Trillium chloropetalum

Trillium chloropetalum, also known as giant trillium,[4] giant wakerobin,[5] or common trillium,[6] is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in the coast ranges of California and the Sierra Nevada foothills, from Siskiyou County to Santa Barbara and Madera Counties.[7]

Trillium chloropetalum

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Melanthiaceae
Genus: Trillium
Species:
T. chloropetalum
Binomial name
Trillium chloropetalum
Synonyms[2][3]
T. chloropetalum
    • Trillium giganteum var. chloropetalum (Torr.) R.R.Gates
    • Trillium sessile var. chloropetalum Torr.
T. chloropetalum var. giganteum
    • Trillium chloropetalum subsp. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) A.E.Murray
    • Trillium giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) A.Heller
    • Trillium sessile var. californicum S.Watson
    • Trillium sessile subsp. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) A.E.Murray
    • Trillium sessile var. giganteum Hook. & Arn.

Taxonomy

As of November 2021, Kew's Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts two infraspecific names:[2]

  • Trillium chloropetalum var. chloropetalum
  • Trillium chloropetalum var. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) Munz

The petals of T. chloropetalum var. chloropetalum always show yellow pigments, which are often masked with purple or other pigments.[8] In contrast, the petals of T. chloropetalum var. giganteum lack yellow pigments.[9] Thus the varieties are only weakly differentiated and should probably be dropped.[4]

In the San Francisco Bay Area, a white-petaled form of T. chloropetalum var. giganteum is often confused with T. albidum, which also has white petals. The former is distinguished by the purple pigment in its anther connective tissue, a character lacking in T. albidum.[10]

Description

Trillium chloropetalum is a perennial herbaceous plant that blooms from late February to early or mid April. The petal color is variable, from dark red to white. Like other Trillium species the leaves and flowers are grouped in threes. It is clump-forming and prefers a shady woodland habitat.[4]

Uses

The variety Trillium chloropetalum var. giganteum, with its deep maroon flower petals, gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1993.[11][12]

Bibliography
  • Case, Frederick W.; Case, Roberta B. (1997). Trilliums. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-374-2.
  • Freeman, J. D. (1975). "Revision of Trillium subgenus Phyllantherum (Liliaceae)". Brittonia. 27 (1): 1–62. doi:10.2307/2805646. JSTOR 2805646. S2CID 20824379.

References
  1. "Trillium chloropetalum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. "Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  3. "Trillium chloropetalum var. giganteum (Hook. & Arn.) Munz". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  4. Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium chloropetalum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. "Trillium chloropetalum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  6. "Trillium chloropetalum". Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database – via www.calflora.org.
  7. "Trillium chloropetalum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  8. Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium chloropetalum var. chloropetalum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  9. Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium chloropetalum var. giganteum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  10. Freeman (1975), p. 51.
  11. "Trillium chloropetalum var. giganteum". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  12. "Ornamentals AGM Plants March 2020" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. p. 112. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
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