Crossroads (Tracy Chapman album)
Crossroads is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Tracy Chapman, released in 1989. Chapman was also a producer on this album, the first time she had taken on such a role. The song "Freedom Now" is dedicated to Nelson Mandela.
| Crossroads | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | October 3, 1989 | |||
| Studio | Powertrax Studio, Hollywood, California | |||
| Genre | Contemporary folk, folk rock[1] | |||
| Length | 42:32 | |||
| Label | Elektra | |||
| Producer | Tracy Chapman, David Kershenbaum | |||
| Tracy Chapman chronology | ||||
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| Singles from Crossroads | ||||
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Track listing
All songs written by Tracy Chapman.
- "Crossroads" – 4:11
- "Bridges" – 5:24
- "Freedom Now" – 4:02
- "Material World" – 3:02
- "Be Careful of My Heart" – 4:39
- "Subcity" – 5:09
- "Born to Fight" – 2:46
- "A Hundred Years" – 4:20
- "This Time" – 3:43
- "All That You Have Is Your Soul" – 5:16
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |   [2] |
| Robert Christgau | B[3] |
| Hi-Fi News & Record Review | A*:1[4] |
| Rolling Stone | [5] |
Personnel
- Tracy Chapman – acoustic guitar, harmonica (tracks 6, 10), electric guitar (tracks 3, 8), vocals, background vocals (track 3), 12 string guitar (tracks 6, 9), stagecoach guitar (track 10)
- Charlie Bisharat – viola (track 6), electric violin (track 6), violin pizzicato (track 1)
- Peggie Blu – background vocals (track 3)
- Marc Cohn – piano (track 2)
- Paulinho da Costa – tambourine (track 3), conga (track 8)
- Carolyn Dennis – background vocals (track 3)
- Denny Fongheiser – drums (tracks 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8)
- Bobbye Hall – percussion (tracks 1, 4, 5), conga (tracks 3, 6), tambourine (track 7)
- Jack Holder – banjo (track 3), piano (tracks 2, 7), acoustic stagecoach guitar (track 9), organ (track 9)
- Larry Klein – bass guitar (tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9)
- Danny Kortchmar – electric guitar (track 8)
- Russ Kunkel – drums (tracks 2, 6, 9)
- Jim Lacefield – cello (track 10)
- Tim Landers – bass guitar (tracks 3, 7)
- Steve Lindley – electric piano (track 8)
- Bob Marlette – keyboards (tracks 1, 2)
- Frank Marocco – accordion (track 1)
- Sheila Minard – background vocals (track 3)
- Scarlet Rivera – violin (track 9)
- Roz Seay – background vocals (track 3)
- G.E. Smith – acoustic picking guitar (track 1), mandolin (track 5), electric guitar (track 4)
- William D. "Smitty" Smith – organ (tracks 4, 6, 8)
- John X. Volaitis – piano (track 9)
- Elesecia Wright – background vocals (track 3)
- Snooky Young – trumpet (track 7)
- Neil Young – acoustic guitar (track 10), piano (track 10)
- Technical
- Kevin W. Smith – engineer, mixing
- Herb Ritts – cover photography
Production
- Producers: Tracy Chapman, David Kershenbaum
Charts
Album – Billboard (United States)
| Year | Chart | Position |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | The Billboard 200 | 9 |
| 1989 | Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | 72 |
| 1989 | Swedish Albums Chart | 8 |
Singles – Billboard (United States)
| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | "Crossroads" | Mainstream Rock Tracks | 26 |
| 1989 | "Crossroads" | Modern Rock Tracks | 7 |
| 1989 | "Crossroads" | The Billboard Hot 100 | 90 |
Certifications and sales
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Australia (ARIA)[6] | 2× Platinum | 140,000^ |
| Austria (IFPI Austria)[7] | Platinum | 50,000* |
| Canada (Music Canada)[8] | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[9] | Gold | 30,906[9] |
| France (SNEP)[10] | Platinum | 300,000* |
| Germany (BVMI)[11] | 2× Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
| Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong)[12] | Gold | 10,000* |
| Italy sales in 1989 |
— | 300,000[13] |
| Netherlands (NVPI)[14] | Gold | 50,000^ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ)[15] | Platinum | 15,000^ |
| Portugal (AFP)[16] | Gold | 20,000^ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE)[17] | 2× Platinum | 200,000^ |
| Sweden (GLF)[18] | Gold | 50,000^ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[19] | 2× Platinum | 100,000^ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[20] | Platinum | 300,000^ |
| United States (RIAA)[21] | Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
|
* Sales figures based on certification alone. | ||
References
- "Crossroads - Tracy Chapman | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic.
- Henderson, Alex. Crossroads at AllMusic
- "Robert Christgau review". Robertchristgau.com. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
- Fariner, Neville (December 1989). "Review: Tracy Chapman — Crossroads" (PDF). Hi-Fi News & Record Review (magazine). 34 (12). Croydon: Link House Magazines Ltd. p. 140. ISSN 0142-6230. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 3, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021 – via World Radio History.
- Rolling Stone review Archived August 18, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (pdf ed.). Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 54.
- "Austrian album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Crossroads" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "Canadian album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Crossroads". Music Canada. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "Tracy Chapman" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "French album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Crossroads" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Tracy Chapman; 'Crossroads')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − 1990". IFPI Hong Kong.
- Caroli, Daniele (December 9, 1989). "Italy > Talent Challenges" (PDF). Billboard Magazine. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 101 (49): I-8. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved July 25, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- "Dutch album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Tracy Chapman" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter Tracy Chapman in the "Artiest of titel" box.
- "New Zealand album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Crossroads". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- Tenente, Fernando (April 14, 1990). "INTERNATIONAL: Floyd, Kaoma Top Sellers In Portugal Certs" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 102 no. 15. p. 69. Retrieved November 28, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- Sólo Éxitos 1959–2002 Año A Año: Certificados 1979–1990 (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. ISBN 8480486392.
- "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Tracy Chapman; 'Crossroads')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "British album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Crossroads". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- "American album certifications – Tracy Chapman – Crossroads". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
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