Process–architecture–optimization model

Process–architecture–optimization is a development model for central processing units (CPUs) that Intel adopted in 2016. Under this three-phase (three-year) model, every microprocessor die shrink is followed by a microarchitecture change and then by one or more optimizations. It replaced the two-phase (two-year) tick–tock model that Intel adopted in 2006. The tick–tock model was no longer economically sustainable, according to Intel, because production of ever smaller dies becomes ever more costly.[1][2][3][4][5]

Wave[6] Process
(shrink)		ArchitectureOptimizations Optional
backport[7][8]
1:
14 nm		 2014:
Broadwell
(5th gen)		 2015:
Skylake
(6th gen)		 2016:
Kaby Lake
(7th gen)		 2017:
Coffee Lake
(8th gen)		 2018:
Coffee Lake Refresh
(9th gen)		 2019:
Comet Lake
(10th gen)		 2021:
Rocket Lake
(11th gen, Cypress Cove)
References:[1][3][6][9]
2:
10 nm
(Intel 7)		 2018:[note 1]
Cannon Lake
(8th gen, Palm Cove)		 2019:
Ice Lake
(10th gen, Sunny Cove)		 2020:
Tiger Lake
(11th gen, Willow Cove)		 2021:
Alder Lake
(12th gen, Golden Cove)		 2022:
Raptor Lake
(13th gen, Raptor Cove)
References:[1][10][9][11][12]
3:
Intel 4
and
Intel 3		 2023:
Meteor Lake
(14th gen, Redwood Cove)
References:[13]

See also

Notes
  1. Cannon Lake: only 1 CPU released, microarchitecture dumped 1.5 year later.

References
  1. Tick Tock On The Rocks: Intel Delays 10nm, Adds 3rd Gen 14nm Core Product "Kaby Lake". AnandTech. 16 July 2015.
  2. Cutress, Ian. "Intel's 'Tick-Tock' Seemingly Dead, Becomes 'Process-Architecture-Optimization'".
  3. eTeknix.com (23 March 2016). "Intel Ditches 'Tick-Tock' for 'Process-Architecture-Optimization' - eTeknix".
  4. "Intel Tick-Tock Processor Model Replaced With Process-Architecture-Optimization - Legit Reviews". 23 March 2016.
  5. "Intel 7th Gen Core: Process Architecture Optimization". 30 August 2016.
  6. Intel Launches 7th Generation Kaby Lake: 15W/28W with Iris, 35-91W Desktop and Mobile Xeon - 03 January 2017.
  7. Cutress, Dr Ian. "Intel's Manufacturing Roadmap from 2019 to 2029: Back Porting, 7nm, 5nm, 3nm, 2nm, and 1.4 nm". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  8. December 2019, Arne Verheyde 11. "Intel Process Roadmap Shows 1.4nm in 2029, Two-Year Cadence (Updated)". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  9. Intel’s Path to 10nm: 2010 to 2019 - 25 January 2019
  10. Intel's 10nm Cannon Lake and Core i3-8121U Deep Dive Review - 25 January 2019.
  11. Intel Raptor Lake's rumoured 24 cores could crush multi-threaded applications - 11 June 2021.
  12. Cutress, Ian (26 July 2021). "Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A". www.anandtech.com.
  13. Meteor Lake, Intel's first 7nm CPU, to tape in before July this year and release in 2023 - 23 March 2021.


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