Palikúr language

Palikúr
Karipuna
Pa'ikwené, Pa'ikwaki
Native toBrazil, French Guiana
EthnicityPalikur
Native speakers
1,500 (2000–2010)[2]
Arawakan
  • Northern
    • Palikuran
      • Palikúr
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
plu – Palikur
kgm – Karipuna of Amapá (duplicate code)[3]
Glottologpali1279
ELPPalikur
Not to be confused with Karipuna language (disambiguation).

Palikúr is an Arawakan language of Brazil and French Guiana. Knowledge of French and Portuguese is common, and French Guianese Creole is used as the common language among the tribes in the area and with the local population. Palikúr is considered endangered in French Guiana and vulnerable in Brazil.[4][5]

Phonology

Consonants
Consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
Fricative s ʃ h
Nasal m n
Approximant w j
  • Plosives in word-final position are heard unreleased as [p̚, t̚, k̚, b̚, d̚, ɡ̚].
  • /p/ can be heard as [v] or [β] when before close vowels /i, u/, or within intervocalic positions.
  • /t, d, n/ when before front vowels /i, ĩ/ are heard as palatal and post-alveolar sounds [tʃ, dʒ, ɲ].

Vowels
Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ u ũ
Mid e ẽ o õ
Open a ã
  • /e, o/ are heard as [ɛ, ɔ] within different positions.
  • /a/ is heard as a nasalized central vowel sound [ɐ̃] when preceding a nasal consonant.[6]

References
  1. Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  2. Palikur at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Karipuna of Amapá (duplicate code)[1] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  3. Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  4. Rosélis Remor de Souza Mazurek (2016). "Mapping in the Oiapoque Indigenous Territories". Revue d'ethnoécologie (9). doi:10.4000/ethnoecologie.2701.
  5. "Le palikur". Sorosoro (in French). Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  6. da Silva, Elissandra Barros (2016). A Língua Parikwaki (Palikur, Arawak): Situação Sociolinguística, Fonética e Fonologia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
  • Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Palikúr". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.


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