Omma

Omma is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae. Omma is an example of a living fossil. The oldest species known, O. liassicum, lived during the final stage of the Triassic (Rhaetian), over 200 million years ago. Numerous other fossil species are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. The only living species is Omma stanleyi, which is endemic to Australia. Three other extant species that were formerly part of this genus were moved to the separate genus Beutelius in 2020.[1] Omma stanleyi is strongly associated with wood, being found under Eucalyptus bark and exhibiting thanatosis when disturbed. Its larval stage and many other life details are unknown due to its rarity. Males are typically 14-20 mm in length, while females are 14.4-27.5 mm. Omma stanleyi occurs throughout eastern Australia from Victoria to Central Queensland.[1]

Omma
Temporal range:
Omma stanleyi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Suborder:
Archostemata
Family:
Ommatidae
Genus:
Omma

Newman, 1839
Type species
Omma stanleyi
Newman, 1839
Omma janetae from Burmese amber (early Cenomanian ~99 Ma)

Species, temporal and spatial distribution

The following extinct and extant species have been described.[2][3][4]

Taxa labelled (?) are considered questionable by Kirejtshuk, 2020

  • Omma aberratum Ponomarenko, 1968, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
  • (?)Omma altajense Ponomarenko, 1997, Middle to Later Jurassic, Togo-Khuduk Formation, Bakhar, Mongolia
  • Omma ancistrodontum Tan et al. 2012 Jiulongshan Formation (Callovian-Oxfordian), Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China
  • (?)Omma antennatum Ponomarenko, 1997, Lower Cretaceous (Aptian), Dzun-Bain Formation, Bon-Tsagan, Mongolia
  • Omma avus Ponomarenko, 1969, Lower Jurassic (Hettangian), Dzhil Formation, Issyk-Kul’, Kyrgyzstan
  • Omma davidbatteni Jarzembowski et al. 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • (?)Omma brevipes Deichmueller, 1886, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Solnhofen Formation, Solnhofen, Germany
  • (?)Omma daxishanense Cai and Huang 2017 Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) Tiaojishan Formation, China
  • Omma delicatum Tan, Wang, Ren & Yang, 2012, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian boundary), Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China
  • (?)Omma elongatum Brodie 1845 Purbeck Group, Berriasian, Weald Clay, Hauterivian, United Kingdom
  • (?)Omma gobiense Ponomarenko, 1997, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Ulan-Ereg Formation, Khoutiin-Khotgor, Mongolia
  • (?)Omma grande Ponomarenko 1964 Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
  • Omma janetae Kirejtshuk 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • Omma jurassicum Ponomarenko, 1968, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
  • Omma liassicum Crowson, 1962, Late Triassic (Rhaetian), Lilstock Formation, Brown's wood, Warwickshire, Hettangian, Blue Lias, Binton, Warwickshire, Sinemurian, Charmouth Mudstone, Charmouth, England
  • Omma lii Jarzembowski et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • Omma longicolle Ponomarenko 1997 Lower Cretaceous, Dzun-Bain Formation, Bon-Tsagan, Mongolia
  • Omma pilosum (Ponomarenko, 1964) = Ommamima pilosum, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
  • Omma sibiricum Ponomarenko, 1966, Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian), Zaza Formation, Baissa, West Transbaikalia Russia
  • Omma stanleyi Newman, 1839 (type), recent, Australia
  • Omma zitteli (Oppenheim, 1888) = Procarabus zitteli, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Solnhofen Formation, Solnhofen, Germany

References
  1. Escalona, Hermes E.; Lawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam (2020-01-24). "The extant species of the genus Omma Newman and description of Beutelius gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae: Ommatinae)". Zootaxa. 4728 (4): 547–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.11. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32229891.
  2. Ommatidae Species List Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 11 May 2012.
  3. Tan, Jingjing; Wang, Yongjie; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xingke (2012). "New fossil species of ommatids (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Mesozoic of China illuminating the phylogeny of Ommatidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 113. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-113. PMC 3518168. PMID 22776212.
  4. Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020-02-17). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. Bibcode:2020Geosc..10...73K. doi:10.3390/geosciences10020073. ISSN 2076-3263.


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