List of political parties in Spain
This article lists political parties in Spain.
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Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level. Nationally, there are five dominant political parties: Podemos (left-wing), PSOE (centre-left), Ciudadanos (centre-right), Partido Popular (centre-right to right-wing) and Vox (right-wing to far-right).
The current makeup makes it difficult for any other formation or coalition to achieve an electoral majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities like Catalonia and the Basque Country and are often essential for national government coalitions.
National political formations of Spain
- Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. Along with its catalan instance, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC), it currently conforms the largest group in Congress.[1] The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
- People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right to right-wing party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal. It has established alliances with regional right-to-centre parties like Asturias Forum (Foro Asturias) and Navarrese People's Union (Unión del Pueblo Navarro, UPN). The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989.[2] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
- Vox — a right-wing to far-right, Spanish nationalist party whose main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). It defends the restriction of illegal immigration.
- United We Can (Unidas Podemos, UP) — an anti-austerity left-wing electoral alliance led by the leftist 2014-founded party Podemos. The alliance is also formed by the United Left (Izquierda Unida, IU), which is associated with Workers' Commissions (Comisiones Obreras, CCOO) trade union, and other left-wing parties that advocate green politics.
- Citizens (Ciudadanos) — a centre[3] to centre-right[4] liberal party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. The party has established electoral alliances with the People's Party in Navarre[5] and in Basque Country.[6]
- More Country (Más País) — a progressive green party originated around the Madrid-based More Madrid (Más Madrid) party in 2019. The party has an electoral alliance with the ecologist Greens Equo (Verdes Equo, Q)[7] party and the left-wing valencianist Commitement (Compromís) coalition.[8]
- Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (Partido Animalista Contra el Maltrato Animal, PACMA) — a centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
Political parties represented in the Congress of Deputies
| Parties and coalitions | Position | Ideology | Results (November 2019) | Seats in Congress | Status | Coalition partners | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Partido Socialista Obrero Español |
Centre-left | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism |
6,752,983 votes, 28.00% | 120 / 350 |
Government | PSOE (108) PSC (12) | |
 |
People's Party (PP) Partido Popular |
Centre-right to right-wing |
Conservatism Christian democracy Monarchism |
5,019,869 votes, 20.82% | 89 / 350 |
Opposition | PP (88) FAC (1) | |
 |
Vox (Vox) Vox |
Right-wing to far-right |
Economic liberalism National conservatism Spanish nationalism |
3,640,063 votes, 15.09% | 52 / 350 |
Opposition | ||
 |
United We Can (UP) Unidas Podemos |
Left-wing to far-left |
Democratic socialism Left-wing populism |
3,097,185 votes, 12.84% | 35 / 350 |
Government | Podemos (26) IU (5) Catalunya en Comú (3) Independent (1) | |
 |
Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya–Catalunya Sí |
Centre-left to left-wing |
Catalan separatism Social democracy |
869,934 votes, 3.61% | 13 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | ||
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Citizens (Cs) Ciudadanos |
Centre-right | Constitutional patriotism Liberalism |
1,637,540 votes, 6.79% | 10 / 350 |
Opposition | ||
 |
Together for Catalonia (JxCat) Junts per Catalunya |
Centre-right | Catalan separatism Liberalism |
527,375 votes, 2.19% | 8 / 350 |
Opposition | ||
| Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea Partido Nacionalista Vasco Parti National Basque |
Centre-left to centre-right |
Basque nationalism Christian democracy |
377,423 votes, 1.57% | 6 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | |||
 |
Basque Country Unite (EHB) Euskal Herria Bildu |
Left-wing to far-left |
Basque separatism Progressivism |
276.519 votes, 1.15% | 5 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | Sortu (1) Alternatiba (1) | |
 |
More Country-Equo (MP-EQUO) Más País-Equo |
Left-wing | Green politics Progressivism |
582,306 votes 2.40% | 3 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | MP-Equo (2) Més Compromís (1) | |
 |
Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR) Candidatura d'Unitat Popular |
Left-wing to far-left | Catalan separatism Anti-capitalism |
246,971 votes, 1.02% | 2 / 350 |
Opposition | ||
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Commitment Coalition (Compromis) Coalició Compromis |
Left-wing | Valencian nationalism Eco-socialism |
173,821 votes, 0.66% | 1 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | ||
 |
Canarian Coalition (CC–PNC) Coalición Canaria |
Centre to centre-right |
Canarian nationalism Conservatism |
137,664 votes, 0.53% | 2 / 350 |
Opposition | ||
 |
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) Bloque Nacionalista Gallego |
Left-wing | Galician separatism Socialism |
120,456 votes 0.5% | 1 / 350 |
Opposition | ||
 |
Sum Navarre (NA+) Navarra Suma |
Centre-right to right-wing |
Regionalism Christian democracy |
107,619 votes, 0.41% | 2 / 350 |
Opposition | UPN (2) | |
| Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) Partido Regionalista de Cantabria |
Centre to centre-left |
Progressivism Cantabrian regionalism |
52,266 votes, 0.20% | 1 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | |||
 |
Teruel Exists (TE) ¡Teruel existe! |
Big tent | Regionalism | 246,971 votes, 0.08% | 1 / 350 |
Confidence and supply | ||
Other political parties represented in regional parliaments
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Political parties without any representation
- Estat Català (1922–present)
- Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
- Los Verdes (1984–present)
- Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
- Frente Popular Galega (1986–present)
- Batzarre (1987–present)
- Andecha Astur (1990–present)
- Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
- Izquierda Asturiana (1992–present)
- Conceju Nacionaliegu Cántabru (1995–present)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
- Falange Auténtica (2002–present)
- Partido Animalista Contra el Maltrato Animal (2003–present)
- Anticapitalist left (1995–present)
- Escaños en Blanco (Eb) [es] (2010–present)
- Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
- Partido Pirata (2006–present)
- Partido da Terra (2011–present)
- Ciudadanos Agobiados y Cabreados
- Ciudadanos En Blanco
- Los Verdes de la Comunidad de Madrid
- Carlist Party (1970–present)
- Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista (1986–present)
- Partido Cannabis
- Partido del Karma Democrático
- Partido Humanista (1984–present)
- Zutik
- Internet Party (2009–present)
- For a Fairer World (PM+J) (2004–present)
- Por una Europa de los Trabajadores y los Pueblos - No a la Constitucion Europea - coalition of PCPE and LI-LIT.CI
- Unidad Regionalista Asturiana
- Unión Centrista Liberal
- Zornotza Eginez (local)
- Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
- Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
- Bloque por Asturies
- Coalición Asturiana
- Unidá
- Coalición Europea
- Coalición Liberal - European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party
- Extremadura Unida (1980–present)
- Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
- Los Parados
- Pirates of Catalonia (Pirata.cat)
- Los Verdes Ecopacifistas
- Lucha Internacionalista
- Nueva Izquierda Verde
- Nuevo Partido por la Democracia[10][11]
- Partido de Acción Socialista (PASOC)
- Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
- Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
- Partido Libertario (2009–present)
- Alianza Nacional (2006–present)
- Partido Familia y Vida
- Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]
- Actúa (2017–present)
- Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]
- Partido Ibérico Inicio
- Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
- Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
- Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
- Partido Obrero Socialista Internacionalista
- Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)[12]
- SOMOS España
Socially conservative parties
- Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
Communist parties
- Communist Unification of Spain (1973–present)
- Partido Comunista Obrero Español PCOE (1973–present)
- Partido Comunista de los Pueblos de España (1984–present)(PCPE)
- Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (2006–present)
- Revolutionary Left (2017–present)
- Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
Nationalist parties
- Democracia Nacional (1995–present)
- España 2000 (2002–present)
- Party for Freedom (Spain) (2013–present)
Defunct parties
Defunct major parties
- Partido Socialista Popular (1968–1978)
- National Union (Spain) (1979–1982)
- Alianza Popular, refounded as Partido Popular (1976–1989)
- Partido Liberal, absorbed into the Partido Popular (1976–1989)
- Unión de Centro Democrático (1977–1983), refounded as Centro Democrático y Social (1982-2006) (merged into Partido Popular)
- Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Partido Socialista de Euskadi (1977–1993)
- Partido Demócrata Popular, absorbed into the Partido Popular (1982–1989)
- Partit Socialista de Mallorca, absorbed into PSM - Nationalist Agreement
- Partido Reformista Democrático (1983-1986)
- Unió Valenciana (1982-2014)
- Partido Andalucista (PA) (1965–2015)
- Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002-2008), outlawed
- Herri Batasuna (1978-2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001-2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
- Euskal Herritarrok (1998-2003), banned
- Convergence and Union (1978-2015)
- Aralar (2000-2017)
- Nafarroa Bai (2004-2015)
- Amaiur (2011-2015)
- Platform for Catalonia (2002-2019) (Merged into Vox)
- Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020)
Defunct minor parties
- National Alliance July 18 (1977)
- Spanish Solidarity (1982-1984)
- Movimiento Social Republicano (1999–2018)
- Acción Nacionalista Vasca (1930-2008), outlawed
- Askatasuna (1998-2009), banned
- Herritarren zerrenda (2004), banned
- Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
- Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
- Coalición Galega (1983–2012)
- Tierra Comunera - Partido nacionalista Castellano (1988–2009)
- Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995-2005) (Merged into Alianza Nacional)
- Partido Demócrata Español (1996-2008)
- Nós-Unidade Popular (2001–2015) (Us-People Unity)
- Unidad Cántabra (2002–2011)
- Unión del Pueblo Salmantino, Salamanca (2002–2014)
- Otra Democracia Es Posible (2003-2006)
- Frente Nacional (National Front) (2006–2011)
Historic parties
Reign of Isabella II
- Moderate Party (1834-1874)
- Progressive Party (1834-1874)
- Democratic Party (1849-1869)
- Liberal Union (1858-1874)
Sexenio Democrático
- Moderate Party (1834-1874)
- Progressive Party (1834-1874)
- Democratic Party (1849-1869)
- Liberal Union (1858-1874)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869-1937)
- Radical Democratic Party (1871-1880)
- Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868-1912)
- Constitutional Party (1872-1880)
Bourbon restoration
- Conservative Party (1876-1931)
- Liberal Party (1880-1931)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869-1937)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901-1936)
- Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910-1917)
- Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909-1919)
- Maurist Party (1913-1930)
- Reformist Party (1912-1924)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Spanish Patriotic Union (1924-1930)
Right-wing / National Front
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Action (1930-1933)
- Spanish Agrarian Party (1934-1936)
- Spanish Nationalist Party (1930-1936)
- Spanish Renovation (1933-1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869-1937)
Left-wing / Popular Front
- Republican Left (1934–1959)
- Republican Union (1934-1958)
Others
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- FE de las JONS (1934-1937)
- Falange española (1933-1934)
- Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931-1934)
- Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929-1934)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901-1936)
- Liberal Republican Right (1930-1936)
- Republican Action (1925-1934)
- Conservative Republican Party (1932-1936)
- Party of the Democratic Centre (1936-1939)
Francoist Spain
- Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
- FE de las JONS (1934-1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869-1937)
See also
- Politics of Spain
- List of political parties by country
- List of political parties in Catalonia
- List of political parties in Galicia
- Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
- Republicanism in Spain
- Anarchism in Spain
- The far-right in Spain
- Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain
- List of registered political parties in Spain by geographic location
References
- "Composición - Congreso de los Diputados". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- País, El (1989-01-20). "Fraga se empleó a fondo para lograr que el congreso de AP cambie el nombre del partido". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- "Rivera: Ciudadanos ha demostrado que "el centro político existe" y será "fundamental en la nueva Transición". Diario de Noticias de Navarra". www.noticiasdenavarra.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- "Catalonia election: full results". The Guardian.
- "Navarra ensaya el gran pacto electoral: UPN, PP y Ciudadanos concurrirán juntos a las generales". abc (in Spanish). 2019-03-10. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
- Press, Europa (2020-02-20). "Ciudadanos pacta con el PP ocupar el segundo puesto de las listas por Álava y Vizcaya en las elecciones vascas". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
- Marcos, Ana (2019-09-26). "Más País y Equo llegan a un preacuerdo para presentarse en diez provincias". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- Press, Europa (2019-09-30). "Registrada Més Compromís, la coalición de Más País y Compromís par la Comunidad Valenciana". www.europapress.es. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- "El catalán de la Franja se denominará 'lapao' en Aragón". La Vanguardia. May 6, 2013.
- "La entrevista: 'Somos un ejemplo para los jóvenes'". Pinares Noticias (in Spanish). June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
- Antón, B. (June 11, 2014). "La vocación por bandera". Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved June 27, 2014.
- Press, Europa (2019-04-29). "Resultados elecciones generales 2019 - Muerte al Sistema, el Partido RISA y Unión de Todos: estos son los partidos menos votados el 28-A". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-04-30.
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