inflammation and Tumors". Cell Metabolism. 26 (1): 49–70. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.004. PMC 5555084. PMID 28683294.
  6. "Roche to spend around $800 million on immunometabolism collaboration". www.thepharmaletter.com. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  7. Taylor C. "Biopharma start-up co-founded by TCD professor raises $30m". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  8. Rena G, Lang CC (January 2018). "Repurposing Metformin for Cardiovascular Disease". Circulation. 137 (5): 422–424. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031735. PMID 29378754.
  9. Goodbody W (2018-03-28). "Discovery over treatment of inflammation in cells". RTE.
  10. Rosenberg G, Yehezkel D, Hoffman D, Mattioli CC, Fremder M, Ben-Arosh H, et al. (January 2021). "Host succinate is an activation signal for Salmonella virulence during intracellular infection". Science. 371 (6527): 400–405. doi:10.1126/science.aba8026. PMID 33479153. S2CID 231666432.
  11. Freitag J, Berod L, Kamradt T, Sparwasser T (November 2016). "Immunometabolism and autoimmunity". Immunology and Cell Biology. 94 (10): 925–934. doi:10.1038/icb.2016.77. PMID 27562063.
  12. Perl A (December 2017). "Review: Metabolic Control of Immune System Activation in Rheumatic Diseases". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 69 (12): 2259–2270. doi:10.1002/art.40223. PMC 5711528. PMID 28841779.
  13. Rhoads JP, Major AS, Rathmell JC (May 2017). "Fine tuning of immunometabolism for the treatment of rheumatic diseases". Nature Reviews. Rheumatology. 13 (5): 313–320. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.54. PMC 5502208. PMID 28381829.
  14. Stathopoulou C, Nikoleri D, Bertsias G (June 2019). "Immunometabolism: an overview and therapeutic prospects in autoimmune diseases". Immunotherapy. 11 (9): 813–829. doi:10.2217/imt-2019-0002. PMID 31120393.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.