1260s

The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1260

By place
Africa
Asia
Europe

By topic
Arts and culture
Religion

1261

1262

By area
Asia
  • King Mangrai of the Lanna Kingdom (present day Northern Thailand, Shan State and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture) founds the city of Chiang Rai, as the kingdom's capital.
Europe

By topic
Arts and culture
Markets
  • The Venetian Senate starts consolidating all of the city's outstanding debt into a single fund, later known as the Monte Vecchio. The holders of the newly created prestiti are promised a 5% annual coupon. These claims can be sold, and quickly (before 1320) give rise to the first recorded secondary market for financial assets, in medieval Europe.[31]
Religion

1263

By area
Europe
=Northern and eastern Europe=
=Mediterranean=

By topic
Arts and culture
Education
Markets
  • Edward, heir to the throne of England, seizes £10,000, which had been deposited to the trust of the Knights Templar in London, by foreign merchants and English magnates.[33]
  • The Bonsignori firm gains the full market of the transfer of fiscal revenue, from the papal estates to Rome.[34]
Religion

1264

By area
Asia
  • The Toluid Civil War ends: Kublai Khan defeats his brother and pretender to the title of Khagan, or Khan of Khans, Ariq Boke, who surrenders to Kublai and is summarily imprisoned. He dies a year later under mysterious circumstances, possibly by poisoning, but the cause of death is still uncertain. However, this battle essentially marks the end of a unified Mongol Empire.
  • Kublai Khan decides to move his capital, from Shangdu in Inner Mongolia, to the Chinese city of Dadu (now Beijing).
  • Kublai Khan publicly reprimands his own officers, for executing two Song Dynasty Chinese generals without trial or investigation. This act is one of many in order to enhance his reputation amongst the Chinese, to increase his legitimacy as a just ruler, and win over more defectors from the Southern Song.
  • The Japanese era Kōchō ends, and the Bun'ei era begins.
Europe

By topic
Education
Religion

1265

By topic
War and politics
Culture

By place
Africa and Asia

1266

By place
Europe
Asia
  • Niccolo and Maffeo Polo, father and uncle of Marco Polo, reach Kublai Khan's capital Khanbaliq (now Beijing) in China, setting the stage for Marco's famous expedition 5 years later. Kublai Khan sends the Polos back with a message, requesting that the Pope dispatch western scholars to teach in the Mongol Empire; however, this request is largely ignored.
  • The Mamluk sultan Baibars expands his domain, capturing the city of Byblos (in present-day Lebanon) and the important castle of Toron from the crusader states, and defeating the Armenians at Cilicia.
  • Sang Sapurba and his younger brother Sang Ledhangwadja battle with Raidashir, on top of Bukit Siguntang in Palembang. The brothers win and Sang Sapurba is proclaimed Maharaja.
America

By topic
Economics
Religion

1267

By topic
War and politics
Culture
  • Roger Bacon completes his work Opus Majus and sends it to Pope Clement IV, who had requested it be written; the work contains wide-ranging discussion of mathematics, optics, alchemy, astronomy, astrology, and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a magnifying glass. Bacon also completes Opus Minus, a summary of Opus Majus, later in the same year. The only source for his date of birth is his statement in the Opus Tertium, written in 1267, that "forty years have passed since I first learned the alphabet". The 1214 birth date assumes he was not being literal, and meant 40 years had passed since he matriculated at Oxford at the age of 13. If he had been literal, his birth date was more likely to have been around 1220.[67][68]
  • The leadership of Vienna forces Jews to wear Pileum cornutum, a cone-shaped head dress, in addition to the yellow badges Jews are already forced to wear.[69]
  • In England, the Statute of Marlborough is passed, the oldest English law still (partially) in force.[70][71]

By place
Asia and Africa

1268

By topic
War and politics
Culture

By place
Asia

1269

By area
Africa
Europe

By topic
Religion
Science

Significant people

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