List of Tamil monarchs

This is a list of Tamil-speaking monarchs, who ruled in Tamilakam and Sri Lanka and parts of south east Asia. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.[1]

Tamil royal titles

Perun-Ko, Perarasan, Irai, Iraivan (emperor)
Perarasi (empress)
Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan or Araiyan (king)
Arasi (queen)
Ilavarasi or Piratti (Princess)
Ilam-Ko or Ilavarasan (prince)
Kuru-nila Mannan or Chitarasan (petty king)
Chitarasi (petty queen)
Antavan (ruler)

Three Crowned Kings

Tamilakam in the 'Sangam Period.

Pandyan Kingdom

Early Pandyans (6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)

Koon Pandiyan
Nedunjeliyan I (he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi)
Pudappandiyan
Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
Nedunjeliyan II
Nanmaran
Nedunjeliyan III
Maran Vazhudhi
Kadalan Vazhudhi
Mutriya Chezhiyan
Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi

Medieval Pandyans (6th – 10th centuries CE)

Kadungon (590–620 CE)
Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620-645 CE)
Jayantavarman (c. 645-670 CE)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710 CE-735 CE)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
Rasasingan II (790–800)
Varagunan I (800–830)
Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
Varagunavarman II (862–880)
Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

Pandyans under Chola empire (10th – 13th centuries)

Sundara Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan II
Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
Jatavarman Chola Pandya
Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
Kulasekara Pandyan III
Vira Pandyan III
Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)

Later Pandyans (13th – 14th centuries)

Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

Tenkasi Pandyans (15th – 17th centuries)

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan 1422–1463
Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan 1429–1473
Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan 1473–1506
Kulasekara Pandyan 1479–1499
Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan 1534–1543
Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan 1543–1552
Nelveli Maran 1552–1564
Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan 1564–1604
Varathunga Pandyan 1588–1612
Varakunarama Pandyan 1613–1618
Kollankondan ?–?

Chola Empire (c. 300 BCE–1280 CE)

A bronze statue of Karikalan.

A sculpture of Rajaraja Chola I.

Legendary Cholas

Legendary early Chola kings

Early Cholas (c. 300 BCE –850 CE)

Imperial Cholas (850–1279 CE)

Vijayalaya Chola 850-871
Aditya Chola I 871–907
Parantaka Chola I 907–955
Gandaraditya Chola 955–962
Arinjaya Chola 962–963
Sundara Chola 963–980
Uttama Chola 971–987
Rajaraja Chola I 985–1014
Rajendra Chola I 1012–1044
Rajadhiraja Chola 1018–1054
Rajendra Chola II 1051–1063
Virarajendra Chola 1063–1070
Athirajendra Chola 1067–1070
Kulothunga Chola I 1070–1120
Vikrama Chola 1118–1136
Kulothunga Chola II 1133–1150
Rajaraja Chola II 1146–1173
Rajadhiraja Chola II 1163–1178
Kulothunga Chola III 1178–1218
Rajaraja Chola III 1216–1256
Rajendra Chola III 1246–1279

Later Cholas (16th Century)

Virasekhara Chola

(early 16th century, opponent of Nagama Nayak) VASANTH k 1660 sect is tha latest king

Chera Kingdom

A Chera coin with legend "Makkotai"

A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kotai"

Early Cheras

Uthiyan Cheral Athan
Nedum Cheral Athan
Palyani Sel Kelu Kuttuvan
Narmudi Cheral
Vel Kelu Kuttuvan (Senguttuvan Chera)
Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan
Selva Kadumko Valia Athan
Anthuvan Cheral
Perum Cheral Irumporai
Illam Cheral Irumporai
Mantharan Cheral Irumporai
Kanaikkal Irumporai

From inscriptions

Ko Athan Cheral Irumporai
Perum Kadungo Irumporai
Ilam Kadungo Irumporai
Kadummi Pudha Chera

From inscribed coins

Mak-kothai
Kuttuvan Kothai
Kollippurai/Kollippurai
Kol Irumporai
Sa Irumporai

Kongu Cheras/Keralas (Karur)

Ravi Kotha
Kantan Ravi
Vira Kotha
Vira Narayana
Vira Chola
Vira Kerala
Amara Bhujanga Deva
Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva

Kodungallur Cheras (the Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas)

Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (844–870 CE)
- Kulasekhara Alvar/Kulasekhara Varma
Rama Rajasekhara (870–883 CE)
- Cheraman Perumal Nayanar
Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
Kotha Ravi (905–943 CE)
Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
Rama Kulasekhara (1089–1122 CE)

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas)

Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
Kotha Varman Marthandam (1102–1125)
Vira Kerala Varman I (1125–1145)
Kodai Kerala Varman (1145–1150)
Vira Ravi Varman (1145–1150)
Vira Kerala Varman II (1164–1167)
Vira Aditya Varman (1167–1173)
Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1173–1192)
Devadaram Vira Kerala Varman III (1192–1195)
Vira Manikantha Rama Varman Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
Vira Rama Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
Vira Ravi Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
Ravi Varma (1299–1313)
Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1313–1333)
Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
Vira Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1366–1382)
Vira Ravi Varman (1383–1416)
Vira Ravi Ravi Varman (1416–1417)
Vira Kerala Martanda Varman (1383)
Chera Udaya Martanda Varman (1383–1444)
Vira Ravi Varman (1444–1458)
Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1458–1468)
Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varman (1468–1484
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
Vira Ravi Kerala Varman, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528)

Vasanth kulam kathan,sunthar sageer (1535-1560)

Pallava Empire (c. 275–897 CE)

A Pallava coin with lion insigne of Narasimhavarman I.

Early Pallavas

Virakurcha (275–300), founder of dynasty
Simha Varman I, Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra
Siva Skanda Varman I (300–325)
Buddhavarman (325–340)
Vishnugopavarman (340–350)

Middle Pallavas

Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)
Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)
Vira Varman (c. 380-400)
Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)
Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)
Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa, Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra
Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)
Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)
Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
Buddha Varman (c. 510–525)
Kumaravisnu III (c. 525–545)

Later Pallavas

Simha Varman III (c. 545–554)
Simhavishnu (554–590)
Mahendravarman I (590–630)
Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
Mahendravarman II (668–669)
Paramesvaravarman I (669–691)
Narasimhavarman II (Raja Simha) (691–728)
Paramesvaravarman II (728–731)
Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) (731–796)
Dantivarman (775–825)
Nandivarman III (825–869)
Nirupathungan (869–882)
Aparajitavarman (882–897), last Pallava ruler

Ay Kingdom

Ay chieftains (early historic)

Ay Andiran
Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)
Ay Atiyan

Medieval Ay kings

Chadayan Karunanthan
Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884–911 CE)

Mushika Kingdom

Early rulers

Ezhimala Nannan

Medieval rulers

Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 CE)
Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 CE)
Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 CE)
Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century CE)

Jaffna Kingdom (Aryacakravarti) (c. 1277–1619 CE)

Image of Singai Parasasekaran, his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and Cankili I

Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan (1277–1284)
Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
Cankili I (1519–1561)
Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
Periyapillai (1565–1582)
Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619)[2]

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (c. 1975–2009 CE)

Velupillai Prabakaran (1975–2009)

Telugu Nayak Kingdoms (c. 1509–1815 CE)

Nayaks Kingdom of Gingee (c. 1509–1649 CE)

Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521), first ruler
Chennappa Nayaka
Gangama Nayaka
Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
Varadappa Nayaka
Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
Venkata Perumal Naidu
Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649), last ruler

Madurai Nayak Kingdom (c. 1529–1736 CE)

Nagama Nayaka, first ruler
Viswanatha Nayaka
Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
Mangammal (1689–1704)
Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736), last ruler

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)

Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580), first ruler
Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673), last ruler

Kandy Nayakar Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)

Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (reigned 1739–1747), first ruler
Kirti Sri Rajasinha
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, last ruler

Kingdom of Ramnad (c. 1601–1949 CE)

List of Sethupathi rulers

Chieftains With the Madurai Nayaks (c. 1601–1677)

Udaiyan Sethupathi (Sadaikkan) (1601–1623)
Koottan Sethupathi (1623–1635)
Dalavai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1635–1645)
Thirumalai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1646–1676)
Raja Suriya Sethupathi (1676)
Aathana Raghunatha Sethupathi (1677)

Imperial rulers (c. 1678–1795 CE)

Raghunatha Kilavan Sethupathi (1678–1710)
Muthu Vairavanatha Sethupathi I (1710–1712)
Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1713-1725)
Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1725)
Bavani Sangara Sethupathi (1725–1727)
Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1735)
Sivakumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1735–1747)
Rakka Thevar Sethupathi (1748)
Sella Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1749–1762)
Muthuramalinga Vijaya Ragunatha Sethupathi I (1762–1772 or 1781–1795)

As king

Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1803)

As Zamindars

Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1803–1807)
Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830–1846)
Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II (1862–1873)
Court of Wards (1873–1889)
Bhaskara Sethupathy (1889–1903)
Dinakara Sethupathy
Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi (1903–1929)
Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi (1929–1949)

Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE)

Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730), first ruler
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–December 1789)
Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler

Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE)

Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), first ruler
Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)
Vellacci (1790–1793)[3]
Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last ruler

Zamindar under British rule (1803–1947)

Velir Monarches

Palaiyakkarar Monarches

Other Tamil Kingdoms

Emperor Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar (aka Suvaran Maran) of Mutharaiyar dynasty
Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte (aka Chempaha Perumal)
Kadava dynasty
Alagakkonara
Sambuvaraya
Pandara Vanniyan of Vanni Nadu
Akkarayan
Magadai Mandalam
Valvil Ori
Sena and Guttika
The Five Dravidians
The Six Dravidians
Valai Vannan (A Nakar king, who was mentioned in Manimekalai).
Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan was a vassal and brother-in-law of Rajaraja Chola I.

References

Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146
"genealogy of the royal house of jaffna".
K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720

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[1] Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146

[2] "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna".

[3] K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720