AFRINIC

AFRINIC (African Network Information Centre) is the regional Internet registry (RIR)[1] for Africa. Its headquarters[2] are in Ebene, Mauritius.

African Network Information Centre
AbbreviationAfrican Network Information Centre (AFRINIC)
Formation11 October 2004
TypeNot for Profit
FocusAllocation and registration of IP address space
HeadquartersEbene, Mauritius
Location
  • Mauritius
ServicesInternet Number Resources Management (ASNs, IPv6 and IPv4)
Official language
English and French
Key people
Dr. Christian Bope
(Chairman of the Board of Directors)
Eddy Kayihura
(CEO)
AffiliationsIANA, ICANN, ASO, NRO
Staff
50+
Websitewww.afrinic.net

Before AFRINIC was formed, IP addresses (IPv6 and IPv4) for Africa were distributed by the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), and the RIPE NCC. ICANN provisionally recognised AFRINIC on 11 October 2004.[3] The registry became operational on 22 February 2005. ICANN gave it final recognition[4] in April 2005.

Organisational structure

Board of Directors

The AFRINIC Board consists of a nine-member Board of Directors.[5] Six of the directors are elected to represent the different sub-regions, while two directors are elected to serve on the Board-based solely on competency as opposed to regional representation. The last seat on the Board is filled by the Chief Executive Officer.

Elections are held at each AFRNIC Annual General Meeting (AGMM), which is conducted around May/June every year. Voting takes place both on site at these meetings and prior to the meeting via online voting.

Council of Elders

The AFRINIC Council of Elders consists of six former AFRINIC chairpersons.

They fulfill an advisory role and harness all their experience leading the organisation as former Chairs.

The Members of the AFRINIC Council of Elders are:

  1. Dr. Nii N. Quaynor (AFRINIC Board of Trustees Chair: 2001-2004)
  2. Mr Pierre S. Dandjinou (AFRINIC Chair: 2004-2008) Board Member: 2004-2010
  3. Dr. Viv Padayatchy (AFRINIC Chair: 2008-2011) - Board Member: - 2005-2011
  4. Mrs Maimouna Ndeye Diop Diagne (AFRINIC Chair: 2011-2012) - Board Member: 2010-2013

AFRINIC Staff

AFRINIC staff carries out the daily operations of the organization.

The Staff is structured in nine departments: CEO's Office, HR and Administration, Research and Innovation, Finance and Accounting, External Relations, Communication and Public Relations, Member Services, IT and Engineering, and Capacity Building. These divisions encompass all AFRINIC activities, including that of acting as a central source of information for Members.

AFRINIC's open policy development process also invites stakeholders interested in Internet number resources from around the world (but mostly the African region) to participate. These include representatives from governments, regulators, educators, media, the technical community, civil society, and other not-for-profit organisations.

Public Policy Meeting

Each year, AFRINIC conducts two public policy meetings. These give the community the chance to come together for policy development, information sharing, and networking. The first Public Policy Meeting of each year is known as the Africa Internet Summit (AIS), and the second is held as a standalone meeting. The meetings are held in various locations throughout Africa.

Controversies & Scandals

AFRINIC has been at the center of a number of organizational controversies in the past five years.

Corruption

A former senior management member from AFRINIC, Ernest Byaruhanga, committed what is tagged to be Africa’s greatest internet heist. In total, 4.1 million IP addresses were stolen. 2.3 million came from AFRINIC’s “free pool” and a further 1.7 million were “legacy” IP addresses. They were worth around $87M, according to MyBroadband. IPv4 addresses, which were already reserved and in use by major organizations were effectively hijacked and sold. These reappropriated IP addresses were used to forward spam, breach data records, and compromise functioning websites. Dozens of South African-based companies and businesses were impacted. Education sectors and the Department of Defence were also hit, losing addresses worth approximately $5.3M.

Sexual Harassment

In March 2018, a sexual harassment complaint was filed by the RIR's former head of external relations, Vymala Poligadu. She alleged that she had been sexually harassed by Afrinic's former chair Sunday Folayan,former vice-chair Hytham El-Nakhal and former finance director Patrisse Deesse. She also alleged that they had been actively plotting to get her fired from her position. The internal report detailing Poligadu's accusations was then leaked onto the organization's discussion mailing list by an anonymous poster, writing in response to a complaint by another member about high staff turnover.

Sunday Folayan and Haitham El Nakhal quit after the victim filed the complaint detailing the toxic and unprofessional work environment in AFRINIC, while stating that she is just one of many female staff who are harassed and intimidated daily by the AFRINIC male staff. Instead of conducting an investigation, AFRINIC covered up the scandal by not addressing the text messages pestering the now-departed AFRINIC female staffer, and has announced that there had been no evidence of harassment, bullying or intimidation on the part of certain members of the board.[6]

Lawsuit

Afrinic has been in a feud with Cloud Innovation (CI) since July 2021, as it intended to revoke over 6 million IP addresses from the company backing the claim with a breach in policy. Afrinic’s attempt to seize IP addresses currently under Cloud Innovation’s domain backfired, as by bringing the issue directly to court, without an effort to de-escalate the matter, the RIR did not follow its own in-house policies. As a result of the unfounded claims advanced by Afrinic, the Supreme Court of Mauritius ordered to freeze the RIR’s bank accounts, crippling its operations. Although due to court order Afrinic has restored CI’s IP address blocks on July 15th, the RIR’s bank assets remained frozen until October 15th, when they were granted the removal of the freezing order against AFRINIC in the Mauritius Court. The litigation is still ongoing. [7]

IPv4 exhaustion

In April 2017, AFRINIC became the last regional Internet registry to run down to its last /8 block of IPv4 addresses (102/8), thus triggering the final phase of its IPv4 exhaustion policy. As a result, AFRINIC then implemented a soft landing policy for allocating the last /8 to its users, in which, since Phase 2 of the exhaustion period (started in January 2020[8]), each AFRINIC customer is eligible for just one final maximum allocation of a /22 block of IPv4 addresses until the block is exhausted.[9]

AFRINIC training

AFRINIC conducts a number of training courses[10] in a wide variety of locations[11] around the region. These courses are designed to educate participants to proficiently configure, manage and administer their Internet services and infrastructure and to embrace current best practices.

WHOIS database

The AFRINIC WHOIS Database[12] contains registration details of IP addresses and AS numbers originally allocated by AFRINIC. It shows the organisations that hold the resources, where the allocations were made, and contact details for the networks. The organisations that hold those resources are responsible for updating their information in the database. The database can be searched by using the web interface on the AFRINIC site or by directing your whois client to whois.afrinic.net (for example, whois -h whois.afrinic.net 196.1.0.0/24).

The AFRINIC membership

Major[13] Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Internet exchange point (IXPs), governments and academic institutions.

Policy development process

AFRINIC's policies are developed by the membership and broader Internet community. The major media for policy development are the face-to-face Public Policy Meetings,[14] which are held twice each year, and mailing list discussions.

AFRINIC's policy development process[15] is:
Open Transparent Bottom-up
Anyone can propose policies. AFRNIC publicly documents all policy discussions and decisions. The community drives policy development.
Everyone can discuss policy proposals. AFRINIC documents all policy discussions and decisions to provide complete transparency of the policy development process.

Economies

AFRINIC's service region[16] is divided into six sub-regions in Africa for statistic gathering purposes and for Board of Directors elections to ensure regional representation.

These sub-regions are: Northern, Western, Central, Eastern, Southern and the Indian Ocean.

AFRINIC's service region also includes several islands located in the Atlantic Ocean which are listed in the Western or Central African regions.

EASTERN REGION WESTERN REGION CENTRAL AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA SOUTHERN AFRICA INDIAN OCEAN
Burundi Benin Cameroon Algeria Angola Mauritius
Djibouti Burkina Faso Central African Republic Egypt Botswana Réunion
Eritrea Cape Verde Democratic Republic of the Congo Libya Lesotho Comoros
Ethiopia Côte d'Ivoire Equatorial Guinea Morocco Namibia Mayotte
Kenya Gambia Gabon Sudan South Africa Madagascar
Tanzania Ghana Republic of the Congo South Sudan Swaziland Seychelles
Rwanda Guinea São Tomé and Príncipe Tunisia Mozambique
Somalia Liberia Chad Mauritania Malawi
Uganda Mali Zambia
Niger Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo

See also

References

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