Yarn conditioning

Yarn conditioning is fixing the amount of moisture in the yarns. It is possible by conditioning them in a humidified environment[1][2][3] or with the help of a conditioning machine.[4][5]

Moisture regain

Different textile fibers have distinct moisture regain. For example, Cotton has a moisture regain of 7%, and silk has 11%.[6]

Moisture regain definition

The amount of moisture that a material is able to reabsorb after its has been dried. Moisture regain is expressed as the weight/weight percentage (w/w%) of water in a material versus the material's dry weight. The weight of the water is obtained by after the dried material has been equilibrated at 65% relative humidity at 22C..[7]

Moisture content

In yarn, it is the moisture present in the yarn as a percentage of the total weight of yarn and moisture. Moisture content is one of the important test.[8]Textile materials pass through several manufacturing stages. For instance, during yarn manufacturing, the moisture content in yarn becomes lowered that may create several negative impacts on various yarn properties. Moisture affects the physical properties of the material; hence it is crucial to maintain the moisture percentages. Yarn conditioning after manufacturing ensures the moisture regain before commercially selling the materials, and it adds flexibility and better characteristics for further manufacturing stages such as fewer breakages of yarn, and knots.[1][9][10]

Moisture regain of different textiles.[11]

Fiber type Moisture regain (in percentage)
Cotton 7-11
Flax 12
Wool 13-18
Silk 11
Rayon 11.5-12.5
Polyester 0.4-0.8
Nylon 6 2.8-5.0
Nylon 66 4.0-4.5
Acrylic 1.0-2.5
Modacrylic 2.0-4.0
Spandex 0.75-1.3

Importance of moisture

The presence of water plays a crucial role in the mechanical behavior of natural fibers. Hydrated, biopolymers generally have enhanced ductility and toughness. Water plays the role of a plasticizer, a small molecule easing passage of polymer chains and in doing so increasing ductility and toughness. When using natural fibers in applications outside of their native use, the original level of hydration must be taken into account. For example when hydrated, the Young’s Modulus of collagen decreases from 3.26 to 0.6 GPa and becomes both more ductile and tougher. Additionally the density of collagen decreases from 1.34 to 1.18 g/cm3.[12]

See also

References
  1. Thilagavathi, G.; Karthik, T. (2016-01-05). Process Control and Yarn Quality in Spinning. CRC Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-93-80308-18-0.
  2. Mather, Robert R.; Wardman, Roger H. (2015-11-06). The Chemistry of Textile Fibres. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 412. ISBN 978-1-78262-636-7.
  3. Textile Colorist: A Monthly Journal Devoted to Practical Dyeing, Bleaching, Printing and Finishing, Dyes, Dyestuffs and Chemicals as Applied to Dyeing. Howes Publishing Company. 1943. p. 23.
  4. Purushothama, B. (2016-01-05). Handbook on Cotton Spinning Industry. CRC Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-93-85059-55-1.
  5. Corp, Sargent, (C G. ) Sons (1911). The Yarn Conditioning Machine an Evolution in Yarn Conditioning: An Essential Part of a Mill Equipment for Cotton, Woolen and Worsted Yarns. C.G. Sargent's Sons Corporation.
  6. Hollen, Norma R.; Hollen, Norma R. Textiles (1988). Textiles. Internet Archive. New York : Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-367530-0.
  7. "Moisture regain - CAMEO". cameo.mfa.org. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  8. Limited, Associated Industrial Consultants (1970). The testing of yarn. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 12.
  9. ''YARN TESTING – - A number of simple tests are available to the knitter to spot check the yarns he purchases for moisture content , count , twist and yarn uniformity and appearance . Such checking is important for purposes not only of quality ...'' https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Guide_to_the_Manufacture_of_Sweaters_Kni/xxBHAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=&printsec=frontcover
  10. "Spun Yarn Technology - 1st Edition". www.elsevier.com. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  11. Kadolph, Sara J. (1998). Textiles. Internet Archive. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Merrill. pp. 38, 44, 56, 64, 85, 91, 102, 110, 120, 124, 129. ISBN 978-0-13-494592-7.
  12. Meyers, Marc Andre; Chen, Po-Yun (2014). Biological Materials Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511862397. ISBN 978-0-511-86239-7.
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