Symbiotaphrina

Symbiotaphrina is a genus including seven species of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, distantly related to other Pezizomycotina.[1][2]

Symbiotaphrina
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Subdivision:
Pezizomycotina
Class:
Xylonomycetes
Order:
Symbiotaphrinales
Family:
Symbiotaphrinaceae
Genus:
Symbiotaphrina

Kühlw. & Jurzitza ex W. Gams & Arx
Type species
Symbiotaphrina buchneri
Gräbner ex W. Gams & Arx

Taxonomy

Sexual states of Symbiotaphrina species (formerly included in the discomycete genus Tromeropsis) are black disk-shaped apothecia with multi-spored asci, and one-celled, unpigmented ascospores. The apothecia can revived for several years when dry.[2]

The asexual states of Symbiotraphrina species are yeast-like endosymbionts of Anobiid beetles (e.g. the cigarette beetle Lasioderma and the related Stegobium). The ellipsoidal yeast cells have monopolar budding.[3] A few species also have mycelial asexual states with conidium-producing pores ("phialides") in somatic hyphae.[2]

Ecology and physiology

Symbiotaphrina species can be found on dry, decayed wood. A few live in Anobiid beetles in a specialized structure (a "mycetome") between the fore- and mid-gut. Cells are transmitted between host generations when adults rub them onto egg surfaces eaten by hatched larvae. These fungi assist beetles with B-vitamin biosynthesis, fatty acid and sterol metabolism, and break down flavonoids and other toxins.[4]

Symbiotic Symbiotaphrina species can be isolated in axenic culture by aseptically dissecting beetle guts, spreading them onto agar, with incubation at 26 °C.[5]

References
  1. Jones, KG; Blackwell, M (1996). "Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis places the yeast-like genus Symbiotaphrina within filamentous ascomycetes". Mycologia. 88 (2): 212–218.
  2. Baral, HO; Weber, E; Marson, G; Quijada, L (2018). "A new connection between wood saprobism and beetle endosymbiosis: the rarely reported saprobic discomycete Tromeropsis is congeneric with the symbiotic yeast Symbiotaphrina (Symbiotaphrinales, Xylonomycetes) and two asexual morphs misplaced in Hyphozyma". Mycological Progress. 17 (1): 215–254.
  3. Jurzitza, G (1964). "Studien an der symbiose der anobiiden". Archiv für Mikrobiologie. 49 (4): 331–340.
  4. Shen, SK; Dowd, PF (Detoxification spectrum of the cigarette beetle symbiont Symbiotaphrina kochii in culture). "Detoxification spectrum of the cigarette beetle symbiont Symbiotaphrina kochii in culture". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 60 (1): 331–340. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. Noda, H; Kodama, K (1996). "Phylogenetic position of yeastlike endosymbionts of anobiid beetles". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62 (1): 162–167.
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