Siberian Turkic languages

Siberian Turkic
Siberian Turkic
Northeastern Turkic
Geographic; distribution	Siberia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Siberian Turkic; ;
Early form	Old Turkic
Subdivisions	North; South;
Glottolog	nort2688 (North); sout2693 (South)
	Map showing the geographic distribution of the ten Siberian Turkic languages

The Siberian Turkic or Northeastern Common Turkic languages, are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family. The following table is based upon the classification scheme presented by Lars Johanson (1998).[1]

[2]

Siberian Turkic languages by native speakers

The Turkic languages are a language family of at least 35[3] documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples. The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:[4][5]

Number	Name	Status	Native Speakers	Main Country
1	Yakut language	Vulnerable	400,000	Russia
2	Tuvan language	Vulnerable	300,000	Russia
3	Southern Altai language	Severely endangered	60,000	Russia
4	Khakas language	Definitely endangered	50,000	Russia
3	Northern Altai language[2]	Critically endangered	<5,000	Russia
5	Western Yugur language	Severely endangered	5,000	China
6	Shor language	Severely endangered	3,000	Russia
7	Kumandin language[6][7]	Critically endangered	2,000	Russia
8	Teleut language[8]	Critically endangered	2,000	Russia
8	Chelkan language[9]	Severely endangered	1,000	Russia
10	Dolgan language	Definitely endangered	1,000	Russia
5	Fuyu Kyrgyz language	Critically endangered	600(?)	China
11	Tofa language	Critically endangered	100	Russia
12	Chulym language	Critically endangered	50	Russia
13	Soyot language	Extinct, partly revitalized[10]		Russia
Total	Siberian Turkic languages	Vulnerable	800,000	Russia

Classification

Proto-Turkic	Common Turkic	Northeastern Common Turkic (Siberian)	North Siberian		Sakha (Yakut) Dolgan
			South Siberian	Sayan Turkic	Tuvan Tofa Soyot, Uriankhai, Dukhan[10]
				Yenisei Turkic	Fuyu Kyrgyz Khakas Kumandin[6][7] Northern Altai and dialects such as Chelkan and Tuba[11] Shor (Saghay Qaca, Qizil) Western Yugur (Western Uyghur, Yellow Uyghur)[12][13][14][15][16]
				Chulym Turkic	Chulym (Küerik)
				Altai Turkic[17]	Southern Altai and Telengit dialect Teleut[8]
				Old Turkic	† Orkhon Turkic † Old Uyghur

Alexander Vovin (2017) notes that Tofa and other Siberian Turkic languages, especially Sayan Turkic, have Yeniseian loanwords.[18]

References

Lars Johanson (1998) "The History of Turkic". In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds) The Turkic Languages. London, New York: Routledge, 81-125. Classification of Turkic languages at Turkiclanguages.com
"Northern Altai". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
Dybo A.V., Chronology of Türkic languages and linguistic contacts of early Türks, Moscow, 2007, p. 766, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-11. Retrieved 2005-03-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) (In Russian)
https://www.ethnologue.com/
https://glottolog.org/
"Kumandin". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
Bitkeeva, A.N. "The Kumandin Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
Nevskaya, I.A. "The Teleut Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
Tazranova, A.R. "The Chelkan Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
Rassadin, V.I. "The Soyot Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
"Northern Altai". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
Deviating. Probably of South Siberian origin (Johanson 1998)
Coene 2009, p. 75
Coene 2009, p. 75
Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Contributors: Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie (revised ed.). Elsevier. 2010. p. 1109. ISBN 978-0080877754. Retrieved 24 April 2014.CS1 maint: others (link)
Johanson, Lars, ed. (1998). The Mainz Meeting: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, August 3-6, 1994. Turcologica Series. Contributor: Éva Ágnes Csató. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 28. ISBN 3447038640. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
Some dialects are close to Kirghiz (Johanson 1998)
Vovin, Alexander. 2017. "Some Tofalar Etymologies." In Essays in the history of languages and linguistics: dedicated to Marek Stachowski on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Krakow: Księgarnia Akademicka.

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[1] Lars Johanson (1998) "The History of Turkic". In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds) The Turkic Languages. London, New York: Routledge, 81-125. Classification of Turkic languages at Turkiclanguages.com

[ELP-2] "Northern Altai". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[3] Dybo A.V., Chronology of Türkic languages and linguistic contacts of early Türks, Moscow, 2007, p. 766, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-11. Retrieved 2005-03-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) (In Russian)

[4] ttps://www.ethnologue.com/

[5] ttps://glottolog.org/

[Kumandin-6] "Kumandin". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[Bitkeeva-7] Bitkeeva, A.N. "The Kumandin Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.

[Nevskaya-8] Nevskaya, I.A. "The Teleut Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.

[Tazranova-9] Tazranova, A.R. "The Chelkan Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-16.

[Rassadin-10] Rassadin, V.I. "The Soyot Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-18.

[NorthernAltai-11] "Northern Altai". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-16.

[12] Deviating. Probably of South Siberian origin (Johanson 1998)

[13] Coene 2009, p. 75

[14] Coene 2009, p. 75

[15] Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Contributors: Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie (revised ed.). Elsevier. 2010. p. 1109. ISBN 978-0080877754. Retrieved 24 April 2014.CS1 maint: others (link)

[16] Johanson, Lars, ed. (1998). The Mainz Meeting: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, August 3-6, 1994. Turcologica Series. Contributor: Éva Ágnes Csató. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 28. ISBN 3447038640. Retrieved 24 April 2014.

[17] Some dialects are close to Kirghiz (Johanson 1998)

[18] Vovin, Alexander. 2017. "Some Tofalar Etymologies." In Essays in the history of languages and linguistics: dedicated to Marek Stachowski on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Krakow: Księgarnia Akademicka.