Bolnisi

Bolnisi (Georgian: ბოლნისი), is a city in the country of Georgia, located in the Kvemo Kartli region and capital of the Bolnisi district. It currently has an estimated 13,800 inhabitants.

Bolnisi
ბოლნისი
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Bolnisi
Bolnisi
Coordinates: 41°27′N 44°32′E
Country Georgia
MkhareKvemo Kartli
MunicipalityBolnisi
Elevation
420 m (1,380 ft)
Population
 (2014[1])
 • Total8,967
Belltower of the Bolnisi church

History

In 1818 the colony Katharinenfeld was founded in Bolnisi by 95 German colonist families from Swabia. After the occupation of the Red Army in 1921, it was renamed to Luxemburg after the German communist Rosa Luxemburg. In 1941 all the Germans descendants who were not married to Georgians were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan. In 1944, the town was once again renamed as Bolnisi.

An airfield near the city was reported to have been bombed by Russia on August 8, 2008, during the Russia-Georgia war. [2]]

Economy

The economy is mostly agrarian with the notable exceptions of a winery, brewery, and a gold mine in the nearby village of Kazreti.

Religion, culture and architecture

Bolnisi has long been the seat of a bishop or archbishop, and is the home of the oldest dated Christian structure in Georgia.[3] It is known as Bolnisi Sioni (Sioni being Georgian for Zion and a designation used by many of their churches). This three-nave basilica church dates to the 5th century AD and features some pagan elements in its stonework. The original roof is missing but has been replaced with a modern covering.

A dedication Bolnisi inscriptions from the Bolnisi church, carved in the late 5th century, is one of the oldest dated specimens of Georgian writing. It mentions Bishop David of Bolnisi and two Sassanid kings Peroz I and Kavadh I.[3]

There are still remnants of the German past in Bolnisi. A small graveyard and plaque acknowledges the German influence in the village. A small street called Mill Street has evidence of 19th-century German architecture and a few signs in the German language that date from the early 20th century.

Sport

Sioni Bolnisi founded in 1936 play at the Tamaz Stepania Stadium, named after local footballer Tamaz Stepania; they were league champions once in 2006.

Climate
Climate data for Bolnisi (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.2
(68.4)		 21.8
(71.2)		 27.7
(81.9)		 35.0
(95.0)		 32.6
(90.7)		 36.2
(97.2)		 39.0
(102.2)		 39.0
(102.2)		 36.8
(98.2)		 31.0
(87.8)		 26.5
(79.7)		 22.2
(72.0)		 39.0
(102.2)
Average high °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2)		 7.7
(45.9)		 12.2
(54.0)		 17.9
(64.2)		 22.2
(72.0)		 27.1
(80.8)		 30.6
(87.1)		 30.3
(86.5)		 25.6
(78.1)		 18.8
(65.8)		 12.3
(54.1)		 7.9
(46.2)		 18.3
(64.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2)		 2.6
(36.7)		 6.6
(43.9)		 12.2
(54.0)		 16.4
(61.5)		 21.0
(69.8)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.2
(75.6)		 19.7
(67.5)		 13.7
(56.7)		 7.5
(45.5)		 3.2
(37.8)		 12.8
(55.0)
Average low °C (°F) −2.0
(28.4)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 2.1
(35.8)		 7.2
(45.0)		 11.1
(52.0)		 15.4
(59.7)		 18.8
(65.8)		 18.6
(65.5)		 14.4
(57.9)		 9.2
(48.6)		 3.5
(38.3)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) −14.8
(5.4)		 −13.5
(7.7)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 0.6
(33.1)		 6.0
(42.8)		 9.6
(49.3)		 9.0
(48.2)		 4.5
(40.1)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −14.4
(6.1)		 −14.8
(5.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17.1
(0.67)		 26.2
(1.03)		 42.1
(1.66)		 64.3
(2.53)		 78.5
(3.09)		 66.6
(2.62)		 32.3
(1.27)		 34.9
(1.37)		 38.5
(1.52)		 50.5
(1.99)		 35.1
(1.38)		 20.9
(0.82)		 512.3
(20.17)
Source: World Meteorological Organization[4]
  • panorama
  • House of culture
  • German houses in Bolnisi
  • Katharinenfeld now Bolnisi

See also

References
  1. "Population Census 2014". www.geostat.ge. National Statistics Office of Georgia. November 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  2. https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080808/ap_on_re_eu/georgia_south_ossetia_28;_ylt=AmbBKrNHVd8FYkuYULUW5J9bbBAF
  3. Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts, p. 316. Peeters Bvba, ISBN 90-429-1318-5.
  4. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.


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