Manungal

Manungal (or simply Nungal, also known as Magala and Manuna) is a goddess of the underworld, punishment and prisons[1] worshipped by the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Akkadians. She is the consort of the god Birdu, daughter of Ereskigal and daughter-in-law of Enlil. Her title was the "Queen of the Ekur" where she held the "tablet of life" and carried out judgement on the wicked.[2][3] She was later identified with Nin-tin-uga, a name of Gula.[1]

Hymn to the goddess Nungal by a scribe accused of a capital offense

References

Frayne, Stuckey, Douglas R., Johanna H. (2021). A Handbook of Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Near East: Three Thousand Deities of Anatolia, Syria, Israel, Babylonia, Assyria and Elam. Eisenbrauns, Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 200. ISBN 9781575068374.
Sjöberg Ake., "Nungal in the Ekur," Archiv für Orientforschung 24 (1973), pp. 19-46.
Frymer, Tikva Simone., "The Nungal Hymn and the Ekur-prison", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 20 (1977), pp. 78-89.

Jordan, Michael. Encyclopedia of Gods. Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Frayne2021-1] Frayne, Stuckey, Douglas R., Johanna H. (2021). A Handbook of Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Near East: Three Thousand Deities of Anatolia, Syria, Israel, Babylonia, Assyria and Elam. Eisenbrauns, Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 200. ISBN 9781575068374.

[2] Sjöberg Ake., "Nungal in the Ekur," Archiv für Orientforschung 24 (1973), pp. 19-46.

[3] Frymer, Tikva Simone., "The Nungal Hymn and the Ekur-prison", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 20 (1977), pp. 78-89.