120s BC

• The Kingdom of Pergamon becomes the Roman Province of Asia upon the defeat of Aristonicus, pretender to the Attalid throne, by M. Perperna.
• C. Sempronius Tuditanus celebrates his triumph over the Iapydes of Illyria.
• Scipio Aemilianus, victor of Carthage is possibly assassinated by his enemies in Rome.

• Battle of Ecbatana: The Seleucid King Antiochus VII Sidetes is defeated and killed by the Parthians under Phraates II, ending Seleucid control over Media or Mesopotamia.
• Having been freed by the Parthians, Demetrius II of Syria recovers the throne of the Seleucid Empire.

• Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty launches his first offensive into the northern steppe against the Xiongnu and their allies. Two of the four armies are defeated, and only the army of Wei Qing achieves a modest success, at Longcheng beyond the Gobi Desert.

• Crates of Tarsus succeeds Carneades as head of the Academy in Athens.

• Hipparchus publishes his catalog of stars.
• Total solar eclipse, used by Hipparchus to estimate distance to the moon.

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