List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire

List of parties in Ottoman Empire gives an overview of political parties in Ottoman Empire.

It is not limited to parties that won representation in the Chamber of Deputies (the popularly elected lower house of the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman parliament). Although the First Constitutional Era established the parliament in 1876 through the constitution, it was short-lived and did not involve political parties. The declaration of the Second Constitutional Era in 1908 was the first time political parties were allowed participation in the Ottoman government.

Committee of Union and Progress
Jewish workers march in Salonica (Socialist Workers' Federation)

The two major parties were:

Other general parties included:

  • Renewal Party (Teceddüt Fırkası; 1918–19, continuation of the Committee of Union and Progress)
  • Ottoman Liberal People's Party (Osmanlı Hürriyetperver Avam Fırkası, 1918–20, continuation of the Committee of Union and Progress)
  • People's Economy Party (Ahali İktisat Fırkası, 1918)
  • Ottoman Salvation Party (Selamet-i Osmaniye Fırkası, 1918)
  • Social Democrat Party (Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası; 1918-19)
  • National Liberty Party (Millî Ahrar Fırkası, 1919)
  • Turkish Workers and Peasants Socialist Party (Türkiye İşçi ve Çiftçi Sosyalist Fırkası; 1919–20)
  • National Turk Party (Milli Türk Fırkası, 1919)
  • Ottoman Working Party (Osmanlı Mesai Fırkası, 1919)
  • Ottoman Farmers Association Party (Osmanlı Çiftçiler Cemiyeti Fırkası, 1919)
  • Turkish Socialist Party (Türkiye Sosyalist Fırkası; 1919-22)
  • Labour Party (Amele Fırkası, 1920)
  • Communist Party of Turkey (Türkiye Komünist Partisi, 1920)
  • Turkish People's Affiliation Party (Türkiye Halk İştirakiyun Fırkası, 1920)
  • Turkish Agriculture Party (Türkiye Zürra Fırkası, 1920)
  • Turkish Communist Party (Türkiye Komünist Fırkası, 1920)
  • Independent Socialist Party (Müstakil Sosyalist Fırkası, 1922)

Ethnic parties included:


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