List of chancellors of Austria

The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of the Austrian Republic, appointed by the president and regarded as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice chancellor and the ministers.[2]

Clockwise from top left:
  • Renner was the first Chancellor of German-Austria, the First Republic and the Second Republic
  • Dollfuss turned the First Republic into a dictatorship and is a key figure in fascism
  • For most of his incumbency, Kurz was the world's youngest head of government.
  • Kreisky is considered perhaps Austria's most successful Socialist leader[1]

Following World War I, the office was originally established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 as state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allies declined a union between Austria and Germany,[3] German-Austria established the First Austrian Republic and soon afterwards renamed the office from state chancellor to federal chancellor – the first federal chancellor was Michael Mayr. Ten chancellors served under the First Republic until Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss established the authoritarian and dictatorial Federal State of Austria.[4] Following Dollfuss's assassination by Austrian National Socialists,[5] Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him as chancellor and upheld the dictatorship.[6] Schuschnigg in turn was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, a Nazi caretaker who held the office for two days, until Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany.[7]

Austria under National Socialism lost its original republican system of government and was administered by Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1938–1939), Reich Commissioner Josef Bürckel[8] (1939–1940) and Reichsstatthalter Baldur von Schirach[9] (1940–1945). In 1940, the country was renamed Ostmark, completely lost its autonomy and became an administrative division of Nazi Germany.[10][11] After the liberation of Vienna and the dissolution of Nazi Germany, Austria reinstated its republican form of government.[12] However, the country remained under allied occupation until 1955[13] and thus the country's ultimate sovereignty was still held by the Allied Control Council.

Since the establishment of the republic, the People's Party and the Social Democratic Party have largely dominated Austrian politics. The People's Party/Christian Social Party led nineteen cabinets and was the second largest party in eight coalition cabinets; the Social Democratic Party/Social Democratic Workers' Party led eleven cabinets and was the second largest party in five coalition cabinets. Seven parties never held the chancellorship but participated in coalition cabinets: the Greater German People's Party in five, the Freedom Party and the Landbund in four, the Fatherland Front in two, and the Greens, the Alliance for the Future and the Communist Party in one.

If the chancellor dies, resigns or is otherwise incapable of exercising the powers and duties of the office, the vice chancellor automatically becomes acting chancellor; that is if the president has not already found a permanent replacement. If the vice chancellor is unavailable, the other members of the government take over in order of seniority.[14] The unavailability of an elected chancellor does not automatically call for a new election. If the president in turn dies, resigns or is otherwise incapacitated, the chancellor assumes all the powers and duties of the presidency, but only for twenty days.[15]

Bruno Kreisky was the longest serving chancellor with more than 13 years in office, Arthur Seyss-Inquart was the shortest serving non-acting chancellor with 3 days in office, and Walter Breisky was the shortest serving acting chancellor with only 2 days in office.

Chancellors
Parties
  Austrian People's Party / Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP)
  •   1891–1934: Christian Social Party / Christlichsoziale Partei (CS)
  •   2017–present: New People's Party / Neue Volkspartei
  Social Democratic Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ)
  •   1889–1934: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ)
  Freedom Party of Austria / Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ)
  Alliance for the Future of Austria / Bündnis Zukunft Österreich (BZÖ)
  Communist Party of Austria / Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ)
  The Greens / die Grünen
Historical parties
  1920–1934: Greater German People's Party / Großdeutsche Volkspartei (GDVP)
  1922–1934: Rural Federation / Landbund (LBd)
  1920–1936: Homeland Guard / Heimwehr
  1933–1938: Fatherland Front / Vaterländische Front (VF)
  1920–1945: National Socialist German Worker's Party / Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)
  ‡ Denotes acting chancellors
First Republic (1918–1938)
Party Portrait Name Tenure Election Governing party or coalition Ref. and notes
SDAPÖ Karl Renner
(1870–1950)		 30 October 1918
–
7 July 1920		 1919 • SDAPÖ • CS • GDVP [16][17][18]
[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
CS Michael Mayr
(1864–1922)		 7 July 1920
–
21 June 1921		 1920 • CS • SDAPÖ [19]
[lower-alpha 3]
IND Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)		 21 June 1921
–
26 January 1922		 – • CS • GDVP • Technocrats [20]
CS Walter Breisky
(1871–1944)
‡		 26 January 1922
–
27 January 1922		 – • CS • GDVP [21]
IND Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)		 27 January 1922
–
31 May 1922		 – • CS • GDVP • Technocrats [22]
CS Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932)		 31 May 1922
–
20 November 1924		 1923 • CS • GDVP • Technocrats [23]
CS Rudolf Ramek
(1881–1941)		 20 November 1924
–
20 October 1926		 – • CS • GDVP [24]
CS Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932)		 20 October 1926
–
4 May 1929		 1927 • CS • GDVP • LBd
CS Ernst Streeruwitz
(1874–1952)		 4 May 1929
–
26 September 1929		 – • CS • LBd [25]
IND Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)		 26 September 1929
–
30 September 1930		 – • CS
CS Carl Vaugoin
(1873–1949)		 30 September 1930
–
4 December 1930		 – • CS [26]
CS Otto Ender
(1875–1960)		 4 December 1930
–
20 June 1931		 1930 • CS [27]
CS Karl Buresch
(1878–1936)		 20 June 1931
–
20 May 1932		 – • CS • LBd [28]
CS Engelbert Dollfuss
(1892–1934)		 20 May 1932
–
25 July 1934		 – • CS • LBd • Heimwehr
20 May 1932 – 1 May 1934

• VF
1 May 1934 – 25 July 1934		 [29]
VF
VF Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977)
‡		 25 July 1934
–
29 July 1934		 – • VF [30]
VF Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977)		 29 July 1934
–
11 March 1938		 – • VF [31]
NSDAP Arthur Seyss-Inquart
(1892–1946)		 11 March 1938
–
13 March 1938		 – • NSDAP [32][33]

Austria was part of Nazi Germany from 12 March 1938 to 13 April 1945

SPÖ Karl Renner
(1870–1950)		 27 April 1945
–
20 December 1945		 – • SPÖ • ÖVP • KPÖ [34][35][36]
[lower-alpha 4]
ÖVP Leopold Figl
(1902–1965)		 20 December 1945
–
2 April 1953		 1945 • ÖVP • SPÖ [37]
1949
ÖVP Julius Raab
(1891–1964)		 2 April 1953
–
11 April 1961		 1953 • ÖVP • SPÖ [38]
1956
1959
ÖVP Alfons Gorbach
(1898–1972)		 11 April 1961
–
2 April 1964		 1962 • ÖVP • SPÖ [39]
ÖVP Josef Klaus
(1910–2001)		 2 April 1964
–
21 April 1970		 – • ÖVP • SPÖ [40]
1966 • ÖVP
SPÖ Bruno Kreisky
(1911–1990)		 21 April 1970
–
24 May 1983		 1970 • SPÖ [41]
1971
1975
1979
SPÖ Fred Sinowatz
(1929–2008)		 24 May 1983
–
16 June 1986		 1983 • SPÖ • FPÖ [42]
SPÖ Franz Vranitzky
(born 1937)		 16 June 1986
–
28 January 1997		 1986 • SPÖ • FPÖ [43]
1990 • SPÖ • ÖVP
1994
1995
SPÖ Viktor Klima
(born 1947)		 28 January 1997
–
4 February 2000		 – • SPÖ • ÖVP [44]
ÖVP Wolfgang Schüssel
(born 1945)		 4 February 2000
–
11 January 2007		 1999 • ÖVP • FPÖ
4 February 2000 – 3 April 2005

• ÖVP • BZÖ
3 April 2005 – 11 January 2007		 [45]
2002
SPÖ Alfred Gusenbauer
(born 1960)		 11 January 2007
–
2 December 2008		 2006 [[Gusenbauer government|• SPÖ • ÖVP [46]]]
SPÖ Werner Faymann
(born 1960)		 2 December 2008
–
9 May 2016		 2008 • SPÖ • ÖVP [47]
2013
ÖVP Reinhold Mitterlehner
(born 1955)
‡		 9 May 2016
–
17 May 2016		 – • SPÖ • ÖVP [48][49]
SPÖ Christian Kern
(born 1966)		 17 May 2016
–
18 December 2017		 – • SPÖ • ÖVP [50]
ÖVP Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986)		 18 December 2017
–
28 May 2019		 2017 • ÖVP • FPÖ
18 December 2017 – 22 May 2019

• ÖVP
22 May 2019 – 28 May 2019		 [51]
ÖVP Hartwig Löger
(born 1965)
‡		 28 May 2019
–
3 June 2019		 – • ÖVP [52][53]
IND Brigitte Bierlein
(born 1949)		 3 June 2019
–
7 January 2020		 – • Technocrats [54][55]
ÖVP Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986)		 7 January 2020
–
11 October 2021		 2019 • ÖVP • Greens [56]
ÖVP Alexander Schallenberg
(born 1969)		 11 October 2021
–
6 December 2021		 – • ÖVP • Greens [57]
ÖVP Karl Nehammer
(born 1972)		 6 December 2021
–
present		 – • ÖVP • Greens [58]

Statistics

The median age at which a chancellor first takes office is 50 years and 168 days (falling between Christian Kern and Walter Breisky). The youngest person to ever assume the office is Sebastian Kurz, who took office at the age of 31 years, 113 days. The oldest person to become chancellor for the first time is Brigitte Bierlein at the age of 69 years, 343 days. Karl Renner served two nonconsecutive terms; at the beginning of his second term he was 74 years, 134 days old.

The oldest living former chancellor is Franz Vranitzky, born 4 October 1937, (aged 84 years, 71 days). The youngest living former chancellor is Sebastian Kurz, born 27 August 1986, (aged 35 years, 109 days).

The longest living chancellor was Josef Klaus, who died on 26 July 2001 at the age of 90 years, 345 days. Franz Vranitzky, the oldest living former chancellor, will surpass Klaus if he lives beyond 14 September 2028. The shortest living chancellor was Engelbert Dollfuss, who was assassinated in office on 25 July 1934 at the age of 41 years, 294 days.

The chancellor with the longest retirement is Kurt Schuschnigg. He left office on 11 March 1938, and died 39 years, and 252 days later on 18 November 1977.

Statistics
Chancellor Date of birth Assumed office
(first term)		 Age at ascension
(first term)		 Time in office
(total)		 Left office
(last term)		 Age at retirement
(last term)		 Length of
retirement
 Date of death Lifespan
Karl Renner 14 December 1870 30 October 1918 47 years, 320 days 865 days 20 December 1945 75 years, 6 days 5 years, 11 days 31 December 1950 80 years, 17 days
Michael Mayr 10 April 1864 7 July 1920 56 years, 88 days 349 days 21 June 1921 57 years, 72 days 334 days 21 May 1922 58 years, 41 days
Johannes Schober 14 November 1874 21 June 1921 46 years, 219 days 712 days 30 September 1930 55 years, 320 days 1 year, 324 days 19 August 1932 57 years, 279 days
Walter Breisky 8 July 1871 26 January 1922 50 years, 202 days 1 day 27 January 1922 50 years, 203 days 22 years, 242 days 25 September 1944 73 years, 79 days
Ignaz Seipel 19 July 1876 31 May 1922 45 years, 316 days 1,832 days 27 January 1922 52 years, 289 days 3 years, 90 days 2 August 1932 56 years, 14 days
Rudolf Ramek 12 April 1881 20 November 1924 43 years, 222 days 699 days 20 October 1926 45 years, 191 days 14 years, 277 days 24 July 1941 60 years, 103 days
Ernst Streeruwitz 23 September 1874 4 May 1929 54 years, 223 days 145 days 26 September 1929 55 years, 3 days 23 years, 23 days 19 October 1952 78 years, 26 days
Carl Vaugoin 8 July 1873 30 September 1930 57 years, 84 days 65 days 4 December 1930 57 years, 149 days 18 years, 188 days 10 June 1949 75 years, 337 days
Otto Ender 24 December 1875 4 December 1930 54 years, 345 days 199 days 20 June 1931 55 years, 178 days 29 years, 5 days 25 June 1960 84 years, 184 days
Karl Buresch 12 October 1878 20 June 1931 52 years, 251 days 335 days 20 May 1932 53 years, 221 days 4 years, 119 days 16 September 1936 57 years, 340 days
Engelbert Dollfuss 4 October 1892 20 May 1932 39 years, 229 days 795 days 25 July 1934 41 years, 294 days N/A 25 July 1934 41 years, 294 days
Kurt Schuschnigg 14 December 1897 25 July 1934 36 years, 223 days 1,321 days 11 March 1938 40 years, 87 days 39 years, 252 days 18 November 1977 79 years, 339 days
Arthur Seyss-Inquart 22 July 1892 11 March 1938 45 years, 232 days 2 days 13 March 1938 45 years, 234 days 8 years, 217 days 16 October 1946 54 years, 86 days
Leopold Figl 2 October 1902 20 December 1945 43 years, 79 days 2,660 days 2 April 1953 50 years, 182 days 12 years, 37 days 9 May 1965 62 years, 219 days
Julius Raab 29 November 1891 2 April 1953 61 years, 124 days 2,931 days 11 April 1961 69 years, 133 days 2 years, 272 days 8 January 1964 72 years, 40 days
Alfons Gorbach 2 September 1898 11 April 1961 62 years, 221 days 1,087 days 2 April 1964 65 years, 213 days 8 years, 120 days 31 July 1972 73 years, 333 days
Josef Klaus 15 August 1910 2 April 1964 53 years, 231 days 2,210 days 21 April 1970 59 years, 249 days 31 years, 95 days 25 July 2001 90 years, 344 days
Bruno Kreisky 22 January 1911 21 April 1970 59 years, 89 days 4,781 days 24 May 1983 72 years, 122 days 7 years, 66 days 29 July 1990 79 years, 188 days
Fred Sinowatz 5 February 1929 24 May 1983 54 years, 108 days 1,119 days 16 June 1986 57 years, 131 days 22 years, 56 days 11 August 2008 79 years, 188 days
Franz Vranitzky 4 October 1937 16 June 1986 48 years, 255 days 3,878 days 28 January 1997 59 years, 116 days 24 years, 320 days Living 84 years, 71 days (Living)
Viktor Klima 4 June 1947 28 January 1997 49 years, 238 days 1,103 days 4 February 2000 52 years, 245 days 21 years, 313 days Living 74 years, 193 days (Living)
Wolfgang Schüssel 7 June 1945 4 February 2000 54 years, 242 days 2,532 days 11 January 2007 61 years, 218 days 14 years, 337 days Living 76 years, 190 days (Living)
Alfred Gusenbauer 8 February 1960 11 January 2007 46 years, 337 days 691 days 2 December 2008 48 years, 298 days 13 years, 12 days Living 61 years, 309 days (Living)
Werner Faymann 4 May 1960 2 December 2008 48 years, 212 days 2,716 days 9 May 2016 56 years, 5 days 5 years, 219 days Living 61 years, 224 days (Living)
Christian Kern 4 January 1966 17 May 2016 50 years, 134 days 580 days 18 December 2017 51 years, 348 days 3 years, 361 days Living 55 years, 344 days (Living)
Sebastian Kurz 27 August 1986 18 December 2017 31 years, 113 days 1,170 days 11 October 2021 35 years, 45 days 64 days Living 35 years, 109 days (Living)
Brigitte Bierlein 25 June 1949 3 June 2019 69 years, 343 days 218 days 7 January 2020 70 years, 196 days 1 year, 341 days Living 72 years, 172 days (Living)
Alexander Schallenberg 20 June 1969 11 October 2021 52 years, 113 days 57 days 6 December 2021 52 years, 169 days 8 days Living 52 years, 177 days (Living)
Karl Nehammer 18 October 1972 6 December 2021 49 years, 49 days 8 days Incumbent Incumbent Living 49 years, 57 days (Living)

See also

Notes
  1. Renner initially served as State Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria until 21 October 1919, and thereafter as State Chancellor of the Republic of Austria.
  2. The chancellor is appointed by the president of Austria. However, since the office of president was only established in 1920, Renner was instead appointed by the State Council.
  3. Office renamed from "State Chancellor" to "Federal Chancellor" on 10 November 1920.
  4. After the Red Army freed Vienna from the Nazi Regime, Renner formed a cabinet under Soviet rule. The cabinet was accepted by the Soviets on 27 April 1945 and recognized by all states of Austria as well as the Allied Control Council in September 1945.

References
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