Juma people

The Júma were an indigenous people of Brazil, who lived in the Terra Indígena Juma in the Amazonas, along the Mucuim River, a tributary of Rio Açuã.[3] It is now extinct.

Not to be confused with Jumma people.
Júma
Total population
Extinct as a tribe (2021) [1] [2]
Regions with significant populations
 Brazil ( Amazonas)
Languages
Juma[3]
Religion
Traditional tribal religion
Related ethnic groups
Amundava, Capivarí, Karipúna, Jiahúi, Parintintin, Piripkúra, Tenharim,and Uru-eu-wau-wau[3]

Name

The Júma were also known as Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawaib, and Yumá people.[3]

Population

In the 18th century, the Juma numbered between 12,000–15,000 people.[4] The Juma numbered 300 in 1940.[3] In 1998, there were only four Juma people.. As of 2021, there are no descendants of Aruká's, the last elder Juma member, who died from COVID-19 in 2021 in Porto Velho. Arukas children and grandchildren died from the virus as well making the tribe extinct. [5][1][6]

Language

The Júma people spoke one of the nine varieties of the Kagwahiva language, which belongs to Subgroup VI of the Tupi-Guarani languages. [3] The last native speaker, called Aruka Juma, died in 2021. [7] Furthermore, the language has been documented since 2019 through the recording of vocabulary lists, traditional narratives, everyday stories, etc. Some of the texts can accessed through the website of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages[8]

Notes
  1. "A devastadora e irreparável morte de Aruká Juma".
  2. "The last living man of the Juma people in Brazil has died from Covid-19".
  3. "Juma." Ethnologue. 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  4. "Juma: Introduction." Instituto Socioambiental: Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Retrieved 27 March 2012
  5. Galarraga Gortázar, Naiara (2021-02-22). "Covid-19 takes the life of the last male from Brazil's indigenous Juma tribe". El País. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  6. "A última família dos índios Juma". 19 April 2016.
  7. Michael Astor (10 March 2021). "Aruká Juma, Last Man of His Tribe, Is Dead". New York Times.
  8. "Kawahíva Language Documentation Archive"Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2021.

Further reading
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