1990 Soviet Union regional elections

Background

The proposal to create a "two-story" system for the formation of the legislative branch (with Congress of Deputies and the Supreme Soviet) in the USSR and its constituent and autonomous republics was put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 19th Conference of the Communist Party in summer of 1988. On 1 December, the corresponding changes were made to the Constitution of the USSR.

Most of the republics except for Russia and its autonomous region of Dagestan ignored this requirement of the Union Constitution. Under the constitutional reform of 1989–90, they retained direct elections to their Supreme Soviets, but unlike the campaigns of preceding 50 years, republican branches of the CPSU now were facing significant opposition from the nationalist forces, represented in organizations such as Lithuania's Sąjūdis and numerous "Popular Fronts" (Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan).

List
Republic Date Communist Party
Leader Result
Armenia 20 May Vladimir Movsisyan
136 / 259
Azerbaijan 30 September Ayaz Mutallibov
280 / 366
Byelorussia 4 March Nikolay Dementey
302 / 360
Estonia 18 March Vaino Väljas
27 / 105
Georgia 28 October Givi Gumbaridze
64 / 250
Kazakhstan 25 March Nursultan Nazarbayev
342 / 360
Kirghizia 25 February Absamat Masaliyev
315 / 350
Latvia 18 March Jānis Vagris
55 / 201
Lithuania[1] 24 February Mykolas Burokevičius (CPL-CPSU)
7 / 135
Algirdas Brazauskas (CPL-ind.)
48 / 135
Moldavia February–March Pyotr Luchinsky
177 / 380
Russia 4 March Mikhail Gorbachev[2]
920 / 1,068
Tajikistan 30 November Qahhor Mahkamov
221 / 230
Turkmenia 27 October Saparmurat Niyazov
157 / 175
Ukraine 4 March Vladimir Ivashko
331 / 450
Uzbekistan 18 February Islam Karimov
460 / 500

See also

Notes
  1. In December 1989, majority of the Communist Party of Lithuania led by Brazauskas proclaimed it separate from the CPSU. Burokevičius headed pro-Union branch.
  2. Since the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia was the only constituent republic without its own Communist Party. The short-lived CP RSFSR would be created three months after the 1990 election.
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