Conservation and restoration training

== This is a list of Training programs for Conservation and Restoration of cultural property. == There are a variety of training and entry routes into the profession of conservation. Whereas training in conservation has traditionally taken the form of an apprenticeship, in more recent years training in a recognized conservation course at a university has become the norm. Today it is more common for professional conservators to have taken a university course combined with a period of time as an intern.

"The scope of conservators' work has widened in recent years, and is no longer dominated by hands-on conservation. Conservators now expect to be involved with exhibitions, conservation science, preventive conservation, project management and advocacy work".[1]

Within the various schools that teach conservation, the approach differs according to the educational and vocational system within the country, and the focus of the school itself.[2]

Many of the Conservation Associations and Professional Organizations also provide additional information about the schools in their respective fields and locations.

Australia

Bachelor of Heritage, Museums and Conservation, Major in Conservation is for students who wish to gain detailed understanding of the knowledge and techniques of cultural heritage materials conservation. The major is open to students of the Bachelor of Heritage Museums and Conservation and can also be taken as an elective major by any student. The major is not restricted. Students wishing to pursue a career in heritage conservation should also take the Minor in Conservation Science as part of their electives for the Bachelor of Heritage, Museums and Conservation.[3]

Master of Cultural Materials Conservation (2 years full-time) offers a professional qualification, combining both theory and practice, that emphasises the philosophical, intellectual and scientific aspects of cultural materials conservation. Students benefit from the Grimwade Centre for Cultural Materials Conservation's[4] strong industry links including the commercial operations, Grimwade Conservation Services,[5] and gain access to the University of Melbourne's vast and varied cultural collections, including the Ian Potter Museum of Art, and the University's library, archive and school collections. Students also have access to industry links with leading museums, galleries, archives and libraries, across Australia and overseas, with opportunities to develop research in relation to broader issues of cultural preservation for communities and cultures within the Asian-Pacific region.[6] The focus of the program is to develop capacity to conserve the continuing cultural record, and enable individuals and communities to explore their past, create identity and community in the present, and access their heritage into the future. Students undertake an internship and field based subjects and work with senior conservators, heritage professionals and knowledge holders.[7]

Brazil

Canada
Algonquin College
  • Algonquin College
    • Applied Museum Studies (3 Year Diploma) which "provides students with a sound background in museum work and the technical areas common to all museums. These include: collection management, exhibit preparation, conservation, educational programming, and museum management".[8]
  • Fleming College previously known as Sir Sandford Fleming College.
    • Collections Conservation and Management Diploma[9]
Queen's University Main Campus, behind Gordon Hall
  • Queen's University, Ontario
    • MAC (Master of Art Conservation).[10] Established in 1974, Queen's University is the only university in Canada that offers a graduate degree in art conservation and one of four in North America that offer a graduate degree in this discipline.
  • Ryerson University
    • MA Photographic Preservation and Collections Management[11]
  • Willowbank
    • Diploma in Heritage Conservation (3 Year).[12] Established in 2006, the Willowbank School of Restoration Arts offers a curriculum which includes both the theory and practice of conservation. Based on a National Historic Site in Queenston, Ontario, it is a non-profit institution accredited by the Government of Ontario as a Private Career College,[13] and its Royal Patron is the Prince of Wales.
The estate house at the centre of the Willowbank campus in Queenston, Ontario.

China

Croatia
  • Academy of Fine Art, University of Split
    • Conservation of easel paintings and polychrome plastic, conservation of wall paintings and mosaics, stone conservation, conservation of metals, conservation of archaeological material, BA + MA
  • Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb,
    • Conservation of easel paintings and polychrome plastic, conservation of wall paintings and mosaics, stone conservation, BA + MA
  • University of Dubrovnik
    • Conservation restoration of textiles, ceramics, paper, metal and wood

Czech Republic
  • Brno: Higher professional school of restoration in Brno[14]
    • Conservation and Restoration of Ceramics, foundation degree
    • Conservation and Restoration of Painting and Decorative Techniques, foundation degree
    • Conservation and Restoration of Furniture and Non-Polychromed Wood Carving, foundation degree
  • Brno: Faculty of Science at Masaryk university:
    • Chemistry of conservation - restoration
  • Písek: Higher professional school of restoration in Písek:[15]
    • Restoration of Furniture and Non-Polychromed Wood Carving
    • Restoration of metalwork
  • Plzeň: Private Secondary School of Applied Arts - Zámeček:
    • Conservation and restoration of stone, matura
  • Pardubice: Faculty of Restoration at University of Pardubice:[16]
    • Restoration and conservation of stone and related materials
    • Restoration and conservation of wall paintings and sgraffito
    • Restoration and conservation of paper, bookbindings and documents
    • Restoration and conservation of arts on paper and related Materials
    • Restoration and conservation of works of wall paintings, sculpture works and architectural surfaces
    • Restoration and conservation of works of written culture
  • Prague:
    • Faculty of Chemical Technology at University of Chemical Technology Prague:[17]
      • Conservation and restoration of glass and ceramics
      • Conservation and restoration of metalworks
      • Conservation and restoration of textile materials
      • Technology of conservation and restoration
    • Academy of Fine Arts in Prague:[18]
      • Restoring of paintings and polychromed woodcarvings
      • Restoring of sculptural works
  • Turnov: Střední uměleckoprůmyslová škola a Vyšší odborná škola:[19]
    • Restoration of metals, minerals and organolites

Denmark

Bachelor in 5 programs incl. common lectures in chemistry and conservation ethics and theory:
1: Paper, books, photographic, audio and visual materials and digital media. 2: Easel and interior painting. 3: Mural paintings, sculpture, monuments and architectural facades. 4: Archaeological and cultural history objects. 5: Natural history objects.
One common master program including advanced conservation ethics and theory, heritage/museum science, specific material science and advanced chemistry.

France

Germany
  • Berlin: Conservation-Restoration / Field Archaeology University of applied science Berlin[23]
  • Cologne: CICS - Cologne Institute of Conservation Sciences at Cologne University of Applied Sciences[24]
  • Dresden: College of Fine Arts in Dresden, study of art technology, conservation and restoration of artistic and cultural heritage.
  • Erfurt: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Conservation / Restoration of University of applied science Erfurt[25]
  • Hildesheim: Faculty of Architecture, Engineering and Conservation, HAWK Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of Applied Sciences and Arts) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen[26]
  • Munich:
    • Chair for Conservation, Art Technology and Conservation Science, Institute for History of Architecture, History of Art and Conservation at Technical University Munich[27]
    • Goering Institut e.V. - Staatlich anerkannte Fachakademie zur Ausbildung von Restauratoren - restoration of furniture and wooden objects[28]
  • Potsdam: Conservation/Restoration at University of applied science Potsdam[29]
  • Stuttgart: Stuttgart State Academy of Art and Design

Greece
  • Athens: Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Department of Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art[30]
  • Thessaloniki: University Ecclesiastical Academy of Thessaloniki, Management and Preservation of Cultural and Ecclesiastical Relics Department[31]
  • Zakynthos:Technological Educational Institute of Ionian Islands, conservation of cultural heritage

Hong Kong

India
  • Delhi Institute of Heritage Research and Management, New Delhi, India
    • Graduate degree programme in Conservation, Preservation and Heritage Management
  • National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property - NRLC, Lucknow, India
    • Graduate courses in conservation of works of art.
  • Sinhgad College of Architecture, Pune, India
    • Graduate/Postgraduate degree programme in Architectural Conservation

Iran
  • Art University of Tehran
    • MA in Cultural Heritage Conservation and Restoration and PhD in Cultural Heritage Conservation and Restoration
  • Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran[32]
    • Brief history of cultural heritage conservation and restoration and opening of first Iranian school of conservation. Art University of Isfahan is one of accredited art universities in Iran that has graduated many students in different fields of art. This university at first established by the name of "Pardis Faculty of Isfahan" as a branch of Farabi University in Tehran in 1978 to educate and provide conservation and restoration specialists for dealing with historic objects and Persian urban textures. It acted as the first school of conservation in Iran and with time it expanded to other fields like Archaeology, Painting, Architecture, Industrial Design and other branches of art in BA level. With the growth of the faculty, it converted to the Art University of Isfahan in 1999 and Faculty of Conservation remained at the same place. This school of conservation has developed a methodology for scientific restoration in Iran. At present, it has two departments, one for conservation and restoration of historic cultural property and another for conservation and restoration of historic monuments and textures. It offers BA, MA and PhD degrees in both departments and accepts students not only from Iran but also from all over the world. Today, this university with a strong background in conservation and up-to-date equipment, instruments and knowledge is one of the most important educational and research oriented centers for cultural heritage conservation and most of the specialists involved in different sites of cultural heritage are graduated from this school.[33]
  • Tabriz Islamic Arts University, Tabriz, Iran[34]
    • BA in Cultural Heritage Conservation and Restoration and MA in Archeaometry
  • Shahid bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Department of Restoration and Conservation of Historic Buildings
    • BA in Restoration and Conservation of Historic Buildings[35]

Israel

Despite its rich archaeological heritage, Israel has only begun to develop conservation education. The Israel Antiquities Authority recently established a training program in 2009 in the Old City of Akko (Acre), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, utilizing the expertise of the Israel Antiquities Authority, and the relationship with the Italian municipality of Rome.

  • International Conservation Center - Citta di Roma, Akko[36]

Italy

Since 1944, there has been a state school for art conservation training in the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro (formerly the Central Institute of Restoration) in Rome.[37] The institute and the school were founded by the art historian Cesare Brandi. The other state conservation school, with a similar training program, is the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence.[38]

Since 2006 their diploma is equivalent to a degree course, similar to a master's degree in the US. The courses are limited: to access one must pass an appropriate public contest announced by the Ministry of Heritage and Culture. The training lasts five years and the diploma is subject to the acquisition of 300 credits. The list of the schools accredited to carry out the Training of Restorers is defined by a Commission composed by Ministry of Heritage and Culture and Ministry of Education, Universities and Research.[39]

Private schools (not accredited) also exist, such as the Istituto per l'Arte e il Restauro "Palazzo Spinelli"[40] in Florence, the Istituto Italiano Arte Artigianato e Restauro[41] in Rome or the San Gemini Preservation Studies (SGPS) in San Gemini, Umbria.

Malta
  • University of Malta
    • The University of Malta, Department of Conservation and Built Heritage offers training in the conservation of stone and wall paintings with an MSc in the Conservation of Decorative Architectural Surfaces The course is composed of a Preparatory Year programme followed by a 2-year multidisciplinary Master's course. The course is of relevance to Bachelor's graduates in archaeology, history of art, chemistry, biology, physics, architecture or engineering wishing to specialise in conservation and to make it their career. Great relevance is given to site work.

Mexico
  • Mexico City, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), Escuela Nacional de Conservación Restauración y Museografía "Manuel del Castillo Negrete" (ENCRyM)[42]
    • Bachelor in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
    • MS in Historic Preservation
  • Guadalajara, Escuela de Conservación y Restauración de Occidente (ECRO)[43]
    • Bachelor in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
  • San Luis Potosi, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad del Hábitat[44]
    • Bachelor of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage

Netherlands
  • University of Amsterdam[45]
    • The University of Amsterdam is the only Dutch university to offer training in the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. Entry to this programme is given by any relevant Humanities or Science bachelor's degree. This may include the five-month Conservation and Restoration Minor offered in Dutch. This optional Minor is followed by a two-year Master's and a two-year Post-Master's programme.
    • MS Heritage Studies: Preservation and Presentation of the Moving Image[46]

Philippines

Poland
  • Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art
    • Twelve-semester Master’s programme (degree subject: conservation and restoration of works of art)
    • Specializations:
      • Conservation and restoration of mural paintings
      • Conservation and restoration of easel paintings (canvas, wood, paper)
      • Conservation and restoration of sculpture (wood, stone, stucco, ceramics)
      • Technology and techniques of works of art (mineral painting, organic painting, traditional sculpture, archival photographic materials)
  • Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art
    • Twelve-semester Master’s programme (degree subject: conservation and restoration of works of art)
    • Specializations:
      • Conservation and restoration of paintings and polychrome sculpture
      • Conservation and restoration of books, graphics and antique leather
      • Conservation and restoration of sculpture and architectural ornaments
      • Conservation and restoration of antique tapestry
  • Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Fine Arts / Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art
    • Twelve-semester Master’s programme (degree subject: conservation and restoration of works of art)
    • Specializations:
      • Conservation and restoration of paintings and polychrome sculpture
      • Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage on paper, leather and textile
      • Conservation and restoration of architectural ornaments
      • Technology and techniques of works of art
      • Conservation and restoration of modern and contemporary art
  • Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Art and Design in Wrocław, Faculty of Ceramics and Glass
    • Twelve-semester Master’s programme (degree subject: conservation and restoration of works of art)
    • Specialization:
      • Conservation and restoration of ceramics and glass

The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts, the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, and the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń also offer a uniform eight-semester PhD programme in conservation and restoration of works of art.

Portugal

Qatar
  • University College London[47]
    • UCL Qatar was created by UCL in partnership with Qatar Foundation and Qatar Museums Authority, but has closed as of 2020. The programs offered opportunities for the study of cultural heritage, conservation, archaeology and museum studies within the Gulf region. The two-year MSc Conservation Studies programme allowed for a number of specializations including objects (metals, stone, ceramics), textiles and archaeological sites.
    • MSc Conservation Studies
    • Specialist short courses in Conservation

Romania

Russian Federation
  • St. Petersburg State Academy, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
    • Professional development internships in conservation of paintings on canvas, wooden supports, icons.
  • Conservation Chair of Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
    • BSc of Restoration
    • MSc of Restoration
    • Conservation of applied arts, archaeological conservation, scientific examination

Spain

The universities of Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Sevilla, Vizcaya, Valencia and La Laguna - Tenerife offer the university degree: (Bachelor's degree; Master's degree and PhD Programme).

South Africa

South Africa enjoys a national conservation training resource, with a research and training campus located in Twee Riviere, Langkloof, Eastern Cape. At this location, the South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation maintains a training program in four specialisms of conservation, namely Metals Conservation, Paper Conservation, Stone & Mortar Conservation (in the built environment) and Ceramics Conservation.

A number of conservation internships or placements (6 – 18 weeks) are also extended annually, to accommodate graduate and post-graduate students from formal conservation study programs elsewhere. Such internships permit hands-on participation in remedial conservation work, either in studio or within the outdoor, architectural environment and under the supervision of senior faculty staff.

  • The South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation[48]
    • Summer School program (mid-career, short courses)
    • Internships (6 – 18 weeks)
    • Post-graduate Diploma in Technical Conservation Studies (Applications: May - November 2016). Postgraduate program currently awaits accreditation. Scheduled to commence: 1 February 2017
    • MSc Program in Conservation Studies (scheduled introduction: 2020/21, subject to future accreditation bid, as appropriate

Sweden

The Department of Conservation at the University of Gothenburg offers an international master programme. A Master's degree of Science in Conservation with Specialisation in Cultural Heritage Objects with different specialisations. The Department of Conservation is situated at the Faculty of Science and offers a three-year Bachelor´s and a two-year Masters programme.

Both Bachelor and Master programmes offer Internships.

Switzerland

The Swiss Conservation-Restoration Campus (Swiss CRC) represents the four institutions responsible for education in conservation-restoration at university level. It offers a three-year Bachelor's and a two-year Master's programme. Each partner institution proposes one or more specialisation fields:

Taiwan

Turkey

Ukraine
  • Lviv Academy of Arts, Lviv, Ukraine
    • Undergraduate/Graduate degree programme in conservation of paintings, sculptures, glass, metal, wood, textile, dress design, leather, interior decoration, black-and-white art

United Kingdom

There are numerous training facilities for conservators in the United Kingdom. Whereas training in the United States tends towards an overview of the conservation profession as a whole, in the UK each institution tends towards their own area of specialism.

United States
Columbia University "College Walk" provides a public path between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, cutting through the main campus quad.
Winterthur Museum Building

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