DCI-P3

DCI-P3, or DCI/P3, is a common RGB color space for digital movie projection from the American film industry.[1]

DCI-P3
  • SMPTE EG 432-1:2010
  • SMPTE RP 431-2:2011
The CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram for DCI-P3-D65 with the spectral colors and purple line along the rim. The corners of the triangle are the primary colors of the DCI-P3 color space. The white point shown here is Illuminant D65. However DCI-P3 uses a slightly warmer and greener whitepoint with a correlated color temperature of approximately 6300K (not shown).
StatusPublished
Organization
AuthorsDCI
Base standardsRGB
Related standardssRGB
DomainColor space, color model
Website

History

Early history

In the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram the DCI-P3 color space covers 45.5% of all chromaticities and 86.9% of Pointer’s gamut. In the CIE 1976 u’v’ chromaticity diagram the coverage is 41.7% and 85.5% respectively.[2] The blue primary color is the same as sRGB and Adobe RGB;[1] the red primary color is a monochromatic light source and has a wavelength of 615 nm. DCI-P3 was defined by the Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) organization and published by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) in SMPTE EG 432-1 and SMPTE RP 431-2.[3] As a step towards the implementation of the significantly wider Rec. 2020 it is expected to see adoption in television systems and in the home cinema domain.[4]

On November 10, 2010, SMPTE published SMPTE EG 432-1:2010.[5]

On April 6, 2011, SMPTE published SMPTE RP 431-2:2011.[6]

Early producing

Officially supported DCI-P3 color space can be reproduced on a released in 2008[7] HP LP2480zx monitor, known as first "HP DreamColor".[8][9] The P3 gamut also can be reproduced on a released in 2010 EliteBook mobile workstation.[10]

2014–2016

In September 2014, Eizo introduced during a fair trade Photokina in Germany the CG-318 - the first professional 4K monitor with supporting of P3 color space.

In April 2014, was released two HP Z "Dreamcolor" displays[11] with P3 support.

In September 2015, Apple's iMac desktop became the first consumer computer with a built-in wide-gamut display, supporting the P3 color space.

On January 4, 2016, the UHD Alliance announced their specifications for Ultra HD Premium which requires devices to display at least 90% of the DCI P3 color space (in area, not volume).[12][13]

In March and September 2016, Apple's 9.7-inch iPad Pro,[14] iPhone 7[15] and 7 Plus[16][17] released with a display supporting P3 color; released in October 2016, new MacBook Pro also featuring support for P3.[18][19]

In August 2016, the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 shipped with an HDR display[20] with 100% DCI-P3 color gamut.[21]

In October 2016, Microsoft's Surface Studio desktop computer was unveiled, featuring P3 wide color.

2017

In April 2017, Samsung released the Galaxy S8, which supports P3 wide color.[22]

In June 2017, OnePlus 5 was released with support for P3.[23]

In October, 2017, Google released the Pixel 2, which covers 95% of the P3 color standard, and the Pixel 2 XL, which covers 100%. [24]

In November 2017, HTC announced HTC U11+ phone with P3 color support.[25]

In December 2017, Apple released iMac Pro, featuring P3 color.[26]

2018

In May, 2018, OnePlus launched the OnePlus 6 which also like its predecessor covers completely the DCI-P3 color space. Also Xiaomi Mi8 covers completely the DCI-P3 color space.

In October, 2018, Google released Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL which both cover 100% of the P3 color standard.[27]

2019

In January 2019, Asus launched the PQ22UC, a portable 21.6-inch 4K OLED screen with 99% DCI-P3 colour gamut that can run over USB-C.[28]

In June 2019, Apple introduced the Pro Display XDR, a 32-inch 6K (6016 x 3384) screen with DCI-P3 10-bit color, and 1,000,000:1 contrast ratio.[29]

In November 2019, Acer released their new studio laptop series called "ConceptD"; one of its laptop ConceptD 3 and ConceptD 3 Pro has 15.6-inch DCI-P3 Full HD display.[30]

2020

In November 2020, Apple released a new MacBook Air with a new display capable of P3 wide color.

2021

In October 2021, Apple released new 14" and 16" MacBook Pros with a new display capable of P3 wide color.

System colorimetry
RGB color space parameters[2][31]
Color space White point CCT Primary colors
xW yW K xR yR xG yG xB yB
P3-D65 (Display) 0.3127 0.3290 6504 0.680 0.320 0.265 0.690 0.150 0.060
P3-DCI (Theater) 0.314 0.351 6300 0.680 0.320 0.265 0.690 0.150 0.060
P3-D60 (ACES Cinema) 0.32168 0.33767 6000 0.680 0.320 0.265 0.690 0.150 0.060

DCI-P3 uses a simple 2.6 gamma curve, a white luminance of 48 cd/m2, and a whitepoint with a correlated daylight temperature of ~6300K, though it is not on the Planckian locus and is slightly greener, the result of optimizing for best light output with xenon lamp projectors.[5] Blue is the same as in BT.709.

DCI-P3 has a 25% larger color gamut than sRGB.[32]

Display P3 is a color space created by Apple Inc. It uses the DCI-P3 primaries but with a D65 white point which is much more common among computer-display colorspaces (sRGB and AdobeRGB both use D65). Also unlike DCI-P3's 1/2.6 pure gamma curve, Display P3 uses the sRGB transfer curve (EOTF and thus display referred), which, for comparison purposes, could be approximated to a 1/2.2 gamma curve.[33]

Display P3 (termed P3-D65) is also used for some of Netflix deliverables, including HDR and without BT.2020 container.[34][35]

DCI-P3+ and Cinema Gamut
Color space White point CCT Primary colors
xW yW K xR yR xG yG xB yB
DCI-P3+ 0.314 0.351 6300 0.740 0.270 0.220 0.780 0.090 -0.090
Cinema Gamut 0.3127 0.329 6504 0.740 0.270 0.170 1.140 0.080 -0.100

An expanded gamut known as the DCI-P3+ color space is also available, which in turn is a smaller version of the Cinema Gamut color space.[36] DCI-P3+ uses a green-tinted white point with a correlated color temperature of 6300K. Cinema Gamut is specified as having a D65 white point.

References
  1. "Color spaces". Technicolor SA. Archived from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  2. Kid Jansen (2014-02-19). "The Pointer's Gamut". tftcentral. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
  3. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 2011, New York: RP 431-2, D-Cinema Quality – Reference Projector and Environment for the Display of DCDM in Review Rooms and Theaters
  4. Geoffrey Morrison (2015-04-12). "Ultra HD 4K TV color, part II: The (near) future". CNET. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  5. "EG 432-1:2010 - Digital Source Processing — Color Processing for D-Cinema". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2010-11-10. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.EG432-1.2010.
  6. "RP 431-2:2011 - D-Cinema Quality — Reference Projector and Environment". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2011-04-06. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.RP431-2.2011.
  7. "HP DreamColor LP2480zx". Studio Daily. 2008-07-01. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  8. "Two days with HP and DreamWorks". JusTech'n. 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  9. "HP, DreamWorks Preview Breakthrough Color Display Technology | CreativePro Network". 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  10. Goldman, Joshua. "HP EliteBook Mobile Workstation 8540w review: HP EliteBook Mobile Workstation 8540w". CNET. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  11. April 2014, Kevin Parrish 08. "HP Intros Two New DreamColor Displays: HP Z27x & Z24x". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  12. "UHD Alliance Defines Premium Home Entertainment Experience". Business Wire. 2016-01-04. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
  13. Andy Vandervell (2016-01-06). "What is Ultra HD Premium? New HDR standard explained". TrustedReviews. Time Inc. UK. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
  14. "iPad Pro 9.7" (Wi-Fi Only) 32, 128, 256 GB Specs (A1673, MLMP2LL/A*, 2976, iPad6,3): EveryiPad.com". everymac.com. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  15. Mike Wuerthele (2016-09-09). "Apple's Wide Color screen on the iPhone 7 will lead to more faithful color reproduction". AppleInsider. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
  16. "iPhone 7 (AT&T/T-Mobile/Global/A1778) 32, 128, 256 GB Specs (A1778, MN9E2LL/A*, 3091*, iPhone9,3): EveryiPhone.com". everymac.com. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  17. "iPhone 7 Plus (AT&T/T-Mobile/Global/A1784) 32, 128, 256 GB Specs (A1784, MNQT2LL/A*, 3092*, iPhone9,4): EveryiPhone.com". everymac.com. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  18. "MacBook Pro - Technical Specifications". Apple. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  19. "MacBook Pro 13-Inch "Core i5" 2.0 Late 2016 Specs (Late 2016 13", MLL42LL/A*, MacBookPro13,1, A1708, 2978): EveryMac.com". everymac.com. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  20. "The HDR screen of the Galaxy Note 7 could be the next big thing for phones". CNET. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  21. "Galaxy Note7 OLED Display Technology Shoot-Out". www.displaymate.com. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  22. Soneira, Raymond. "Galaxy S8 OLED Display Technology Shoot-Out". DisplayMate. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  23. Rahman, Mishaal (29 June 2017). "Enable the OnePlus 5's DCI-P3 Wide Color Gamut Mode on the OnePlus 3T". xda-developers. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  24. "Forbes: Google Pixel 3 Vs Pixel 3 XL: What's The Difference?". Retrieved 2018-11-18.
  25. "HTC U11 Plus". HTC. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  26. "iMac Pro - Technical Specifications". Apple. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
  27. Kelly, Gordon. "Google Pixel 3 Vs Pixel 3 XL: What's The Difference?". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
  28. "CES 2018 ASUS Unveils ProArt PQ22UC OLED Monitor: 4K, 99% DCI-P3, 0.1 ms Response Time". ANDANTECH. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
  29. "Apple unveils powerful, all-new Mac Pro and groundbreaking Pro Display XDR". Apple. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  30. "Acer's ConceptD Line Just Got Cheaper and More Powerful".
  31. Rajan Joshi; Shan Liu; Gary Sullivan; Gerhard Tech; Ye-Kui Wang; Jizheng Xu; Yan Ye (2016-01-31). "HEVC Screen Content Coding Draft Text 5". JCT-VC. Retrieved 2016-01-31.
  32. Dean Jackson (2016-07-01). "Improving Color on the Web". WebKit. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
  33. "displayP3 - CGColorSpace". Apple Developer Documentation. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
  34. "Netflix Full Licensed Technical Specification v9.1". Netflix Partner Help Site. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
  35. "Netflix Talks Dolby Vision and HDR10". Streaming Media Magazine. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  36. "PUB DIM-1102-000" (PDF). DCI-P3+ and Cinema Gamut. Retrieved 2021-08-27 – via Document is hosted on Canon's website at https://canoncanada.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1027929/~/extended-color-gamut-information.
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