Third Generation of Nigerian Writers

The Third Generation of Nigeria Writers is an emerging phase in Nigerian literature, in which there became a major shift in the method of publishing. This set of writers are known for writing post-independence novels and poems.[lower-alpha 1][1] These generation is believed to be influenced to be influenced by the western world,[2] politics[3] and the generations of Chinua Achebe.[4] The emergence of the third generation of Nigerian writers has changed the publishing sector with a resurgence of new publishing firms such as Kachifo Limited, Parrésia Publishers, Cassava Republic Press amongst others.[5][6] These new set of writers create new genres and themes as racism, class, abuse and violence.[7][8]

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Etymology

The word was coined by Nigeria author Professor Pius Adesanmi and Chris Dunton in their publication titled Nigeria's Third Generation Writing: Historiography and Preliminary Theoretical Considerations in 2005.[9][10][11][12][13]

Beginning

Since the early 1990s, several novels have been published to mark the advent of the third generation of Nigerian writers. During this time, some Nigerian writers wrote breakaway literature writings, which were quite different from the norm; such writings include: The Famished Road (1991) by Ben Okri, The Icarus Girl (2005) by Helen Oyeyemi, GraceLand (2004) by Chris Abani and Masters of the Board also by Chris Abani amongst other.

Breakout

The third generation of Nigerian writers have experimented different genres and styles. The most prominent of the third generation of writers is conceived to be Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie who started off with Purple Hibiscus. Another is Okey Ndibe whose debut novel Arrows of Rain "has been applauded as a faithful representation of social consciousness and political activism that run through the third-generation of Nigerian novelists." Helon Habila, whose Waiting for an Angel has been said be interwoven with that of Adichie's and Ndibe. One of the notable events is the emergence of Africanfuturism, a genre pioneered by Nigerian American writer, Nnedi Okorafor. this has led to the introduction of speculative fiction to the Nigerian literary space with writers such as Suyi Davies Okungbowa, Mazi Nwonwu, Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, Chinelo Onwualu, Tade Thompson, A. Igoni Barrett taking on the new genre.[14][15][16][17] Mazi Nwonwu writing for Strange Horizons described the new set of stories a "tradition of spinning tales."[18] In Comics, third generation comics exist, Comic Republic Global Network, a Lagos-based publishers are prominent in creating Africanfuturist superheroes like Guardian Prime.[19][20] Laguardia, a comic book by Nnedi Okorafor is associated with Africanfuturism.[21]

Use of the new media

The third generation of Nigerian writers has used the new media sector as a medium to showcase their stories and poem to a worldwide audience.[22][23] This new medium has introduced the use of literary magazine's such as Omenana Magazine, Saraba Magazine, Jalada amongst others as a means of publishing and distribution.[5] This has been criticised by Nigerian critics such as Sinatu Ojikutu, Ikhide Ikheloa and Olu Obafemi.[22][24]

See also

Nigerian Literature

References
  1. Coker, Oluwole (April 23, 2017). "Theorising third-generation Nigerian novels". The Guardian. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  2. Coffey, Meredith Armstrong (May 25, 2016). Narrow nationalisms and third generation Nigerian fiction (Thesis). doi:10.15781/T2X63B60G. Retrieved October 6, 2021 – via University of Texas Libraries.
  3. Egya, Sule E. (July 2012). "Historicity, power, dissidence: The third-generation poetry and military oppression in Nigeria". African Affairs. 444 (111): 424–441. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads025 – via Oxford Academic.
  4. Courtois, Cédric (April 1, 2018). ""In this Country, the Very Air We Breathe Is Politics": Helon Habila and the Flowing Together of Politics and Poetics". Commonwealth Essays and Studies. 40 (2): 55–68. doi:10.4000/ces.289 – via OpenEdition.org.
  5. Shercliff, Emma (December 9, 2015). "The changing face of Nigerian literature". British Council. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  6. Bookshy (2012). "52 Years of Nigerian Literature: The Third Generation". BookShy. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  7. Features, BellaNaija (January 1, 2018). "10 Contemporary Nigerian Writers To Look Out For in 2018". BellaNaija.
  8. Alter, Alexandra (November 23, 2017). "A Wave of New Fiction From Nigeria, as Young Writers Experiment With New Genres". New York Times.
  9. Adesanmi, Pius; Dunton, Chris (2005). "Nigeria's Third Generation Writing: Historiography and Preliminary Theoretical Considerations". English in Africa. 32 (1): 7–19. JSTOR 40239026 – via JSTOR.
  10. Dalley, Hamish (2013). "The Idea of "Third Generation Nigerian Literature": Conceptualizing Historical Change and Territorial Affiliation in the Contemporary Nigerian Novel". Research in African Literatures. 44 (4): 15–34. doi:10.2979/reseafrilite.44.4.15. JSTOR 10.2979/reseafrilite.44.4.15. S2CID 143625804 – via JSTOR.
  11. Awuzie, Solomon (September 25, 2015). "Didacticism and the Third Generation of African Writers: Chukwuma Ibezute's The Temporal Gods and Goddess in the Cathedral". Tydskrif vir Letterkunde. 52 (2): 159–175. doi:10.4314/TVL.V52I2.11 – via SciELO.
  12. Ojaide, Tanure (September 25, 2015). "Contemporary Africa and the Politics in Literature". In Ojaide, Tanure (ed.). Indigeneity, Globalization, and African Literature: Personally Speaking. African Histories and Modernities. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 19–41. doi:10.1057/9781137560032_2. ISBN 9781137560032 – via Springer Link.
  13. Jones, Rebecca (September 25, 2011). "Nigerian 'third generation' writing and the idea of home in Helen Oyeyemi's The Icarus Girl and Sefi Atta's Everything Good Will Come". African Renaissance. 8 (2): 39–58 – via AfricaBib.
  14. https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/african-speculative-fiction-is-finally-getting-its-due-lets-talk-about-books-to-seek-out/2021/05/13/d26ec060-9944-11eb-a6d0-13d207aadb78_story.html
  15. Ibrahim, Anifowoshe (October 22, 2020). "10 African SFF Novels That Offer a Breath of Fresh Air". Tor.com.
  16. "Nigerian author Tade Thompson takes the science fiction world by storm". The Africa Report.com. January 22, 2021.
  17. Alter, Alexandra (October 6, 2017). "Nnedi Okorafor and the Fantasy Genre She Is Helping Redefine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  18. April 2019, Mazi Nwonwu Issue: 29 (April 30, 2019). "The State of Play of Nigerian SFF Today".
  19. "African Avengers: the comic book creators shaking up superhero genre". The Guardian. February 3, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  20. "Digital comics change the way the world sees Africa - CNN Video" (video), CNN, November 23, 2016, retrieved October 8, 2021
  21. Chukwuebuka Ibeh (October 12, 2020). "Nnedi Okorafor's LaGuardia Wins 2020 Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story or Comic". Brittle Paper. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  22. Idowu, Tobi (July 1, 2018). "Young writers expand frontiers of Nigerian literature on social media". The Guardian. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  23. Whiteman, Myne (May 15, 2011). "Social Media and the future of books in Nigeria". Vanguard Nigeria Newspaper. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  24. Times, Premium (August 26, 2021). "Descent from Humanism: Literature, music, and the media, By Olu Obafemi". Premium Times. Retrieved October 8, 2021.

Notes
  1. They have also been referred to as Twenty-first century writer and Fifth generation writers [1]
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