Indonesia at the Big Four international beauty pageants

This is a list of Indonesia's official representatives and their placements at the Big Four international beauty pageants, considered the most important in the world. The country has won one victory with a total of twenty-five placements in all four pageants:

Hundreds of beauty pageants are conducted yearly, but the Big Four are considered the most prestigious,[1] widely covered and broadcast by media.[2] The Wall Street Journal,[3][4] BBC News,[5] CNN,[6] Xinhua News Agency,[7] and global news agencies such as Reuters[8] and Agence France-Presse[9][10] collectively refer to the four major pageants as "Big Four" namely: Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth.[11][12][13]

National Franchises and Organizations

The Indonesian franchise holders of the four major beauty pageants are the following:

The criteria for the Big Four inclusion are based on specific standards such as the pageant's international prominence and prestige accepted by mainstream media; the quality and quantity of crowned delegates recognized by international franchisees; the winner's post pageant activities; the pageant's longevity, consistency, and history; the execution of the pageant's specific cause, platform, and advocacy; the overall pre-pageant activities, production quality and global telecast; the enormity of internet traffic; and the extent of popularity across the globe.[21]

History
The president and CEO of Puteri Indonesia Org., The Royal Highest Princess Mooryati Soedibyo of Surakarta Sunanate, meeting with President Joko Widodo in Bogor Presidential Palace.

The Indonesia representatives to the Miss Universe pageant from 1974, 1975, 1976 1977, 1980, 1982 and 1983 were chosen by a local pageant organizers, the title was awarded through the Ratu Indonesia beauty pageant Org., then in 1995, Puteri Indonesia took over the license.[22] The Indonesia representatives to the Miss International pageant from 1960, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977 were chosen by a local pageant organizers, the title was awarded through the Puteri Remaja Indonesia beauty pageant Org., then in 2007, Puteri Indonesia took over the license.[23] And The Indonesia representatives to the Miss World pageant for 1982 to 1983 are chosen by a local pageant organizers, the title was awarded through the Ratu Indonesia beauty pageant Org., then in 2005, Puteri Indonesia took over the license. In 2006, Miss Indonesia was esthablished and sending the winner to Miss World Pageant.[24] Later on 2007, Miss Earth Indonesia was esthablished and sending the winner to Miss Earth Pageant.[25]

Puteri Indonesia, Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan and Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata

The president-owner of Puteri Indonesia, Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan and Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata Organizations are The Royal Highest Family of Surakarta Sunanate, Princess Mooryati Soedibyo[26][27] and Princess Putri Kuswisnuwardhani.[28][29] The pageant was established in 1992 and is considered as the oldest national beauty pageant in Indonesia, with the first Puteri Indonesia being Indira Paramarini Sudiro who was crowned as Puteri Indonesia 1992 and won Miss ASEAN 1992 title.[30] Where Puteri Indonesia 1996, Alya Rohali was held her title for the longest reign in the pageant history, from 1996 to 1999.[31][32][33][34]

"Indonesian Pageant-Lover" gave their support as the candidates competed on the Puteri Indonesia final coronation night.[35]

Puteri Indonesia was started to choose the winner for Miss Universe in 1993, but by 1996, the winner was forced to withdraw from competing at the Miss Universe pageant by the former First Lady, Mrs. Tien Suharto who was the wife of the late second president of the Republic of Indonesia, Suharto.[36] Puteri Indonesia winner was again sent to the Miss Universe, Miss International and Miss Supranational, after receive a big supports and permissions from Megawati Soekarnoputri who was chosen as the first-ever Female President of Indonesia.[37][38] Since then Puteri Indonesia pageant was held consecutively every year and the winner was sent to the International Beauty pageants, started with Artika Sari Devi Kusmayadi who was representing Indonesia at the Miss Universe 2005 in Thailand,[39][40][41][42] following with Rahma Landy Sjahruddin at the Miss International 2007 in Japan,[43] Alessandra Khadijah Usman at the Miss Asia Pacific World 2011 in Chile and later on 2013 Cok Istri Krisnanda Widani was competed at the Miss Supranational 2013 in Belarus.[44]

Indonesian Business conglomerate, Media tycoon and Politician,Liliana Tanaja Tanoesoedibjo as the President and Chief Executive Officer of MNC Group[45] and Miss Indonesia Org.[46][47]

The Puteri Indonesia pageant is traditionally held in March, alongside the celebration for International Women's Day. Puteri Indonesia is held annually to crown 3 main winners, namely Puteri Indonesia (Miss Universe Indonesia), Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (Miss International Indonesia) and Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (Miss Supranational Indonesia); each will represent Indonesia in their respective international beauty pageant.[48][49][50] The candidates selection of Puteri Indonesia started from the provincial level, the chosen candidates will be compete in national pageant, held annually in Jakarta. Usually every year, the winner of Miss Universe, Miss International and Miss Supranational attended the prestigious crowning of Puteri Indonesia as the main guest stars.[51][52][53] Puteri Indonesia Organization is widely supported by the President and Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia.

In 2019, Joko Widodo announced the Puteri Indonesia as "National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia",[54] which carries the values of Indonesian culture and society togetherness,[55] to celebrate the role of women in the creative industry, environment, tourism, education and social awareness.[35][56][57] In line with that, Angela Tanoesoedibjo the eldest daughter of media magnate MNC Group Hary Tanoesoedibjo and Miss Indonesia President and Chief Executive Officer Liliana Tanaja Tanoesoedibjo chosen as The Deputy of Ministry of tourism and Creative Economy of The Republic of Indonesia by the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo at the Istana Negara Palace in Central Jakarta.[58]

Miss Indonesia

In 2005, the Miss Indonesia org. was established, is a national beauty pageant in Indonesia, organized by their own media company MNC Group[45] under Miss Indonesia Organization,[47] chaired by the Indonesian Business conglomerate, Media tycoon and Politician Hary Tanoesoedibjo wife - Liliana Tanaja Tanoesoedibjo[46][47][59] and sponsored by Sariayu Martha Tilaar.[60] The winner of Miss Indonesia represents the country in Miss World pageant, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants and participates in various social actions in cooperation with Yayasan Jalinan Kasih,[61] MNC Peduli and Miss World Organization program, Beauty with a Purpose.[62] The first Miss Indonesia to competed at Miss World beauty pageant is the former Indonesian National Armed Forces Reservist and United States Army Nurse Corps, Kristania Virginia Besouw who competed in Miss World 2006 in Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw, Poland.[63][64][65]

Miss Earth Indonesia
President of The Miss Earth Indonesia Organization, Johnnie Sugiarto Speaks in Support of Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of The Republic of Indonesia.

In 2007, the Miss Earth Indonesia Org. was established, The very first pageant was held in 2007 which focuses on environmental awareness, culture, and ecotourism. The winner represents Indonesia in the Miss Earth pageant, the first Miss Earth Indonesia winner, Artri Aldoranti Sulistyowati represented Indonesia in Miss Earth 2007 pageant, was held on November 12, 2007 at the University of the Philippines Theater, inside the campus of the University of the Philippines Diliman in Quezon City, Philippines.[25] The slogan of the pageant is Beauty and Nature and was first organized by Yayasan Putri Bumi Indonesia from 2007 to 2012. In 2013, the national franchise for Indonesia was acquired by El John Pageants.[66] Miss Earth Indonesia became a phenomenon Indonesian beauty pageant, as an annual national environmental-themed beauty pageant promoting environmental awareness in Indonesia. The grand winner represents Indonesia in the international Miss Earth pageant.[67][68]

The reigning titleholders dedicate their year to promote specific projects and often address issues concerning the environment and other global challenges[69][70] through school tours, tree planting activities, street campaigns, coastal clean ups, speaking engagements, shopping mall tours, media guesting, environmental fairs, storytelling programs to children, eco-fashion shows, and other environmental activities.[71][72][73]

The Miss Earth winner is the spokesperson for the Miss Earth Indonesia Foundation, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and other environmental organizations.[74][75][76] The Miss Earth Foundation also works with the environmental departments and ministries of participating countries, various private sectors and corporations, as well as the World Wildlife Foundation (WWF).[77][78][79]

Indonesia's Big Four titleholders
Color Key
  •   Miss Universe winner
  •   Miss World winner
  •   Miss International winner
  •   Miss Earth winner
  •   Ended as Runner-up
  •   Ended as one of the Finalists, Semi-finalists or Quarter-finalists
Year Miss Universe Miss World Miss International Miss Earth
2022 TBA TBA Ayu Saraswati
TBD		 TBA
2021 × Pricilia Carla Yules
TBD		 ↑ No Pageant Held Monica Khonado
Top 20
2020 Ayu Maulida
Top 21		 ↑ No Pageant Held Safira Rumimper
2019 Frederika Alexis Cull
Top 10		 Princess Megonondo
Top 40		 Jolene Marie Rotinsulu
Top 8		 Cinthia Kusuma Rani
2018 Sonia Fergina Citra
Top 20		 Alya Nurshabrina
Top 30		 Vania Fitryanti
Top 15		 Ratu Vashti Annisa
2017 Bunga Jelitha Achintya Holte Nilsen
Top 10		 Kevin Lilliana
WINNER		 Michelle Alriani
2016 Kezia Warouw
Top 13 		Natasha Mannuela Halim
2nd Runner-Up		 Felicia Hwang Yi Xin
2nd Runner-Up		 Luisa Andrea Soemitha
2015 Anindya Kusuma Putri
Top 15		 Maria Harfanti
2nd Runner-Up		 Chintya Fabyola Belinda Pritasari
2014 Elvira Devinamira
Top 15		 Maria Rahajeng
Top 25		 Elfin Pertiwi Rappa
Top 10		 Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan
2013 Whulandary Herman
Top 16		 Vania Larissa
Top 10		 Marisa Sartika Maladewi Nita Sofiani
2012 Maria Selena Ines Putri
Top 15		 Liza Elly Purnamasari Chelsy Liven
2011 Nadine Alexandra Astrid Ellena
Top 15		 Reisa Kartikasari Inez Elodhia Maharani
2010 Qory Sandioriva Asyifa Latief Zukhriatul Hafizah Jessica Aurelia Tji
2009 Zivanna Letisha Siregar Kerenina Sunny Halim Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra Nadine Zamira Sjarief
2008 Putri Raemawasti Sandra Angelia Duma Riris Silalahi Hedhy Kurniati
2007 Agni Pratistha Kamidia Radisti Rahma Landy Sjahruddin
Top 15		 Artri Aldoranti Sulistyowati
2006 Nadine Chandrawinata Kristania Virginia Besouw × Yelena Setiabudi
2005 Artika Sari Devi
Top 15		 Lindi Cistia Prabha × Jenny Graciella Soetjiono
2004 × × × ↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 2001 in Manila, Philippines. Indonesia sent their first delegate in 2005.)
2003 × × ×
2002 × × ×
2001 × × ×
2000 × × ×
1999 × × ×
1998 × × ×
1997 × × ×
1996 Alya Rohali × ×
1995 Susanty Manuhutu × ×
1994 × × ×
1993 × × ×
1992 × × ×
1991 × × ×
1990 × × ×
1989 × × ×
1988 × × ×
1987 × × ×
1986 × × ×
1985 × × ×
1984 × × ×
1983 Andi Botenri Titi Dwi Jayati ×
1982 Sri Yulianti Andi Botenri ×
1981 × ↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1951 in London, United Kingdom. Indonesia sent their first delegate in 1982.)		 ×
1980 Andi Nana Riwayati Basoamier ×
1979 × ×
1978 × ×
1977 Siti Mirza Nuria Arifin Indri Hapsari Suharto
2nd Runner-Up
1976 Juliarti Rahayu Treesye Ratri Astuti
Top 15
1975 Lydia Arlini Wahab Yayuk Rahayu Sosiawati
1974 Nia Kurniasi Ardikoesoema Lydia Arlini Wahab
1973 ↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1952 in California, United States and then it was transferred in 1960 in Florida, United States. Indonesia sent their first delegate in 1974.)		 ×
1972 ×
1971 ×
1970 Louise Marie Maengkom
1969 Irma Hardisurya
1968 Sylvia Taliwongso
1967 ×
1966 ↑ No Pageant Held
1965 ×
1964 ×
1963 ×
1962 ×
1961 ×
1960 Wiana Sulastini
1959 ↑ No Pageant Held
(established in 1960 in California, United States and then it was transferred in 1968 in Tokyo, Japan.)
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951

× Did not compete
↑ No pageant held

Pageant Placements Best result
Miss Universe 8 Top 10 (2019)
Miss World 9 2nd Runner-Up (2015, 2016)
Miss International 8 Winner (2017)
Miss Earth 1 Top 20 (2021)
Total 26 1 title

Hostings
Year pageant Location Venue Contestants
2013[46] Miss World[46] Nusa Dua, Bali[46] Nusa Dua Bali International Convention Center[46] 127 Countries[46]

See also
  •  Indonesia portal

References
  1. Ornos, Riza (30 September 2013). "Philippines, Brazil And Venezuela: Three Countries To Win The Big Four International Beauty Pageants". International Business Times. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  2. Kanja, Kirstin (20 December 2019). "Beauty with a purpose: What it means to be Miss World, Miss Universe". Standard Media. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  3. Jun, Kwanwoo (2013-12-02). "Lost in Storm's Debris: A Beauty Pageant". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
  4. "Beauty with scandals". Standard Digital News. 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  5. Amee, Enriquez (2 February 2014). "Philippines: How to make a beauty queen". BBC News. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  6. Cabato, Regine (27 January 2017). "How a country hosts a Miss Universe pageant". CNN. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  7. "Myanmar's beauty queen to take part in Miss World pageant 2018 in China". Xinhua News Agency. 3 November 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  8. "The Philippines earns another crown". Reuters. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  9. Joel, Guinto (13 March 2015). "PH Cinderellas 'duck walk' to world stage". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  10. Joel, Guinto (12 March 2015). "In beauty pageants, Philippines' modern day Cinderellas seize world stage". GMA News Online. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  11. "Những scandal của Miss World". Vietnam Express. 2008-10-08. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  12. Ibrahim, Lynda (2013-09-13). "The misses and missuses of the world". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  13. Lowe, Aya (2016-01-25). "Philippines' Miss Universe returns home, ignites dreams". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  14. "Puteri Indonesia Organization". Puteri Indonesia. November 20, 2005.
  15. "Miss Universe Organization". Miss Universe. November 20, 2005.
  16. "Miss International Organization". Miss International. November 20, 2005.
  17. "Miss Indonesia Organization". Miss Indonesia. November 20, 2005.
  18. "Miss World Organization". Miss World. November 20, 2005.
  19. "Miss Earth Indonesia Organization". Miss Earth Indonesia. November 20, 2005.
  20. "Miss Earth Organization". Miss Earth. November 20, 2005.
  21. Banerjee, Sukanya (2015-06-13). "These 20 Countries Have The Highest Number Of Beauty Queens". ScoopWhoop. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
  22. "Pasang Surut Prestasi Indonesia di Miss Universe dari Masa ke Masa". Liputan 6. 1 March 2016.
  23. "Srikandi Indonesia di ajang Miss Internasional dari Masa ke Masa". 1 March 2019.
  24. "Miss World Indonesia Ternyata Rajin Chatting Lho..." Detik News. December 9, 2005.
  25. Adina, Armin (November 4, 2007). "More stunners in Miss Earth '07". The Inquirer Network. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
  26. "Mooryati Soedibyo Biography". Indonesia Tatler.
  27. "Mooryati Soedibyo Launches New Book". Indonesia Tatler. April 26, 2016.
  28. 100 Great Women-suara Perempuan Yang Menginspirasi Dunia (in Indonesian). Galang Press: Jogja Bangkit Publisher. 2009. p. 102. ISBN 978-6028620284.
  29. "Puteri Indonesia". Puteri Indonesia. 1 March 2016.
  30. Abdul, Gadis (27 July 2017). "Indira Soediro dan Mahkota Pertama Puteri Indonesia". Bintang.com. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  31. "Alya Rohali" (in Indonesian). Trisakti University. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  32. "Alya, new Bodyline spokesperson". The Jakarta Post. 28 February 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  33. Casey, Michael (26 September 2004). "Swimsuit Anxiety Keeps Indonesian Beauty Home". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  34. "Govt summons party that sent Ms Rohali to Las Vegas". Times of Indonesia. Jakarta. 24 May 1996. Retrieved 3 November 2017 – via Ohio University.
  35. "Puteri Indonesia Is Expected To Continue To Promote Environment, Tourism, Education, Social Awareness And The Country's Creative Economy". Ministry of Tourism (Indonesia). March 11, 2020.
  36. "Menunggu Restu Dari Atas". Tempo (Indonesian magazine). Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  37. "Indonesian to take part in pageant for first time in years". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved May 18, 2005.
  38. "World: Anger Over Indonesia's Entry In Miss Universe Pageant More Than Skin Deep". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved May 26, 2005.
  39. "Miss Universe pageant rehearsal in Bangkok". China Daily. Retrieved May 30, 2005.
  40. "Artika Sari Devi Kusmayadi, Swimsuit Anxiety Keeps Indonesian Beauty Home". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 26, 2004.
  41. "Artika Sari Devi Kusmayadi, Showing skin, risking hide". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 3, 2005.
  42. "Miss Indonesia quietly participates in Miss Universe 2005". Hindustan Times. Retrieved May 30, 2005.
  43. "Putri Raemawasti & Rahma Landy Sjahruddin terpilih menjadi Puteri Indonesia 2007". Liputan 6. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
  44. "Lenggang Kontes di Tengah Protes". Historia Indonesia. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  45. "Liliana Tanoesoedibjo - Chief Executive Officer". MNC Group. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  46. "Miss World Organizers Outraged As Govt Submits to Hard-Liners". Setara Institute. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  47. "Indonesian media tycoon Hary Tanoe juggles business and politics". The Nikkei. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  48. "These pictures of Zozibini and Miss Universe Indonesia will take your breath away". News24 (website). Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  49. "This is How Sheraton Mustika Yogyakarta Celebrated Their Reopening". Times of Indonesia. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  50. "Ayu Maulida verkozen tot Puteri Indonesia 2020" (in French). Miss International Belgium. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  51. "Miss Universe Shares BITS Of Miss Universe Indonesia Coronation Night". Zalebs South Africa. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  52. "Antonnia Porsild, Zozibini Tunzi et Sireethorn Leearamwat sont arrivées à Jakarta" (in French). Miss International Belgium. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  53. "Sireethorn Leearamwat assiste à la finale de Puteri Indonesia 2020" (in French). Miss International Belgium. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  54. "President Joko Widodo Receives the 2019 Puteri Indonesia Finalists at the Bogor Presentatial Palace". Ministry of State Secretariat (Indonesia). March 12, 2019.
  55. "MPR RI Angkat Finalis Puteri Indonesia Sebagai Duta Empat Pilar MPR RI" [The People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador for the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI) Appoints Puteri Indonesia Finalists as Ambassador of the Four Pillars of the People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador for the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI)] (in Indonesian). People's Consultative Assembly of The Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  56. Antons, Christoph (2009). Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions, and Intellectual Property Law in the Asia-Pacific Region. p. 374. ISBN 978-9041127211.
  57. van Dijk, C; Taylor, J Gelman (2011). Cleanliness and Culture: Indonesian Histories. p. 181. ISBN 978-9004253612.
  58. "Tycoon Hary Tanoesoedibjo's Daughter Appointed Deputy Minister". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  59. "Trump's 'Indonesian Hollywood' partner breaks ground on studio after big tax break comes through". South China Morning Post. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  60. Yuswohady; Palupi, Dyah Hasto; Pambudi, Teguh Sri (2010). Womanology: the art of marketing to woman : strategi pemasaran, memahami, merayu, dan menaklukkan hati wanita (in Indonesian). Gramedia. pp. 37–40. ISBN 9789792262841.
  61. "Yayasan Jalinan Kasih dan Miss Indonesia Bantu Air Bersih di Banten". Global Mediacom (in Indonesian). 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  62. "Beauty with A Purpose Around The World - Indonesia". Beauty With a Purpose. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  63. "Miss Indonesia 2006 Kristania Virginia Besouw (far right) now with the US Army". Coconuts Media. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  64. "Beauty Queens and Jihadis Leave Kalla Spelling Out the Law on Citizenship". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  65. "Questions Loom for US Army's New Queen". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  66. "Miss Earth Indonesia, Kontes Kecantikan Terbaru, Digelar Agustus 2013 (Miss Earth Indonesia, New Beauty Contest, Held August 2013)". Tribun Network. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  67. "Mahkota Baru Miss Earth Indonesia 2018, Siapakah Yang Beruntung Meraihnya?". Indonesian Pageants. June 26, 2018. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  68. "Jelang Grand Final, Yuk Intip Mahkota Miss Earth Indonesia 2018". El John Pageants. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  69. News Online, Reuters (October 8, 2004). "Contestants of Miss Earth 2004 beauty pageant". The Tribune (Chandigarh). Retrieved December 15, 2007.
  70. Nkurunziza, Sam (March 30, 2008). "The most beautiful girl in the world". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
  71. Gilbert, Julie (July 12, 2014). "Hamilton woman Amy Meisak is hoping to win Miss Earth 2014". Daily Record (Scotland). Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  72. Schuck, Lorraine (September 20, 2012). "Miss Earth winners work hand-in-hand" (PDF). Miss Earth Website. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
  73. News, South Wales (September 18, 2013). "Caerphilly beauty queen takes on the world". South Wales Argus. South Wales Argus. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  74. Steinberg, Jessica. "Miss Earth pulls for Palestine". 3 November 2014. The Times of Israel. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  75. Sieczkowski, Cavan (December 4, 2011). "Miss Earth 2011 Crowned, Miss Ecuador Wins the Title". International Business Times. BT Media Inc. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  76. Borja, Tessa (October 17, 2007). "Jennifer Neves is Miss Earth Guam". Marianas Variety, Guam Edition. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  77. Waddington, Sarah (September 19, 2014). "Plymouth engineering student hopes to "change the future" by competing for Miss Earth England". The Herald (Plymouth). Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  78. Bobby T., Yalong (January 4, 2016). "A haphazard scrutiny and pragmatic dissertation on Philippine pageantry". Asian Journal. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  79. Macauley, Richard (November 24, 2015). "China's latest censorship battlefield is global beauty pageants". Quartz. Goldman Sachs. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.