European Union Settlement Scheme

The European Union Settlement Scheme is a scheme launched in 2019 by the Home Office to process the registration of EU citizens resident in the United Kingdom prior to its departure from the European Union.

This article is about the immigration status applicable to EU nationals resident in the United Kingdom, after its departure on 31 January 2020 from the European Union. For immigration status of EU nationals prior to the UK's formal departure, see Citizenship of the European Union § Free movement rights.

Successful applicants receive either 'Pre-settled status' or 'Settled status', depending on the length of time they have been resident in the United Kingdom.[1]

Application process

The application process is predominately digital. Applicants are required to use an NFC-enabled device to scan the biometric chip on their relevant identification document, after which they are free to complete the application on any internet-enabled device.

During the early stages of the Scheme's rollout process, there was a £65 fee for applicants above the age of 16 (the fee was halved for younger applicants) at the point of application. This was, however, dropped following pressure from a number of groups and individuals.[2]

To complete an application through the online portal, citizens must have a valid passport or national identity card, and may be asked to provide proof of continuous residence if checks with the Department for Work and Pensions and Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs cannot confirm the duration of stay using the applicant's National Insurance number.

Eligibility

The EU Settlement Scheme applies to all EU, EEA and Swiss citizens resident in the United Kingdom prior to its departure from the European Union, and their family members. Relevant nationals who are not in their own right British nationals, or who do not already have indefinite leave to enter the UK or indefinite leave to remain in the UK, and who wish to remain in the United Kingdom, are required to apply under the Scheme lest they face enforcement action.

All applicants must have started living in the UK by 31 December 2020. 'Settled status' requires five years of continuous residence; this is defined as living in the UK, the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man for five consecutive years, and for at least six months in any 12-month period during those years. Longer absences are permitted for specified reasons, such as one period of up to 12 months for childbirth, illness, study, training or a work posting.[1]

Rights granted

Settled status

Citizens resident in the UK prior to 31 December 2020 and exercising Treaty rights for a continuous period exceeding five years ('continuous residence') will usually receive 'settled status' – formally Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) under Appendix EU to the Immigration Rules.[3] They are able to remain in the UK as long as they wish, subject to conditions, and retain the same rights to employment, welfare, education and public funds as previously; they may also apply for British citizenship.

Citizens with 'settled status' may spend up to exactly five continuous years outside the United Kingdom without impacting their immigration status, and will lose their 'settled status' if they spend any continuous time of five years and a day or longer outside the UK. Similarly, close family members may join citizens with 'settled status' before 31 December 2020, or 31 of December 2025 for the spouses and civil partners of Swiss citizens; these close family members must register on the Scheme when they become resident.

Children born in the UK to parents, at least one of whom is a citizen with 'settled status' at the time of the child's birth, automatically have British citizenship from birth. Children born in the UK, at least one of whose parents acquire 'settled status' after the child's birth, have an entitlement to acquire citizenship before the child's 18th birthday.

Pre-settled status

Citizens who started living in the UK on or before 31 December 2020 but do not have five years' continuous residence at the time they apply, are usually granted pre-settled status. They are allowed to stay in the UK for a further five years from the date of grant, and can apply during that time to change their status to 'settled', on completing five years' continuous residence.[1] Pre-settled status is lost if a continuous period of longer than two years is spent outside the UK.[1] Moreover, time outside the UK totalling six months (180 days) or more within any 12-month period may disqualify an individual from receiving settled status at the end of five years. (There is an exception allowing a single absence of up to 12 months for an "important reason" as well as exceptions for certain absences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.)[4][5]

Others

Rights and status of all EU, EEA and Swiss citizens living in the UK remain unchanged until 30 June 2021.[1]

Statistics

By 31 October 2021, the Home Office had received 6,287,700 applications to the EU settlement scheme. Of these 5,529,600 were granted settled or pre-settled status whilst 378,400 were either refused, invalid, withdrawn or void. The countries with the most applications were Romania (1,133,980) and Poland (1,124,930) whilst the countries with the fewest were Liechtenstein (80) and Luxembourg (1,840).[6]

530,290 applications to the scheme where repeat applicants meaning that an estimated 5,655,230 people had applied to the scheme.

Number of EU Settlement Scheme applications by nationality, 28 August 2018 to 30 September 2021[7]
Country Total
Austria 25,170
Belgium 45,230
Bulgaria 330,720
Croatia 13,540
Cyprus 29,530
Czech Republic 75,170
Denmark 30,950
Estonia 15,300
Finland 22,280
France 236,710
Germany 167,920
Greece 135,820
Hungary 158,830
Iceland 2,720
Ireland 15,800
Italy 560,720
Latvia 142,040
Liechtenstein 80
Lithuania 278,290
Luxembourg 1,840
Malta 8,190
Netherlands 147,980
Norway 38,820
Poland 1,124,930
Portugal 427,470
Romania 1,133,980
Slovakia 129,290
Slovenia 5,270
Spain 364,170
Sweden 90,560
Switzerland 20,400

References
  1. "Apply to the EU Settlement Scheme (settled and pre-settled status)". gov.uk. UK Government. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  2. Walker, Peter (21 January 2019). "May drops £65 fee for EU nationals seeking post-Brexit settled status". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  3. "Immigration Rules Appendix EU". gov.uk. UK Government. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  4. "What happens if I spend some time outside the UK? - Advice and Counselling Service". www.welfare.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  5. "Coronavirus (COVID-19): EU Settlement Scheme - guidance for applicants". GOV.UK. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  6. "EU Settlement Scheme statistics". GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  7. "EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, September 2021". GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
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