Aram-Damascus

The Kingdom of Aram-Damascus (/ˈærəm dəˈmæskəs/) was an Aramean state around Damascus in Syria,[1] from the late 12th century BC to 732 BC.

Kingdom of Aram-Damascus
Late 12th century BC–732 BC
The region around 830 BCE, with Aram-Damascus in green
StatusMonarchy
CapitalDamascus
Common languagesOld Aramaic language
King 
• 885 BC – 865 BC
Ben-Hadad I
• 865 BC – 842 BC
Ben-Hadad II
• 842 BC – 796 BC
Hazael
• 796 BC – 792 BC
Ben-Hadad III
• 754 BC – 732 BC
Rezin (last)
History 
• Established
Late 12th century BC
• Annexed by the Neo-Assyrian Empire
732 BC
Succeeded by
Neo-Assyrian Empire

History

The Hebrew Bible gives accounts of Aram-Damascus' history, mainly in its interaction with Israel. There are texts in the Bible referencing David's battles against Arameans in southern Syria in the 10th century BC.[2]

In the 9th century BC, Hazael fought against the Assyrians, had some influence over the north Syrian state Unqi and conquered Israel.[3][4]

To the southwest, Aram-Damascus reached most of Golan to the Sea of Galilee.[5]

In the 8th century BC, Rezin had been a tributary of Tiglath-Pileser III, the king of Assyria.[6] In c. 732 BC, he formed an alliance with Pekah, the king of Israel, to attack Ahaz, the king of Judah. Ahaz appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III for help. This the Assyrian king obliged after Judah paid tribute to the Assyrian king.[7] Tiglath-Pileser III attacked Damascus and annexed Aram.[6] The population was deported and Rezin was executed. Tiglath-Pileser recorded this act in one of his inscriptions.[8]

Various Neo-Hittite and Aramean (orange shades) western states in the 8th century BC

Kings
Arameans
Syro-Hittite states
Aramean kings
Aramean cities
Sources

See also

References
  1. Pitard, Wayne T. (2000). "Arameans". In David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers; Astrid B. Beck (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 86.
  2. "2 Samuel 10:6-19". Bible. Holman. ASIN B000MX2BZM. ISBN 978-0999989265.
  3. James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955) 246.
  4. "2 Kings 13:3". Bible (Christian Standard ed.). Holman. ISBN 978-0999989265.
  5. Suzanne Richard (2003). Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader (Hardcover ed.). Eisenbrauns. p. 377. ISBN 1-57506-083-3.
  6. Lester L. Grabbe, Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It? (New York: T&T Clark, 2007): 134
  7. "2 Kings 16:7-9". Bible (Christian Standard ed.). Holman. ISBN 978-0999989265.
  8. James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969) 283.

Sources

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