Statutory city (Czech Republic)

Statutory city status is partially ceremonial; the mayor is called primátor, rather than the starosta of other municipalities. Statutory cities are allowed to subdivide into self-governing city boroughs (sg. městský obvod or city parts městská část) with their own elected councils; such a statutory city has to issue a statute (statut) that delimits power to boroughs. As of 2021 only seven statutory cities have done so. Cities Brno, Plzeň, Ústí nad Labem and Pardubice are divided into city boroughs, and Liberec has only one city borough with rest of the city being administered directly. Brno is divided into city parts, and Opava has eight city parts rest of the city being administered directly. Also the capital of Prague, while not being de iure statutory city, is subdivided into similar self-governing boroughs.

The model is derived from its common origin in Austria-Hungary. Until 1928, 11 cities in the Czech lands received the statutory city title: Prague, Liberec, Brno, Jihlava, Kroměříž, Olomouc, Uherské Hradiště, Znojmo, Opava, Frýdek, and Bielsko (which became a part of Poland in 1920). On 1 December 1928 their count was reduced to five (Prague, Liberec, Brno, Olomouc and Opava). In 1942 Plzeň became a statutory city.[1]

Between 1949 and 1967, the institute of statutory cities was canceled by reform in self-government and the establishment of regions. Only Prague remained a de facto statutory city. After 1967, several cities received similar position as Prague (Brno, Plzeň, Ostrava and Ústí nad Labem), but the statutory city title wasn't used.[1]

The concept was renewed after the fall of communism by the Act on Municipalities in 1990, which established 13 statutory cities in addition to Prague, the capital city which is still a de facto statutory city.[1]

Unlike Austria, before districts of the Czech Republic were abolished only the three largest cities (Brno, Ostrava and Plzeň) constituted a district (okres) on their own; the others were a part (though always a capital, except Havířov) of a district with smaller municipalities. As the prestige associated with statutory city status grew, 12 additional statutory cities were created by the Act on Municipalities in 2000[2] and its four later amendments.

There are only two statutory cities, Havířov and Třinec, that are not seats of their eponymous districts.

Since August 2018, there are 26 statutory cities (plus Prague), comprising all the Czech cities over 40 thousand inhabitants (and Třinec):

Name	Population[3]	Area (km²)	Region	Statutory city since[1]
Prague	1,335,084	496	Prague	"time immemorial"
Brno	382,405	230	South Moravian	1990
Ostrava	284,982	214	Moravian-Silesian	1990
Plzeň	175,219	138	Plzeň	1990
Liberec	104,261	106	Liberec	1990
Olomouc	100,514	103	Olomouc	1990
České Budějovice	94,229	56	South Bohemian	1990
Hradec Králové	92,683	106	Hradec Králové	1990
Ústí nad Labem	91,982	94	Ústí nad Labem	1990
Pardubice	91,755	78	Pardubice	1990
Zlín	74,478	119	Zlín	1990
Havířov	70,165	32	Moravian-Silesian	1990
Kladno	68,896	37	Central Bohemian	2000
Most	65,341	87	Ústí nad Labem	2000
Opava	55,996	91	Moravian-Silesian	1990
Frýdek-Místek	55,006	52	Moravian-Silesian	2006
Jihlava	51,125	88	Vysočina	2000
Karviná	50,902	57	Moravian-Silesian	2003
Teplice	49,705	24	Ústí nad Labem	2003
Chomutov	48,349	29	Ústí nad Labem	2006
Karlovy Vary	48,319	59	Karlovy Vary	1990
Děčín	47,951	118	Ústí nad Labem	2006
Jablonec nad Nisou	45,317	31	Liberec	2012
Mladá Boleslav	44,506	29	Central Bohemian	2003
Prostějov	43,381	39	Olomouc	2012
Přerov	42,451	58	Olomouc	2006
Třinec	34,778	85	Moravian-Silesian	2018