Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, Üsküdar

The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Iskele Mosque, Jetty Mosque, Üsküdar Quay Mosque, Turkish: Mihrimah Sultan Camii, İskele Camii) is a 16th century Ottoman mosque located in the historic center of the Üsküdar district of Istanbul, Turkey. The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is one of Üsküdar's best-known landmarks and takes its nicknames from the ferry landing near which it stands.

For the mosque in the Edirnekapı district of Istanbul, see Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı).
Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
Religion
AffiliationSunni Islam
Location
LocationIstanbul, Turkey
Shown within Istanbul
Geographic coordinates41°01′36″N 29°00′58″E
Architecture
Architect(s)Mimar Sinan
TypeMosque
Groundbreakingc. 1543-44
Completed1548
Specifications
Dome height (outer)24.2 m (79 ft)
Dome dia. (outer)11.4 m (37 ft)
Minaret(s)2
Materialsashlar
Cross section and plan, Cornelius Gurlitt, 1912

History

The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Üsküdar has the smaller dome and is the earlier of the two Friday mosques in Istanbul commissioned by Mihrimah Sultan, daughter of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and wife of Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and built between 1543-44 and 1548.[1]

Architecture

It is a massive structure on a raised platform and already shows several hallmarks of Sinan's mature style: a spacious, high-vaulted basement, slender minarets, a single-domed baldacchino flanked by three semi-domes ending in three exedrae and a broad double portico.

Mimar Sinan

Mimar Sinan was the chief imperial architect to multiple sultans, the construction of this mosque set the aesthetic techniques for his later developments. The half domes and attention to small ornamental design became his signature style, making the architect easily recognizable. The housing of two very slender minarets, minbar, and ablution fountain makes it directly correlate to Islamic Architecture.

Dome

Sinan constructed numerous unique structures and experimented throughout his designs. One notable feature that remained the same was the central dome, purposefully done to be the primary focus next to the suspended curved arches and piers. [2] Additionally, the use of pendentives were deployed in the building to help in the construction of the dome, as it does not sit on the walls. [3] The open interior of this Ottoman mosque is nondirectional much similar to that of byzantine Churches and early domed buildings of the Romans.[4]

Women as Architectural Patrons

Social and cultural aspects restricted royal sultan women from public nature; with the ability to inherit property, architecture became prominent in showcasing royal status to their subjects.[5]

Materials Used

The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque exterior is composed of ashlar, a thin dressed stone of gray to cream color. While its interior houses imported craved marble that surrounds its walls and minbar.[6]

Islamic Calligraphy in the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
Muqarnas on top of the Mihrab inside the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
Flower mosaics displayed on the windows of the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
Islamic Calligraphy at the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque


  • Üsküdar Mihrimah Sultan İskele Mosque
  • Ablution fountain
  • The frontal view
  • Mosque detail
  • Interior view of the dome
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar from hill behind
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar from the west
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar son cemaat area
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar with ablutions fountain
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar son cemaat part
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar from graveyard
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar dome
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar domes
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar minber and mihrab
  • Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Uskudar window
  • Endowment Deed of Mihrimah Sultan. This document concerns the endowment of properties in Anatolia and Rumelia, from which revenues were to be used to meet the expenses of the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque. April-March 1550. Sadberk Hanım Museum
Mihrimah Sultan

See also


References
  1. Necipoğlu 2005, p. 301.
  2. Erarslan, Alev. "An essay on Byzantine architectural influence on the spatial organization of the Architect Sinan's square baldachin single-domed mosques" (PDF): 167. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Kuran, Aptullah. The Mosques In Early Ottoman Architecture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. p. 60.
  4. Gebhard, D. "The problem of space in the ottoman mosque". ProQuest 1296200159. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Thys-Senocak, Lucienne. Ottoman Women Builders. Koc University, Turkey. p. 55.
  6. Rogers, J. M. (1982). "The State and the Arts in Ottoman Turkey Part 1. The Stones of Suleymaniye". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 14 (1): 71–86. doi:10.1017/S0020743800026593. JSTOR 163335.


Sources
  • Necipoğlu, Gülru (2005). The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-253-9.
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