List of Ottoman Grand Viziers

The Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam (Sadrazam); Ottoman Turkish: صدر اعظم or وزیر اعظم) was the de facto prime minister of the sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissible only by the sultan himself in the classical period, before the Tanzimat reforms, or until the 1908 Revolution. He held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state in the Imperial Council; the viziers in conference were called "kubbe viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealtı ('under-the-dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte.

Grand Vizier of
the Ottoman Empire
Seal of the Grand Vizier
StyleHis Excellency
ResidenceBab-ı Ali
AppointerThe Sultan
Formation1328
First holderAlaeddin Pasha
Final holderAhmet Tevfik Pasha
Abolished1 November 1922
SuccessionPrime Minister of Turkey

History
State organisation of
the Ottoman Empire
Classic period
Constitutional period

During the nascent phases of the Ottoman state, "Vizier" was the only title used. The first of these Ottoman Viziers who was titled "Grand Vizier" was Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (also known as Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder). The purpose in instituting the title "Grand Vizier" was to distinguish the holder of the Sultan's seal from other viziers. The initially more frequently used title of vezir-i âzam was gradually replaced by sadrazam, both meaning grand vizier in practice. Throughout Ottoman history, the grand viziers have also been termed sadr-ı âlî ('high vizier'), vekil-i mutlak ('absolute attorney'), sâhib-i devlet ('holder of the state'), serdar-ı ekrem ('gracious general'), serdar-ı azam ('grand general') and zât-ı âsafî ('vizieral person') and başnazır,[1] literally "prime minister" in Ottoman Turkish.

In the late periods of the Ottoman Empire, especially during and after the 19th century, the Grand Vizier began to hold a position almost identical to that of a Prime Minister in other European states.[2] Reforms seen during and after the Tanzimat (1838), the First Constitutional Era (1876–1878), and the Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920) further brought the office of the Grand Vizier in line with the European standard, making the incumbent the head of a Cabinet of other ministers. During the two constitutional eras, the Grand Vizier also served as the speaker of the Senate, the upper house of the bicameral Ottoman Parliament. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Prime Minister of Turkey took on the roles of the former office.

Grand Viziers were often replaced or resigned in rapid succession, frequently leading to political instability. In the final 10 years of the Empire alone, the office of the Grand Vizier changed hands 13 times between 12 men; some, such as Ahmed Izzet Pasha and Salih Hulusi Pasha, held office for less than a month.

Absolute monarchy (1320–1876)
Ottoman Grand Viziers
Grand Vizier Term of office Sultan
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Alaeddin Pasha 1320 1331 11 years Osman I

(1299–1326)

Orhan

(1326–1362)

2 Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha 1331 1348 17 years
3 Hacı Pasha 1348 1349 1 year
4 Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha 1349 1364 15 years
Murad I

(1362–1389)

5 Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder) 1364 22 January 1387 23 years, 21 days
6 Çandarlı Ali Pasha 1387 1406 19 years
Bayezid I

(1389–1402)

Mehmed I

(1403–1421)

7 "Osmancıklı" Imamzade Halil Pasha 1406 1413 7 years
8 Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha 1413 1421 8 years
9 Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder 1421 1429 8 years Murad II

(1421–1444)

10 Amasyalı Hazır Dânişmendoğlu Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha 1429 1439 10 years
11 Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger 1439 1 June 1453 14 years, 151 days
Mehmed II

(1444–1446)

Murad II

(1446–1451)

Mehmed II

(1451–1481)

12 Zaganos Pasha 1453 1456 3 years
13 Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1st time) 1456 1468 12 years
14 Rum Mehmed Pasha 1468 1469 1 year
15 İshak Pasha (1st time) 1469 1472 3 years
13 Mahmud Pasha Angelović (2nd time) 1472 1474 2 years
16 Gedik Ahmed Pasha 1474 1477 3 years
17 Karamanlı Mehmed Pasha 1477 1481 4 years
15 İshak Pasha (2nd time) 1481 1482 1 year Bayezid II

(1481–1512)

18 Koca Davud Pasha 1482 1497 15 years
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1st time) 1497 1498 1 year
20 Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger 1498 1499 1 year
21 Mesih Pasha 1499 1501 2 years
22 Hadim Ali Pasha (1st time) 1501 1503 2 years
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (2nd time) 1503 1506 3 years
22 Hadim Ali Pasha (2nd time) 1506 1511 5 years
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (3rd time) 1511 1511 59 days
23 Koca Mustafa Pasha 1511 1512 1 year
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (4th time) 1512 28 November 1514 2 years, 331 days Selim I

(1512–1520)

24 Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha 18 December 1514 8 September 1515 264 days
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (5th time) 8 September 1515 26 April 1516 231 days
25 Hadım Sinan Pasha 26 April 1516 22 January 1517 271 days
26 Yunus Pasha 22 January 1517 13 September 1517 234 days
27 Piri Mehmed Pasha 25 January 1518 27 June 1523 5 years, 153 days
Suleiman I

(1520–1566)

28 Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 27 June 1523 14 March 1536 12 years, 261 days
29 Ayas Mehmed Pasha 14 March 1536 13 July 1539 3 years, 121 days
30 Çelebi Lütfi Pasha 13 July 1539 April 1541 1 year, 262 days
31 Hadim Süleyman Pasha April 1541 28 November 1544 3 years, 241 days
32 Damat Rüstem Pasha (1st time) 28 November 1544 6 October 1553 8 years, 312 days
33 Kara Ahmed Pasha 6 October 1553 29 September 1555 1 year, 358 days
32 Damat Rüstem Pasha (2nd time) 29 September 1555 10 July 1561 5 years, 284 days
34 Semiz Ali Pasha 10 July 1561 28 June 1565 3 years, 353 days
35 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha 28 June 1565 12 October 1579 14 years, 106 days
Selim II

(1566–1574)

Murad III

(1574–1595)

36 Şemsi Pasha 12 October 1579 28 April 1580 199 days
37 Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha 28 April 1580 7 August 1580 101 days
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (1st time) 7 August 1580 6 December 1582 2 years, 121 days
39 Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (1st time) 24 December 1582 25 July 1584 1 year, 214 days
40 Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha 28 July 1584 29 October 1585 1 year, 93 days
41 Hadim Mesih Pasha 1 November 1585 14 April 1586 164 days
39 Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (2nd time) 14 April 1586 2 April 1589 2 years, 353 days
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (2nd time) 14 April 1589 1 August 1591 2 years, 109 days
42 Serdar Ferhad Pasha (1st time) 1 August 1591 4 April 1592 247 days
39 Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (3rd time) 4 April 1592 28 January 1593 299 days
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (3rd time) 28 January 1593 16 February 1595 2 years, 19 days
Mehmed III

(1595–1603)

42 Serdar Ferhad Pasha (2nd time) 16 February 1595 7 July 1595 141 days
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (4th time) 7 July 1595 19 November 1595 135 days
43 Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha 19 November 1595 28 November 1595 9 days
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (5th time) 1 December 1595 3 April 1596 124 days
44 Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1st time) 4 April 1596 27 October 1596 206 days
45 (Cağaloğlu) Cağalazâde Yusuf Sinan Pasha 27 October 1596 5 December 1596 39 days
44 Damat Ibrahim Pasha (2nd time) 5 December 1596 3 November 1597 332 days
46 Hadim Hasan Pasha 3 November 1597 9 April 1598 157 days
47 Cerrah Mehmed Pasha 9 April 1598 6 January 1599 272 days
44 Damat Ibrahim Pasha (3rd time) 6 January 1599 10 July 1601 2 years, 185 days
48 Yemişçi Hasan Pasha 22 July 1601 4 October 1603 2 years, 74 days
49 Yavuz Ali Pasha 16 October 1603 26 July 1604 253 days Ahmed I

(1603–1617)

50 Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha 5 August 1604 21 June 1606 1 year, 320 days
51 Derviş Mehmed Pasha 21 June 1606 9 December 1606 171 days
52 Kuyucu Murad Pasha 11 December 1606 5 August 1611 4 years, 237 days
53 Gümülcineli Damat Nasuh Pasha 5 August 1611 17 October 1614 3 years, 73 days
54 Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 17 October 1614 17 November 1616 2 years, 31 days
55 Damat Halil Pasha (1st time) 17 November 1616 18 January 1619 2 years, 62 days
Mustafa I

(1617–1618)

Osman II

(1618–1622)

54 Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 18 January 1619 23 December 1619 339 days
56 Güzelce Ali Pasha 23 December 1619 9 March 1621 1 year, 76 days
57 Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha 9 March 1621 17 September 1621 192 days
58 Dilaver Pasha 17 September 1621 20 May 1622 245 days
Mustafa I

(1622–1623)

59 Kara Davud Pasha 20 May 1622 13 June 1622 24 days
60 Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1st time) 13 June 1622 8 July 1622 25 days
61 Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha 8 July 1622 21 September 1622 75 days
Murad VI

(1623–1640)

62 Hadim Mehmed Pasha (Hadım -'Eunuch'- Mehmed Pasha) 21 September 1622 5 February 1623 137 days
60 Mere Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time) 5 February 1623 30 August 1623 206 days
63 Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha 30 August 1623 3 April 1624 217 days
64 Çerkes Mehmed Pasha 3 April 1624 28 January 1625 300 days
65 Hafız Ahmed Pasha (1st time) 8 February 1625 1 December 1626 1 year, 296 days
55 Damat Halil Pasha (2nd time) 1 December 1626 6 April 1628 1 year, 127 days
66 Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha 6 April 1628 25 October 1631 3 years, 202 days
65 Hafız Ahmed Pasha (2nd time) 25 October 1631 10 February 1632 108 days
67 Topal Recep Pasha 10 February 1632 18 May 1632 98 days
68 Tabanıyassi Mehmed Pasha 18 May 1632 2 February 1637 4 years, 260 days
69 Bayram Pasha 2 February 1637 26 August 1638 1 year, 205 days
70 Tayyar Mehmed Pasha 27 August 1638 24 December 1638 119 days
71 Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha 23 December 1638 31 January 1644 5 years, 39 days
Ibrahim

(1640–1648)

72 Civan Kapucubaşı Sultanzade Mehmet Pasha 31 January 1644 17 December 1645 1 year, 320 days
73 Nevesinli Salih Pasha 17 December 1645 16 September 1647 1 year, 273 days
74 Kara Musa Pasha 16 September 1647 21 September 1647 5 days
75 Hezarpare Ahmet Pasha 21 September 1647 8 August 1648 322 days
76 Sofu (Mevlevi) Mehmed Pasha 8 August 1648 21 May 1649 286 days Mehmed IV

(1648–1687)

77 Kara (Dev) Murat Pasha (1st time) 21 May 1649 5 August 1651 2 years, 76 days
78 Melek Ahmed Pasha 5 August 1651 21 August 1651 16 days
79 Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I (1st time) 21 August 1651 27 September 1651 37 days
80 Gürcü Mehmed Pasha 27 September 1651 20 June 1652 267 days
81 Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha 20 June 1652 21 March 1653 274 days
82 Koca Dervish Mehmed Pasha 21 March 1653 28 October 1654 1 year, 221 days
83 İpşiri Mustafa Pasha 28 October 1654 11 May 1655 195 days
77 Kara Murat Pasha (2nd time) 11 May 1655 19 August 1655 100 days
84 Ermeni Suleyman Pasha 19 August 1655 28 February 1656 193 days
85 Deli Gazi Hüseyin Pasha 28 February 1656 5 March 1656 6 days
86 Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha 5 March 1656 5 March 1656 4 hours
79 Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I (2nd time) 5 March 1656 25 April 1656 51 days
87 Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha 26 April 1656 15 September 1656 142 days
88 Köprülü Mehmed Pasha 15 September 1656 31 October 1661 5 years, 46 days
89 Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha 31 October 1661 19 October 1676 14 years, 354 days
90 Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha 19 October 1676 25 December 1683 7 years, 67 days
91 Kara İbrahim Pasha 15 December 1683 18 November 1685 1 year, 338 days
92 Sarı Süleyman Pasha 18 November 1685 18 September 1687 3 years, 304 days
93 Abaza Siyavuş Pasha 18 September 1687 23 February 1688 158 days
Suleiman II

(1687–1691)

94 Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha 23 February 1688 2 May 1688 69 days
95 Bekri Mustafa Pasha 30 May 1688 7 November 1689 1 year, 161 days
96 Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha 10 November 1689 19 August 1691 1 year, 282 days
Ahmed II

(1691–1695)

97 Arabacı Ali Pasha 24 August 1691 21 March 1692 210 days
98 Merfizonlu Hacı Ali Pasha 23 March 1692 17 March 1693 359 days
99 Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha 17 March 1693 13 March 1694 360 days
100 Sürmeli Ali Pasha 13 March 1694 22 April 1695 359 days
Mustafa II

(1695–1703)

101 Elmas Mehmed Pasha 3 May 1695 11 September 1697 2 years, 131 days
102 Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha 17 September 1697 4 September 1702 4 years, 352 days
103 Daltaban Mustafa Pasha 4 September 1702 24 January 1703 142 days
104 Rami Mehmed Pasha 25 January 1703 22 August 1703 209 days
105 Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha 22 August 1703 16 November 1703 86 days Ahmed III

(1703–1730)

106 Damat Hasan Pasha 18 November 1703 28 September 1704 315 days
107 Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha October 1704 25 December 1704 85 days
108 Teberdar/Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 25 December 1704 3 May 1706 1 year, 129 days
109 Çorlulu Damat Ali Pasha 3 May 1706 15 June 1710 4 years, 43 days
110 Köprülü Numan Pasha 16 June 1710 17 August 1710 62 days
108 Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 18 August 1710 20 November 1711 1 year, 94 days
111 Ağa Yusuf Pasha 20 November 1711 11 November 1712 357 days
112 Nişancı Süleyman Pasha 12 November 1712 6 April 1713 145 days
113 Hoca Ibrahim Pasha 6 April 1713 7 April 1713 1 day
114 Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha 27 April 1713 5 August 1716 3 years, 100 days
115 Hacı Halil Pasha 21 August 1716 26 August 1717 1 year, 5 days
116 Nişancı Mehmed Pasha 26 August 1717 9 May 1718 256 days
117 Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha 9 May 1718 16 October 1730 12 years, 160 days
Mahmud I

(1730–1754)

118 Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha 16 October 1730 23 January 1731 99 days
119 Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha 23 January 1731 11 September 1731 231 days
120 Topal Osman Pasha 21 September 1731 12 March 1732 173 days
121 Hekimbaşızâde/Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1st time) 12 March 1732 14 July 1735 3 years, 124 days
122 Gürcü İsmail Pasha 14 July 1735 25 December 1735 164 days
123 Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha 10 January 1736 5 August 1737 1 year, 207 days
124 Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha 22 August 1737 19 December 1737 119 days
125 Yeğen Mehmed Pasha 3 December 1737 23 March 1739 1 year, 110 days
126 İvaz Mehmed Pasha 17 March 1739 23 June 1740 1 year, 98 days
127 Nişancı Hacı Ahmed Pasha 22 July 1740 7 April 1742 2 years, 259 days
121 Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (2nd time) 21 April 1742 4 October 1742 166 days
128 Seyyid Hasan Pasha 4 October 1742 10 August 1746 3 years, 310 days
129 Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha 11 August 1746 24 August 1747 1 year, 13 days
130 Seyyid Abdullah Pasha 24 August 1747 2 January 1750 2 years, 131 days
131 Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha 9 January 1750 1 July 1752 2 years, 174 days
132 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1st time) 1 July 1752 16 February 1755 2 years, 230 days
Osman III
(1754–1757)
121 Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (3rd time) 16 February 1755 19 May 1755 92 days
133 Naili Abdullah Pasha 19 May 1755 24 August 1755 97 days
134 Silahdar Bıyıklı Nişancı Ali Pasha 24 August 1755 23 October 1755 60 days
135 Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha 25 October 1755 1 April 1756 159 days
132 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (2nd time) 30 April 1756 3 December 1756 217 days
136 Koca Ragıp Pasha 12 January 1757 8 April 1763 6 years, 86 days
Mustafa III

(1757–1774)

137 Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha 11 April 1763 29 September 1763 171 days
132 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (3rd time) 29 September 1763 30 March 1765 1 year, 213 days
138 Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 30 March 1765 7 August 1768 3 years, 130 days
139 Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha 7 August 1768 20 October 1768 74 days
140 Yağlıkçızade Mehmed Emin Pasha 20 October 1768 12 August 1769 296 days
141 Moldovancı Ali Pasha 12 August 1769 12 December 1769 122 days
142 Ivazzade Halil Pasha 13 December 1769 25 December 1770 1 year, 12 days
143 Silahdar Mehmed Pasha 25 December 1770 11 December 1771 351 days
138 Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 11 December 1771 6 August 1774 2 years, 238 days
Abdul Hamid I

(1774–1789)

144 Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 11 August 1774 7 July 1775 330 days
145 Moralı Dervish Mehmed Pasha 7 July 1775 5 January 1777 1 year, 182 days
146 Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha 5 January 1777 1 September 1778 1 year, 239 days
147 Kalafat Mehmed Pasha 1 September 1778 22 August 1779 355 days
148 Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha 22 August 1779 20 February 1781 1 year, 182 days
144 Izzet Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 20 February 1781 25 August 1782 1 year, 186 days
149 Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha 25 August 1782 31 December 1782 128 days
150 Halil Hamid Pasha 31 December 1782 30 April 1785 2 years, 120 days
151 Şahin Ali Pasha 30 April 1785 25 January 1786 270 days
152 Koca Yusuf Pasha (1st time) 25 January 1786 28 May 1789 3 years, 123 days
Selim III

(1789–1807)

153 Cenaze (Meyyit) Hasan Pasha 28 May 1789 2 January 1790 219 days
154 Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 2 January 1790 30 March 1790 87 days
155 Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha 16 April 1790 12 February 1791 302 days
152 Koca Yusuf Pasha (2nd time) 12 February 1791 1792 323 days
156 Damat Melek Mehmed Pasha 1792 21 October 1794 2 years, 293 days
157 Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha 21 October 1794 23 October 1798 4 years, 2 days
158 Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1st time) 23 October 1798 24 June 1805 6 years, 244 days
159 Bostancıbaşı Hafız İsmail Pasha 24 September 1805 13 October 1806 1 year, 19 days
160 Keçiboynuzu İbrahim Hilmi Pasha 13 October 1806 3 June 1807 233 days
Mustafa IV

(1807–1808)

161 Çelebi Mustafa Pasha 3 June 1807 29 July 1808 1 year, 56 days
Mahmud II

(1808–1839)

162 Alemdar (Bayrakdar) Mustafa Pasha 29 July 1808 15 November 1808 109 days
163 Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha 16 November 1808 December 1808 15 days
164 Çarhacı Ali Pasha December 1808 March 1809 90 days
158 Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (2nd time) March 1809 February 1811 1 year, 337 days
165 Laz Ahmed Pasha February 1811 July 1812 1 year, 151 days
166 Hurşit Ahmed Pasha July 1812 30 March 1815 2 years, 272 days
167 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1st time) 30 March 1815 6 January 1818 2 years, 282 days
168 Burdurlu Dervish Mehmed Pasha 6 January 1818 5 January 1820 1 year, 364 days
169 Seyyid Ali Pasha 5 January 1820 21 April 1821 1 year, 106 days
170 Benderli Ali Pasha 21 April 1821 30 April 1821 9 days
171 Izmirli Hacı Salih Pasha 30 April 1821 11 November 1822 1 year, 195 days
172 Bostancıbaşı Deli Abdullah Pasha 11 November 1822 4 March 1823 113 days
173 Turnacızade Silahdar Ali Pasha 4 March 1823 13 December 1823 284 days
174 Mehmed Said Galip Pasha 13 December 1823 15 September 1824 277 days
175 "Benderli" Mehmed Selim Pasha 15 September 1824 26 October 1828 4 years, 41 days
176 Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 26 October 1828 28 January 1829 94 days
177 Reşid Mehmed Pasha 28 January 1829 17 February 1833 4 years, 20 days
167 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (2nd time) 17 February 1833 8 July 1839 6 years, 141 days
Abdul Mecid I

(1839–1861)

178 Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 8 July 1839 29 May 1841 1 year, 325 days
167 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (3rd time) 29 May 1841 7 October 1841 131 days
176 Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 7 October 1841 3 September 1842 331 days
167 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (4th time) 3 September 1842 31 July 1846 3 years, 331 days
179 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1st time) 31 July 1846 28 April 1848 1 year, 272 days
180 İbrahim Sarim Pasha 28 April 1848 13 August 1848 107 days
179 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (2nd time) 13 August 1848 27 January 1852 3 years, 167 days
167 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (5th time) 27 January 1852 7 March 1852 40 days
179 Koca Mustafa Reşit Pasha (3rd time) 7 March 1852 7 August 1852 153 days
181 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1st time) 7 August 1852 4 October 1852 58 days
182 Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha 4 October 1852 14 May 1853 222 days
183 Mustafa Naili Pasha (1st time) 14 May 1853 30 May 1854 1 year, 16 days
184 Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1st time) 30 May 1854 24 November 1854 178 days
179 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (4th time) 24 November 1854 4 May 1855 161 days
181 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (2nd time) 4 May 1855 1 December 1856 1 year, 211 days
179 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (5th time) 1 December 1856 2 August 1857 244 days
183 Mustafa Naili Pasha (2nd time) 2 August 1857 23 October 1857 82 days
179 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (6th time) 23 October 1857 7 January 1858 76 days
181 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (3rd time) 11 January 1858 8 October 1859 1 year, 270 days
184 Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (2nd time) 8 October 1859 24 December 1859 77 days
185 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1st time) 24 December 1859 27 May 1860 155 days
184 Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (3rd time) 27 May 1860 6 August 1861 1 year, 71 days
Abdul Aziz

(1861–1876)

181 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (4th time) 6 August 1861 22 November 1861 108 days
186 Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1st time) 22 November 1861 6 January 1863 1 year, 45 days
187 Yusuf Kamil Pasha 6 January 1863 3 June 1863 148 days
186 Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (2nd time) 3 June 1863 5 June 1866 3 years, 2 days
185 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (2nd time) 5 June 1866 11 February 1867 251 days
181 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (5th time) 11 February 1867 7 September 1871 4 years, 208 days
188 Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1st time) 7 September 1871 31 July 1872 328 days
189 Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (1st time) 31 July 1872 19 October 1872 80 days
185 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (3rd time) 19 October 1872 15 February 1873 119 days
190 Ahmed Esat Pasha (1st time) 15 February 1873 15 April 1873 59 days
191 Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha 15 April 1873 14 February 1874 305 days
192 Hüseyin Avni Pasha 14 February 1874 25 April 1875 1 year, 70 days
190 Ahmed Esat Pasha (2nd time) 25 April 1875 21 August 1875 118 days
188 Mahmud Nedim Pasha (2nd time) 21 August 1875 11 May 1876 264 days
Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (4th time) 12 May 1876 19 December 1876 221 days
185 Murad V

(1876)

Abdul Hamid II

(1876–1909)

Promulgation of Constitution

First Constitutional Monarchy (1876–1878)
Grand Vizier Term of office Political Party Legislature Sultan
Took office Left office Time in office
185 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (4th time) 12 May 1876 19 December 1876 221 days Independent (-) Abdul Hamid II

(1876–1909)

189 Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (2nd time) 19 December 1876 5 February 1877 48 days Independent (-)
193 İbrahim Edhem Pasha 5 February 1877 11 January 1878 340 days Independent I

(1876)

II

(1877)

194 Ahmed Hamdi Pasha 11 January 1878 4 February 1878 24 days Independent
195 Ahmed Vefik Pasha 4 February 1878 18 April 1878 73 days Independent
Constitution suspended

İstidbat (1878–1908)
Grand Vizier Term of office Sultan
Took office Left office Time in office
195 Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1st time) 4 February 1878 18 April 1878 73 days Abdul Hamid II

(1876–1909)

196 Mehmed Sadık Pasha 18 April 1878 28 May 1878 40 days
185 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (5th time) 28 May 1878 4 June 1878 7 days
197 Saffet Pasha 4 June 1878 October 1878 119 days
198 Tunuslu Hayreddin Pasha October 1878 28 July 1879 300 days
199 Ahmed Arifi Pasha 28 July 1879 September 1879 35 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (1st time) 18 October 1879 9 June 1880 235 days
201 Kadri Pasha 9 June 1880 12 September 1880 95 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (2nd time) 12 September 1880 2 May 1882 1 year, 232 days
202 Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha 2 May 1882 12 July 1882 71 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (3rd time) 12 July 1882 30 November 1882 141 days
195 Ahmed Vefik Pasha (2nd time) 1 December 1882 3 December 1882 2 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (4th time) 3 December 1882 24 September 1885 2 years, 295 days
202 Kâmil Pasha (1st time) 25 September 1885 4 September 1891 5 years, 344 days
203 Ahmed Cevat Şakir Pasha 4 September 1891 8 June 1895 3 years, 277 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (5th time) 9 June 1895 3 October 1895 116 days
202 Kâmil Pasha (2nd time) 3 October 1895 7 November 1895 35 days
204 Halil Rifat Pasha 7 November 1895 9 November 1901 6 years, 2 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (6th time) 13 November 1901 15 January 1903 1 year, 63 days
205 Mehmed Ferid Pasha 15 January 1903 22 July 1908 5 years, 189 days
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (7th time) 22 July 1908 6 August 1908 15 days
Young Turk Revolution

Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908–1920)
Grand Vizier Term of office Political Party Legislature Sultan
Took office Left office Time in office
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (7th time) 22 July 1908 6 August 1908 15 days Independent (-) Abdul Hamid II

(1876–1909)

202 Kâmil Pasha (3rd time) 5 August 1908 14 February 1909 193 days Independent
III

(1908)

206 Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1st time) 14 February 1909 14 April 1909 59 days Independent
207 Ahmet Tevfik (Okday) Pasha (1st time) 14 April 1909 5 May 1909 21 days Independent
Mehmed V

(1909–1918)

206 Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (2nd time) 5 May 1909 12 January 1910 252 days Independent
208 İbrahim Hakkı Pasha 12 January 1910 30 September 1911 1 year, 261 days Independent
200 Mehmed Said Pasha (8th time) 30 September 1911 22 July 1912 296 days Independent
IV

(1912)

209 Ahmed Muhtar Pasha 22 July 1912 29 October 1912 99 days Independent
(-)
202 Kâmil Pasha (4th time) 29 October 1912 23 January 1913 86 days Freedom and Accord Party
210 Mahmud Shevket Pasha 23 January 1913 11 June 1913 139 days Independent
211 Said Halim Pasha 12 June 1913 4 February 1917 3 years, 237 days Union and Progress Party
V

(1914)

212 Mehmed Talat Pasha 4 February 1917 14 October 1918 1 year, 252 days Union and Progress Party
Mehmed VI

(1918–1922)

213 Ahmed İzzet (Furgaç) Pasha 14 October 1918 11 November 1918 28 days Independent
207 Ahmet Tevfik (Okday) Pasha (2nd time) 11 November 1918 4 March 1919 113 days Independent
(-)
214 Damat Ferid Pasha (1st time) 4 March 1919 2 October 1919 212 days Freedom and Accord Party
215 Ali Rıza Pasha 2 October 1919 8 March 1920 158 days Independent
VI

(1919)

216 Salih Hulusi (Kezrak) Pasha 8 March 1920 5 April 1920 28 days Independent
Constitution suspended

Last Grand Viziers (1920–1922)
Grand Vizier Term of office Sultan
Took office Left office Time in office
216 Salih Hulusi (Kezrak) Pasha 8 March 1920 5 April 1920 28 days Mehmed VI

(1918–1922)

214 Damat Ferid Pasha (2nd time) 5 April 1920 21 October 1920 199 days
207 Ahmet Tevfik (Okday) Pasha (3rd time) 21 October 1920 4 November 1922 2 years, 14 days
End of the Ottoman Empire

Prime Minister of the Government of the Grand National Assembly (1920–1923)
Prime Minister Term of office Political party Cabinet Legislature Speaker(Term)
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Pasha 3 May 1920 24 January 1921 266 days Independent 1 Atatürk I

(1920)

 Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Pasha

(1920–1923)

2 Mustafa Fevzi (Çakmak) Pasha 24 January 1921 19 May 1921 1 year, 166 days Independent 2 Çakmak I
19 May 1921 9 July 1922 3 Çakmak II
3 Hüseyin Rauf (Orbay) 12 July 1922 4 August 1923 1 year, 23 days Independent 4 Orbay
4 Ali Fethi (Okyar) 14 August 1923 27 October 1923 74 days Independent 5 Okyar
Declaration of the Republic of Turkey

See also

References
  1. Archivum Ottomanicum, p. 240, at Google Books
  2. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, p. 235, at Google Books

Sources
  • Aktaş, Necati; Kaplan, Mustafa (2003). Osmanlı fermanları. Osmanlı Arşivi. ISBN 9789751934925.
  • Dânişmend, İsmail Hâmi (1971). Osmanlı devlet erkânı: Sadr-ı-a'zamlar (vezir-i-a'zamlar), şeyh-ül-islâmlar, kapdan-ı-deryalar, baş-defterdarlar, reı̂s-ül-küttablar. Türkiye Yayınevi.
  • Imber, Colin (2009). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-01406-1.
  • Necipoğlu, Gülru (2005). The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-253-9.
  • Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6606-5.
  • Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı; Karal, Enver Ziya (1954). Osmanlı tarihi: cilt. Uzunçarşılı, İ.H. 1. kısım. II. Selim'in tahta çıkışından 1699 Karlofça andlaşmasına kadar (1973) 2. kısım. XVI. yüzyıl ortalarından XVII. yüzyıl sonuna kadar (1954). Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Yücel, Yaşar (1992). Türkiye tarihi (IV.): Osmanli dönemi. Türk Tarih Kurumu. ISBN 978-975-16-0257-2.
  • Yücel, Yaşar (1991). Türkiye tarihi (II.). Istanbul.
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