February 1930
The following events occurred in February 1930:
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February 18, 1930: Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovers a ninth planet, Pluto
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February 13, 1930: Charles Evans Hughes, who lost the 1916 U.S. presidential election to Woodrow Wilson, confirmed as new Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to replace William Howard Taft, who lost the 1912 U.S. presidential election to Woodrow Wilson
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February 21, 1930: Camille Chautemps becomes Prime Minister of France, government collapses 10 days later
Saturday, February 1
- The Soviet Union continued its crackdown on kulaks as it issued a decree forbidding kulak households to sell their property and leave their district before authorities got around to expropriating their assets.[1]
- A bomb was found at the British Museum, and was attributed to Indian nationalists.[2]
- Born: Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh from 1983 to 1990; in Dinhata, British India (d. 2019)
Sunday, February 2
Chief Justice and former U.S. President Taft
- William Howard Taft resigned as Chief Justice of the United States due to failing health.[3]
The plaque [4]
- A controversial plaque was unveiled in Sarajevo honoring Gavrilo Princip, the assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. The plaque was located at the site of the assassination and bore an inscription saying that Princip had initiated liberty there on June 28, 1914. The Yugoslav government disavowed any connection to the plaque and said it was a private memorial.
Monday, February 3
- The Communist Party of Vietnam was established by merger of the Communist Party of Indochina, the Communist Party of Annam and the Communist League of Indochina.
- U.S. President Herbert Hoover nominated Charles Evans Hughes to be the new Chief Justice of the United States.[5]
- Died: Michele Bianchi, 46, Italian Fascist leader
Tuesday, February 4
- The Prussian Minister of the Interior, Albert Grzesinski, forbade members of subversive parties and organizations to hold leading positions in local government. The regulation was mainly aimed at Nazis and Communists.[6]
- The American School of the Air, the first half-hour educational radio program, made its debut on the CBS Radio Network at 2:30 in the afternoon Eastern time, to be listened to on radios in school classrooms nationwide. [7] The program would run until 1948.
Wednesday, February 5
Pascual Ortiz, sworn in and wounded on same day
- Pascual Ortiz Rubio became President of Mexico. Two hours after Ortiz took the oath of office, a gunman fired six shots at the presidential car, wounding him in the jaw. The assailant was quickly arrested.[8] Serving in a figurehead role for Plutarco Elias Calles, Ortiz would resign the presidency on September 4, 1932.
- The World Figure Skating Championships ended in New York City. Sonja Henie of Norway won the ladies' competition for the fourth straight year, while Karl Schäfer of Austria won the men's competition.
- Died: Naum Faiq Palak, 63, prominent Syrian nationalist.
Thursday, February 6
- The Bank of England lowered its discount rate from 5 to 4.5% to encourage trade; the Federal Reserve Bank of New York followed the same day with a reduction to 4.5 to 4%.[9]
- Austria and Italy signed a treaty of friendship.[10]
- The new Spanish government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.[2]
- Born: Allan King, Canadian documentary film director; in Vancouver (d. 2009)
Friday, February 7
- Fernando de Melo Viana, the Vice President of Brazil since 1926, was seriously wounded after being shot three times, and five other people were killed, in Montes Claros during campaigning for the nationwide March 1 general election.[11] Melo Viana would recover from his wounds and live until 1954.
- The Opium Commission of the League of Nations adopted a global resolution that only enough opium would be produced as was necessary for medicinal purposes.[12]
- Born: David Kahn, American historian, journalist and writer, known for the history of cryptography, The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing; in New York City
Saturday, February 8
- Pope Pius XI published a letter in L'Osservatore Romano condemning the persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union.[13]
- Born:
- Jim Dooley, American professional football player who played for and later coached the Chicago Bears; in Stoutsville, Missouri (d. 2008)
- Alejandro Rey, Argentine-born U.S. film and TV actor and television director, in Buenos Aires (died of lung cancer, 1987)
Sunday, February 9
- A riot broke out at Vincennes race track in Paris when an angry crowd stormed the track and began tearing it down, believing that certain races were being fixed.[14]
- Enrique Olaya Herrera won the Colombian presidential election, defeating two other major candidates. and took office for a 4-year term on August 7.
Monday, February 10
- The Yên Bái mutiny occurred in French Indochina. The French crushed an uprising of Vietnamese soldiers against their officers.[15]
- Born: Robert Wagner, American TV and film actor; in Detroit
Tuesday, February 11
- At the London Naval Conference, the United States and Britain proposed the abolition of submarines, but France and Japan resisted.[16]
Wednesday, February 12
- At the Convocations of Canterbury and York, the Archbishop of Canterbury attacked the Soviet Union for "the imprisonment, the exile, the deliberate putting to death of prelates and parish priests, of monks and nuns, and of the humblest folk."[2]
- Born: Arlen Specter, U.S. Senator for Pennsylvania from 1981 to 2009 as a Republican, before switching back to being a Democrat from 2009 to 2011; in Wichita, Kansas (d. 2012)
Thursday, February 13
- Charles Evans Hughes was confirmed as Chief Justice by the Senate by a vote of 52 to 26. He would take office on February 24. [5]
- The film The Green Goddess, a talking remake of the 1923 silent film of the same name and starring George Arliss, was released.
Friday, February 14
- The engagement of Edda Mussolini and Galeazzo Ciano was announced.[17]
- The Vatican sent a note to bishops and clergy around the world instructing them to deny rites such as holy communion, baptism and confirmation to women dressed in immodest attire.[18]
- Died: Sir Thomas Mackenzie, 75, Scottish-born politician who served as Prime Minister of New Zealand from March 28 to July 10 in 1912. He later served as New Zealand's diplomatic representative, the High Commissioner, until 1920.
Saturday, February 15
- The Soviet newspapers Izvestia and Pravda declared that foreign attacks on the government for its suppression of churches were part of a concerted international movement against the USSR.[19]
- Born:
- Bruce Bolt, Australian seismologist, in Largs, New South Wales (d. 2005)
- Bruce Dawe, Australian poet, in Fitzroy, Victoria (d. 2020)
- Sara Jane Moore, attempted assassin of U.S. President Gerald Ford, in Charleston, West Virginia
- Died:
- Giulio Douhet, 60, Italian general and air power theorist
- Heinrich Kanner, 65, Austrian author, journalist and newspaper editor
- William Stearns Davis, 52, American educator, historian and author
Sunday, February 16
- Cairine Wilson was appointed to the Senate of Canada, the first female senator of the entire British Empire.[20]
- Born:
- Peter Adamson, English actor, in Allerton, Liverpool(d. 2002)
- Noah Weinberg, American rabbi, in New York City (d. 2009)
Monday, February 17
- André Tardieu resigned as Prime Minister of France after his government was defeated by six votes in the Chamber of Deputies. The defeat was over a minor bill involving the taxation of married women sharing a business with their husbands.[21]
Tuesday, February 18
Pluto in 2015
- Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered the ninth planet, Pluto.[22] In 2006, the International Astronomical Union would reclassify the definition of planets and declare that Earth was one of only eight, rather than nine, planets in our solar system.
- Representatives of the United States, Britain, Norway, the Netherlands and Brazil signed a pact in Nanjing bringing foreign lawyers under the jurisdiction and control of the Chinese government.[23]
- The bodies of explorer Carl Ben Eielson and his mechanic, Earl Borland, were recovered from the site of their plane crash in Siberia. The plane went down on November 9 while trying to reach the stranded ship Nanuk.[24]
- Elm Farm Ollie became the first cow to fly in an airplane, as part of the International Air Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri.[25]
- Ho Chi Minh gave the speech "Appeal Made on the Occasion of the Founding of the Indochinese Communist Party" calling for a people's communist revolution.[26]
Wednesday, February 19
- The London Naval Conference was adjourned for a week to give France time to form a new government.[27]
- Born: John Frankenheimer, American film director, in Queens, New York (d. 2002)
Thursday, February 20
Prime Minister Hamaguchi
- Voting was held for the 466 seats of Japan's House of Representatives. The Constitutional Democratic Party (the Minseitō), led by Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi, won 273 of the seats for a majority. In the previous election, no party had the 234 seats necessary for control, with the Minseitō having 217 and the rival Seiyūkai having 218.
- Born: Ken Jones, English actor, in Liverpool (d. 2014)
Friday, February 21
- Camille Chautemps became the new Prime Minister of France.[28]
- Richard Luttrell Pilkington Bethell, the 3rd Baron Westbury, committed suicide by jumping from the seventh story window of his apartment. Believers in the supernatural attributed his death to the curse of Tutankhamun, as his son was an Egyptologist who had participated in the excavation of Tut's tomb and mysteriously died in his sleep in November 1929.[29]
- Born: Joan Metge, New Zealand social anthropologist, educator, lecturer and writer; in Auckland
- Died: Ahmad Shah Qajar, 32, who had reigned as the Shah of Iran from 1909 until he was deposed by Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925
Saturday, February 22
- Marking the fourteenth anniversary of the Battle of Verdun, a lighthouse was dedicated at the Douaumont Ossuary which would flash alternately a red and white light over the cemetery grounds.[30]
- Born:
- James McGarrell, painter and printmaker, in Indianapolis, Indiana (d. 2020)
- Marni Nixon, American soprano and playback singer who dubbed the singing for other actresses in film; in Altadena, California (d. 2016)
Sunday, February 23
- Sir Edwin Lutyens resigned from the Royal Institute of British Architects after endorsing an unpopular government plan to build a bridge across the Thames at Charing Cross.[2]
- Died:
- Mabel Normand, 37, American film actress, died of tuberculosis
- Horst Wessel, 22, German Nazi Party activist, died 40 days after he had been shot on January 14, and was celebrated as a martyr by the Nazis.
Monday, February 24
- While laying in his hospital bed, Chicago gangster Frank McErlane was shot three times by rival gang members. McErlane, whose fractured right leg was in a cast while recovering from a previous shootout, returned fire and the two assailants fled.[31]
- Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King said that he would immediately call a new federal election on the issue of the American tariff if the U.S. government boosted its tariff against Canada.[32]
- The U.S. Supreme Court decided United States v. Wurzbach.
- Born:
- Joan Diener, actress and singer, in Columbus, Ohio (d. 2006)
- Barbara Lawrence, writer, actress and model, in Carnegie, Oklahoma (d. 2013)
- Anita Steckel, artist and feminist, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2012)
Tuesday, February 25
- The Camille Chautemps government fell on a confidence vote after less than a week in power. He had tried to form a left-wing coalition but the Socialist Party refused to support him when he vowed to continue the naval policy of the previous government at the London Conference instead of adopting a more conciliatory one.[33]
- The British bill to abolish blasphemy as a crime was dropped.[2]
Wednesday, February 26
- President of the Dominican Republic Horacio Vásquez fled Santo Domingo as rebel forces led by General Rafael Trujillo toppled his government.[34]
- André Tardieu was asked by French President Gaston Doumergue to try to form a new government.[35]
Thursday, February 27
- Prayers for former U.S. president William Howard Taft were broadcast across the nation as physicians frankly stated that he had been unconscious for most of the day and that there was no hope of recovery.[36]
- The Fox Theatre in Visalia, California, opened.
- Born:
- Peter Stone, writer, in Los Angeles (d. 2003)
- John Straffen, serial killer, at Bordon Camp in Hampshire, England (d. 2007)
- Joanne Woodward, actress and producer, in Thomasville, Georgia
Friday, February 28
- Spain restored censorship of the press and imposed a ban on all public meetings and speeches in an attempt to suppress republican agitation.[37]
- Born:
- Leon Cooper, American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate, in New York City
- Frank Malzone, baseball player, in the Bronx (d. 2015)
- Died:
- Perceval Maitland Laurence, 75, English scholar and judge
- James H. Snook, 50, American veterinarian who had been convicted of murder, was executed in the electric chair at the Ohio Penitentiary.
References
- Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1994). Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village After Collectivization. Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-19-510459-2.
- Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- Weeks, Philip (2003). Buckeye Presidents: Ohioans in the White House. Kent State University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-87338-727-9.
- attribution: Lienyuan Lee
- Wilson, Steven Harmon (2012). The U.S. Justice System: an Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 552. ISBN 978-1-59884-304-0.
- "Tageseinträge für 4. Februar 1930". chroniknet. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- Jim Cox, This Day in Network Radio: A Daily Calendar of Births, Debuts, Cancellations and Other Events in Broadcasting History (McFarland & Company, 2008) p. 29 ISBN 978-0-7864-3848-8
- Cornyn, John (February 6, 1930). "Rubio is Shot at Inaugural". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- Mather, O.A. (February 7, 1930). "Both England, U.S. Make Cut in Bank Rate". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 19.
- "Chronology 1930". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- "Political Foes Shoot Brazil's Vice President". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 8, 1930. p. 1.
- "Tageseinträge für 7. Februar 1930". chroniknet. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- Sage, Robert (February 9, 1930). "Pope Opens War on War Against God in Russia". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 22.
- Shirer, William (February 10, 1930). "Rioters Burn Racing Plant, Fight Cavalry". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- Busky, Donald F. (2002). Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Praeger Publishers. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-275-97733-7.
- Steele, John (February 12, 1930). "France Fights U.S.-British Plan to Abolish Subs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
- "Will Be Bride". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 16, 1930. p. 4.
- "Vatican Issues Decree Against Immodest Dress". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 15, 1930. p. 6.
- "Russia Paints World as Arming to Attack Her". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 16, 1930. p. 5.
- "Canada Appoints Woman Senator; First in Empire". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 17, 1930. p. 2.
- Allen, Jay (February 18, 1930). "French Cabinet Falls on Tax for Married Women". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- "Pluto Discovered – February 18, 1930". History. A+E Networks. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- "China to Govern Alien Lawyers Under New Pact". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 19, 1930. p. 5.
- "Carl Ben Eielson: The Father of Alaskan Aviation – 1897–1929". LitSite Alaska. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- "Sky Queen the first Flying Cow". Dairy Moos. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- "Ho Chi Minh, "Appeal Made on the Occasion of the Founding of the Indochinese Communist Party," February 18, 1930". SHAFR. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
- "Parley Quits For a Week to Await French". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. February 19, 1930. p. 1.
- Wales, Henry (February 22, 1930). "France's Latest Premier to Back Big Navy Stand". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
- Steele, John (February 22, 1930). "Peer Takes Own Life to Escape 'King Tut Curse'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "France Dedicates Revolving Light to War Dead at Verdun". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 23, 1930. p. 10.
- "M'Erlane Shot on Sickbed". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 25, 1930. p. 1.
- "Canada to Hold Election if U.S. Boosts Tariff". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 25, 1930. p. 6.
- Wales, Henry (February 26, 1930). "5 Day Cabinet of France Dies on Naval Issue". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- "Leaders Flee as Rebels Seize Santo Domingo". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 27, 1930. p. 1.
- Allen, Jay (February 27, 1930). "Poincaré Comes to Tardieu's Aid in Cabinet Task". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 9.
- "Pray for Taft on Death Bed". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 28, 1930. p. 1.
- "Spain Clamps on Lid Again to End Revolt Threat". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 1, 1930. p. 5.
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