Ethiopid race

Ethiopid (also spelled Aethiopid, also called Erythriote, or Eastern Hamitic) is an outdated racial classification of humans indigenous to Northeastern Africa - the Horn of Africa and Nile Valley regions - who were typically classified as part of the Caucasian race - the Hamitic sub-branch, or in rare instances the Negroid race,[1][2][3] but today are considered Black people within Western society.[4][5] The racial classification was generally made up of mostly Afro-Asiatic language speaking populations of the Horn of Africa (Semitic - Ethiosemitic, Cushitic, and Omotic speaking populations) but to an extent also includes several Nilo-Saharan language speaking populations of the Nile Valley and African Great Lakes region (including but not limited to Nilotic and Sudanic speaking populations).[6]

Somali man of Eastern Hamitic type (sculpture of The Races of Mankind series, 1929).

According to John Baker (1974), in their stable form, their center of distribution was considered to be Horn of Africa, among that region's Hamito-Semitic-speaking populations.[1]

Baker described them as being of medium height, with a dolicocephalic or mesocephalic skull (see cephalic index), an essentially Caucasoid facial form, an orthognathic profile (no prognathism) and a rather prominent, narrow nose, often ringlety hair, and an invariably brown skin, with either a reddish or blackish tinge.[1]

The concept of dividing humankind into three races called Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid (originally named "Ethiopian") was introduced in the 1780s by members of the Göttingen School of History and further developed by Western scholars in the context of racist ideologies during the age of colonialism.[7]