United States military beret flash

In the United States (US) Department of Defense, a beret flash is a shield-shaped embroidered cloth that is 2.25 in (5.72 cm) tall and 1.875 in (4.76 cm) wide with a semi-circular base that is attached to a stiffener backing of a military beret.[1][2][3][4] These flashes—a British word for colorful embroidered patches worn on military berets—are worn over the left eye with the excess cloth of the beret shaped, folded, and pulled over the right ear giving it a distinctive appearance.[1][2][3] The embroidered designs of the Army's beret flashes represent the heraldic colors and patterns of a unit with a unique mission or represent the Army overall.[5] The Air Force's beret flashes represent their Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) or their assignment to a unit with a unique mission.[2] Joint beret flashes—such as those worn by the Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE) and the Multinational Force and Observers—are worn by all who are assigned to the joint unit, given their uniform regulation allow.[6][7]

Wear of beret flashes in US military
US Army Special Forces NCOs wearing rifle–green berets with various organizational beret flashes, each denoting different Special Forces groups, with the 1st Special Forces Command DUI attached to them
A US Army officer wearing tan beret with the 75th Ranger RGT Beret Flash bearing lieutenant colonel rank insignia
A US Air Force officer wearing black beret with TACP Beret Flash and crest along with miniature captain rank insignia
US Air Force NCOs and officers wearing brown berets and CAA Beret Flash; one NCO affixing his Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape Specialist crest (left) and two officers affixing their rank insignia (major) (left of center and right) to the CAA Beret Flash.
A US Air Force officer and US Army NCO wearing maroon berets with JCSE Beret Flash bearing colonel rank insignia for the officer and the JCSE DUI for the NCO
A Canadian Army officer and a US Army NCO wearing orange berets with Multinational Force and Observers Beret Flash, one metal (left) and one embroidered (right)

With the exception of some joint beret flashes, Army soldiers and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) affix their Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI) to the center of their beret flash unless assigned to a unit not authorized a DUI, then their regimental distinctive insignia is worn.[1] Army warrant officers and commissioned officers affix their polished metal rank insignia to their beret flash while chaplains affix their polished metal branch insignia.[1] Air Force commissioned officers in the Security Forces or assigned to a Combat Aviation Advisor (CAA) squadron (SQN) wear their beret flash in the same manner as the Army.[2][8] while Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) officers attach a miniature version of their polished metal rank insignia below the TACP Crest both fitting within the borders of the TACP Beret Flash.[2] Air Force airman and NCOs only wear their beret flash or beret flash with crest.[2][8]

US Department of Defense beret flash history

US Army

509th Parachute Infantry RGT Beret Flash, est. 1944[3]

Throughout its history, Army units have adopted different headgear and headgear devices—such as various color accoutrements and insignias—to identify specific units, the unique mission of a unit, and/or the unique roles of soldiers.[4][9][10] According to some historians, the first US military use of a beret flash was created and worn by the 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment (RGT).[3][11][12] The 509th trained with the British 1st Airborne Division (Div) during World War II and was made honorary members of the British airborne forces in 1943, entitling them to wear the maroon beret worn by British paratroopers.[12][13] Some 509th paratroopers had a small hand-embroidered version of their RGT's gold and black pocket–patch created for use as their beret flash on their honorary maroon berets.[3][11][12][14] The design of the 509th's pocket–patch depicts a stylized figure of a paratrooper standing at the exit–door of an aircraft wearing a reserve parachute with an artistic rendering of the number "509" surrounding the paratrooper's head and the word "GERONIMO" displayed at the base of the door.[3][11][12][14]

11th Special Forces Group Beret Flash—note design similarities with the unit's recognition bar
11th Special Forces Group Recognition Bar
A medical corps paratrooper with the 11th Special Forces Group wearing rifle–green beret with 1st Special Forces DUI above his unit's recognition bar, c.1967[15]

The official start of the Army's beret flashes began in 1961 with Department of the Army Message 578636 authorizing the establishment of organizational beret flashes for wear on the special forces' rifle–green beret.[3][16] In this message, the beret flash is described as shield-shaped with a semi-circular base made of felt 2 in (51 mm) tall and 1.625 in (41 mm) wide using solid colors to represent each of the special forces groups of the era.[3][16] The message also described who was authorized to wear the organizational beret flash stating that only special operations qualified paratroopers would be permitted to wear their special forces unit's organizational beret flash with 1st Special Force—later designated 1st Special Forces Command (CMD)—DUI or polished metal officer rank insignia affixed while non-qualified paratroopers were to wear their Parachutist Badge with officers affixing their polished metal rank isignia below it.[16] Later, non-qualified soldiers assigned to a special forces unit wore a cloth recognition bar, 1.875 in (4.76 cm) long and 0.5 in (1.27 cm) wide color and pattern matched to their unit's organizational beret flash below the 1st Special Forcs DUI or polished metal officer rank insignia.[4][17][18]

1st BN, 508th Infantry cloth insignias
Background trimming
Beret flash
Note the design similarities between the background trimming and beret flash
A color guard from the 82nd Airborne Div's 3rd BDE, 1st BN, 508th Infantry stand in review wearing maroon berets with there new BN specific organizational beret flash with there regiment's DUI affixed, 1975[19]

Other beret accouterments began to appear in the 1960s and 70s, particularly between 1973 and 1979 when the Department of the Army had its morale-enhancing order in effect and various colored berets began to be worn by numerous units and branches of the Army.[20][21][22][23] Historical photographs from the 1960s through the 1970s show soldiers assigned to Long-Range Reconnaissance and Patrol units wearing black berets with a wide variety of custom-made beret flashes that were worn over the left eye (see Example 1).[23] In 1973, Army leaders authorized the wear of the maroon beret by airborne units.[20][23] Within a year or so, paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne Div began incorporating organizational beret flashes onto their maroon berets pattered after their unit's background trimming—which made their debut in World War II[24]—behind their DUI or polished metal officer rank insignia and worn over the left eye.[1][19][25] Similarly, in 1974 Army leaders authorized the 101st Airborne Div at Fort Campbell to wear the dark-blue beret when it was reorganized into an air assault unit.[9][21][23][26][27][28] Army articles and historical photographs of 101st soldiers show them wearing traditional organizational beret flashes patterned after their unit's background trimming—just like the 82nd Airborne's—but with enlisted affixing their DUI and NCOs and officers affixing their polished metal rank insignia.[9][23][26][28] Between 1976 and 1977, 101st soldiers would add their Airmobile Badge—renamed Air Assault Badge in 1978—to their berets and wore them to the left of their beret flash (see Example 2).[9][23][28][29] Some other Fort Campbell units of the era also wore the dark-blue beret as well as red for headquarters command and kelly-green for military police, all with traditional organizational beret flashes.[21][23] In 1975, the Army authorized its ranger units to wear the black beret and if earned these rangers affix their Ranger Tab to the top edge of their organizational beret flash and wore it over their left eye (see Example 3).[23][30] Also during the 1970s, arctic-qualified soldiers of the 172nd Infantry Brigade (BDE) began to wear locally authorized olive-drab berets with traditionally styled organizational beret flashes that were hand-made, unique to each battalion (BN), and were worn in the same manner as they are today (see Example 4).[1][22][23][31] Additionally, versions armor and cavalry units began wearing black berets with some adopting organizational beret flashes of various shapes and colors and wore them differently than other Army units of the era.[21][22][23] For example, armored cavalry RGTs stationed in West Germany began wearing black berets in the 1970s with a maroon and white oval as their beret flash.[21][22][23] These armored cavalry soldiers wore the oval vertically behind their DUI, to the left of their metal rank insignia, and positioned over their left temple (see Example 5).[21][22][23][32] During this same time period, the 1st Cavalry Div was converted into a triple capability division and began wearing different color berets representing the unique capability of each formation: black for armor, light-blue for infantry, red for artillery, and kelly-green for support.[33] Affixed to each triple capability beret was a BN or SQN specific organizational beret flash; some were similar in design to what you see worn today while others were unique in their shape.[3][23] Some historical photographs show soldiers in these triple capability formations wearing their unit's beret in the same manner as the Army's armored cavalry RGTs of the era.[23][32] By 1979, the Army put a stop to the use of berets by conventional forces, leaving only special forces and ranger units the authority to wear berets.[21][22][23]

Example 1
2nd BN, 8th Cavalry, Recon. Platoon Beret Flash
An infantryman with the 1st Cavalry Div, 2nd BN, 8th Cavalry, Reconnaissance Platoon wearing black beret with platoon beret flash, 1970[23]
Example 2
326th Engineer BN Background Trimming—note the design similarities with the 326th's beret flash
326th Engineer BN Beret Flash
An engineer officer with the 101st Airborne Div wearing dark-blue beret with 326th Engineer BN Beret Flash, lieutenant colonel rank insignia, and Airmobile Badge affixed, 1977[23][28]
Example 3
Ranger Training BDE Beret Flash
An infantry NCO with the US Army Infantry School wearing black beret with Ranger Training BDE Beret Flash and 75th Ranger RGT DUI below his Ranger Tab, c.1975[34]
Example 4
1st BN, 60th Inf. Beret Flash
An infantryman with the 172nd Infantry BDE wearing olive-drab beret with 1st BN, 60th Infantry Beret Flash and DUI, c.1970s[23][31]
Example 5
Armored Cavalry Oval
An artillery NCO with the 11th Armored Cavalry RGT wearing black beret with sergeant rank insignia next to Armored Cavalry Oval and DUI, c.1970s[23]

In 1980, the Army reversed part of its decision allowing airborne units to wear maroon berets, ranger units black berets—which switched to tan berets in 2001[22]—and special forces units rifle–green berets.[21][22][35] The Army's 1981 uniform regulation describes the wear of these newly approved berets with the only authorized accoutrements being officer rank insignias, DUIs, organizational beret flashes, and recognition bars.[4][36] The organizational beret flash did not become the norm until 1984 when the recognition bar was discontinued after the Special Forces Tab became authorized for wear by special forces qualified paratroopers and all soldiers assigned to a special forces unit, regardless of qualification, now wear their unit's organizational beret flash on either the rifle-green beret—for special forces qualified paratroopers—or maroon beret—for support paratroopers.[1][17]

In 2000, General Eric Shinseki, Chief of Staff of the Army, decided to make the black beret the standard headgear of the Army.[1][22][37] General Shinseki also decided that a new Department of the Army Beret Flash be worn on the black beret.[22][37][38] This Army flash is worn in the same manner as all beret flashes in the modern Army, centered over the left eye with a unit's DUI or polished metal officer rank insignia affixed to its center.[1] According to Department of the Army Pamphlet 670–1, the Department of the Army Beret Flash is to be worn by all units "unless authorization for another flash was granted before implementing the black beret as a standard Army headgear".[1] Army units can request an organizational beret flash for their formation given it is not for wear on the black beret, as was authorized for the Security Force Assistance CMD and its BDEs for wear on their brown berets.[1][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] In the 21st century, Army organizational beret flashes are worn to signify a specific formation of a specialized unit, such as an active airborne, ranger, special forces, or combat advisor unit.[1][5][10][20] Additionally, there is a unique organizational beret flash worn by special forces soldiers on their rifle-green beret when assigned to a unit not authorized an organizational beret flash.[1]

The Department of the Army Beret Flash is designed to resemble the flag of the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army at the time of its victory at Yorktown in 1781.[22][48]
A soldier from the 2nd Infantry Div's 1st BDE wearing black beret with Department of the Army Beret Flash and 23rd Infantry RGT DUI affixed at Army beret downing ceremony, c.2001[49][50]
The 1st Security Force Assistance BDE Beret Flash is The US Army Institute of Heraldry's first organizational beret flash for a non-airborne unit in the modern Army.[39][42]
A soldier from 1st Security Force Assistance BDE wearing brown beret with unit beret flash and DUI affixed, 2018[51]
Beret flash for special forces personnel assigned to non-special forces units
A special forces qualified officer wearing rifle-green beret with beret flash for special forces personnel not assigned to special forces units with general rank insignia affixed, 2019[52]

The design of all Department of Defense beret flashes are created and/or approved by The US Army Institute of Heraldry.[37] It appears the institute based many of its original Army organizational beret flash designs after an airborne unit's existing background trimming.[5][24] For newer formations authorized an organizational beret flash, the institute will conduct research into the requesting unit's heraldry, as well as design suggestions from the unit, in the creation of a new unit-specific beret flash.[39][53] Leveraging geometrical divisions, shapes, and colors, a heraldic artist will create a design that will represent the history and mission of the requesting unit.[39][53] Once the unit agrees upon a design, the institute will create manufacturing instructions and monitor their creation by companies authorized to produce the organizational beret flash.[53][54][55]

US Air Force

Commando Weatherman Beret Flash, c. 1960s[56]
The 5th Weather SQN Emblem (L) and Beret Flash (R)—note the alchemical symbol for water with representative colors green (Earth), blue (air), and red (fire)[56]

In the mid 1960s, Air Force commando weathermen,[57] formally known as weather parachutists, with Detachment 26 of the 30th Weather SQN and Detachment 32 of the 5th Weather SQN informally wore black berets.[56] The beret flash worn on these berets was a black cloth rectangle with a depiction of a yellow embroidered anemometer surmounted by a fleur-de-lis with the words “Combat Weather” split by the anemometer.[56] From 1970 through the 1980s, weather parachutists with the 5th Weather SQN wore maroon berets with an Army style beret flash that incorporated the SQN's design and colors from their emblem's alchemical symbol for water and wore their Parachutist Badge affixed to the flash.[39][56] In 1979, weather parachutists, now called Special Operations Weather Teams (SOWTs), were authorized to wear navy-blue berets with an Army style beret flash consisting of a blue and black field surrounded by yellow piping.[39][56] Enlisted and NCOs wore their Parachutist Badge affixed to the flash while officers wore their polished metal rank insignia.[56] In 1986, the gray beret was authorized for wear by all SOWTs who continued to wear the aforementioned cloth beret flash until a new large color metallic SOWT Crest was authorized.[56] In 1992, the Air Force approved the return of the SOWT's blue, black, and yellow beret flash from the 70s and affixed their large color metallic SOWT Crest to it.[56] In 1996, the SOWTs assigned to the US Air Force Special Operations CMD (AFSOC) wore a new Army style beret flash while those assigned to Air Combat CMD, known as Combat Weather Teams (CWTs), continued to wear the blue, black and yellow beret flash.[39][56][58] The AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash consisted of a red border representing the blood shed by their predecessors, a black background represented special operations, and three diagonal lines of various colors representing the services they supported (green=Army, purple=joint forces, and blue=Air Force).[56] Enlisted and NCOs wore their Parachutist Badge on top of the AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash while officers wore their polished metal rank insignia until 2002 when the Combat Weather Team Crest was created.[56] The Combat Weather Team Crest was worn affixed on both SOWT and CWT beret flashes by enlisted and NCOs while officers continued to affix their polished metal rank insignia.[56][59][60] In 2007/2008, the AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash stopped being worn and in 2009—when the Special Operations Weather AFSC was established—a new large polished metallic Special Operations Weather Crest was approved for wear by all SOWTs and CWTs (enlisted, NCOs, and officers alike) on their gray berets.[2][56][59][61][62]

CWT Beret Flash
A weather parachutist NCO with the 82nd Airborne Div wearing gray beret with CWT Beret Flash and Combat Weather Team Crest, 2007[63]
SOWT Beret Flash
A weather parachutist with the 107th Weather Flight wearing gray beret with SOWT Beret Flash and Combat Weather Team Crest, 2008[59]

In 1966/67, the newly formed 1041st Security Police SQN was authorized to wear a dark-blue beret and were the first to create and wear an organizational beret flash.[64][65][66] The 1041st's beret flash had a depiction of a falcon carrying a pair of lightning bolts on a somewhat pointed oval-shaped light-blue patch that was worn over the left temple.[64][65][66] In 1976, the Air Force approved the navy-blue beret, worn by Strategic Air CMD's Elite Guard and Air Force Combat Control Teams, as the official uniform item for all Air Force police and security forces.[64][67] In 1997, the Air Force stood up the security forces AFSC and honored the heraldry of the 1041st Security Police SQN by creating a new organizational beret flash for all security forces airman and NCOs that depict the 1041st's falcon over an airfield with the motto "Defensor Fortis" (defenders of the force) embroidered on a scroll at its base.[2][64] Security forces officers wear the same basic beret flash minus the embroidered falcon and airfield and in its place affix their polished metal rank insignia.[2]

1041st Security Police SQN Beret Flash
A security policeman with the 1041st Security Police SQN wearing their distinctive dark-blue beret and beret flash, c.1968[65]
Security Forces Beret Flash
A security forces airman with the 55th Security Forces SQN wearing navy-blue beret with Security Forces Beret Flash, 1998[68]

In 1979, TACP airman and NCOs were given authorization to wear the black beret. In 1984, two TACP's submitted a design for a unique beret flash and crest for wear on their berets which the Air Force approved one year later.[21] The TACP Beret Flash—which followed the basic design language of Army beret flashes[39]—incorporates red borders that represent the firepower TACP's bring to bear with two dovetailed fields of blue and green represent the close working relationship between the Air Force and the Army that is enabled by the TACP.[69] Later, Air Liaison Officers (ALOs) were given authorization to wear the black beret and the TACP Beret Flash.[21][70][71] In 2019 the Air Force uniform instruction changed directing ALOs, now called TACP Officers, to wear the TACP Beret Flash and Crest with miniature polished metal rank insignia below the crest and just above the inner-border of the beret flash.[2][72][73] Similarly, Air Mobility Liaison Officers (AMLOs) also wore the black beret.[21] Although worn informally before then, in 2015 The US Army Institute of Heraldry authorized a slight modification of the TACP Beret Flash for wear by AMLOs, incorporating an embroidered compass rose in the upper-left corner of the beret flash, and was worn in the same manner as Army beret flashes.[1][2][74][75] Despite this, the Air Force Uniform Board and uniform regulations do not address the wear of the AMLO Beret Flash by these liaisons.[2]

TACP Beret Flash
An ALO with the 682nd Air Support Operations SQN wearing black beret with TACP Beret Flash and rank insignia (Captain), 2011[76]
The US Army Institute of Heraldry manufacturing instructions for the AMLO Beret Flash, 2015[75]
An AMLO with the 8th Air Support Operations SQN wearing black beret with AMLO Beret Flash and rank insignia (Captain)—note the white compass rose at the upper-left corner—2011[74]

In 2018, AFSOC authorized the wear of the brown beret for airman, NCOs, and officers assigned to a CAA SQN, specifically the 6th and 711th Special Operations SQNs. The brown beret—similar in appearance to the Army's brown beret—is worn with an Army style organizational beret flash consisting of a dark-blue field with olive-green diagonal stripes and border.[39][77] The CAA Beret Flash is worn centered over the left eye with polished metal officer rank insignia or an AFSC metallic beret crest affixed to the flash while all other advisors wear the cloth CAA Beret Flash without accoutrements.[77]

US Navy

In the 1960s, select Navy riverine patrol units operating in South Vietnam adopted the black beret to be part of their daily uniform and wore various accouterments on their berets.[78][79] In 1967, the Commander of the Riverine Patrol Force sent an official message to the Commander of River Patrol Flotilla Five authorizing the wear of the black beret.[79] In this message, the wear and appearance of the beret was also defined stating, "Beret will be worn with river patrol force insignia centered on right side." and "Only standard size river patrol force insignia will be worn on beret. ... No other emblem or rank insignia will be displayed on beret."[79][80] Today, these Navy small boat units honor their heritage by wearing the black beret during special occasions—such as induction ceremonies into the Gamewardens Association[81]—and will affix historically relevant riverine task force insignia for use as their beret flash.[82][83][84][85]

River Patrol Force, Task Force 116 Insignia
Chief of Naval Operations (L) and Commander, Riverine Patrol Force (R) wearing black berets with Task Force 116 Insignia, 1969[86]
A Navy NCO from Riverine SQN 1 receives the historical black beret with Task Force 116 Insignia at a special ceremony making him an honorary "Gamewarden," 2011[83]

Beret flashes of the US military

Joint

Air Force

Obsolete

Army

Adjutant general

Obsolete

Air defense artillery

Obsolete

Armor and cavalry

Obsolete

Aviation

Obsolete

Chemical

Obsolete

Civil affairs

Obsolete

Engineer

Obsolete

Field artillery

Obsolete

Infantry

Obsolete

Logistics

Obsolete

Medical

Obsolete

Military intelligence

Obsolete

Military police

Obsolete

Multidisciplinary units

Obsolete

Ordnance

Psychological operations

Obsolete

Public affairs

Signal

Obsolete

Special forces

Obsolete

Training

Obsolete

Beret flashes of US defense forces

Collectively referred to as state defense forces—also known as state guard, state military reserve, or militia—in many US states and territories wear modified versions of US Army uniforms.[37][90][91] To help separate these state guard members from other federal armed forces, such as the US National Guard, they will wear a unique organizational beret flash on their military beret that is worn in the same manner as their federal counterparts.[37][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] The following is a list of some of these organizational beret flashes worn by various US militia units:

State, territory, and district specific militia

Obsolete

See also

References

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