1255
Year 1255 (MCCLV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1255 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1255 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1255 MCCLV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2008 |
| Armenian calendar | 704 ԹՎ ՉԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6005 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1176–1177 |
| Bengali calendar | 662 |
| Berber calendar | 2205 |
| English Regnal year | 39 Hen. 3 – 40 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1799 |
| Burmese calendar | 617 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6763–6764 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲寅年 (Wood Tiger) 3951 or 3891 — to — 乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit) 3952 or 3892 |
| Coptic calendar | 971–972 |
| Discordian calendar | 2421 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1247–1248 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5015–5016 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1311–1312 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1176–1177 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4355–4356 |
| Holocene calendar | 11255 |
| Igbo calendar | 255–256 |
| Iranian calendar | 633–634 |
| Islamic calendar | 652–653 |
| Japanese calendar | Kenchō 7 (建長７年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1164–1165 |
| Julian calendar | 1255 MCCLV |
| Korean calendar | 3588 |
| Minguo calendar | 657 before ROC 民前657年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −213 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1797–1798 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木虎年 (male Wood-Tiger) 1381 or 1000 or 228 — to — 阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 1382 or 1001 or 229 |
Events
Asia
- Hulagu Khan begins his campaign to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia, with the main targets being the Nizari Ismaili strongholds and the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.
Europe
- May – William of Rubruck from Constantinople returns to Cyprus from his missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia, his efforts having been unsuccessful.
- June – Battle of Bryn Derwin: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd defeats his two brothers to become sole ruler of northern Wales.[1]
- August
- The final Cathar stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating their last refuge, since the Roman Catholic Church began the Albigensian Crusade to crush the sect in 1209.
- Following the death of "Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln", in an instance of blood libel, nineteen Jews of Lincoln, England, are executed by royal command on suspicion of being involved in the boy's murder.[1]
- Lisbon becomes the capital of Portugal when King Afonso III moves his court from Coimbra.
- A survey of royal privileges in England is conducted, which is included in the Hundred Rolls, a census seen as a follow-up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys, in 1274/75 and 1279/80.[2]
- Königsberg (modern-day Kaliningrad) is founded by the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, and named in honour of King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
- Theodore II Laskaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. He concludes the task successfully a year later, in 1256.
- The Duchy of Bavaria is split into Upper and Lower Bavaria.
- The lands of the House of Nassau are divided, not to be reunited until 1806.
- King Béla IV of Hungary grants Banská Bystrica the municipal rights of a royal town.
Arts and culture
- The Gothic cathedral at Bourges, France, is completed (it will become a UNESCO World Heritage Site).
Markets
- At the death of Bernardo Bonsignori, his brother Orlando is left sole director of the largest banking firm in western Europe, the Gran Tavola of Siena.[3]
Births
- July – Albert I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1308)
- October 23 – Ferdinand de la Cerda, Spanish noble (d. 1275)
- William de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros, claimant to the crown of Scotland (d. 1317)
- Duccio di Buoninsegna, Sienese painter (d. 1319)
- Margherita Colonna, Italian abbess (d. 1284)
- Grand Prince Andrey of Gorodets (approximate date; d. 1304)
- Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (approximate date; d. 1298)
Deaths
- May 1 – Walter de Gray, English prelate and statesman
- August 27 – Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln (b. 1247)
- Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Blue Horde
- Alice, Countess of Bigorre, ruler
- Jarler, Archbishop of Uppsala since 1236
- Sundiata Keita, semi-historical hero and founder of the Mali Empire (approximate date; b. c. 1190)
- December 1 or 2 – Muhammad III of Alamut, the Nizari Ismaili Imam
References
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 84–86. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Cam, Helen (1921). Studies in the hundred rolls: some aspects of thirteenth-century administration. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Catoni, Giuliano. "Bonsignori". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
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