Penny Marshall

Penny Marshall[1] (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018)[1] was an American actress, director and producer. She came to notice in the 1970s for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.

Penny Marshall
Publicity photo for Laverne & Shirley (1976)
Born
Carole Penny Marshall

(1943-10-15)October 15, 1943
New York City, U.S.
DiedDecember 17, 2018(2018-12-17) (aged 75)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park
Hollywood Hills, California
Alma materUniversity of New Mexico
Occupation
  • Actress
  • director
  • producer
Years active1968–2018
Spouse(s)
Mike Henry
​
​
(m. 1963; div. 1966)​

​
​
(m. 1971; div. 1981)​
ChildrenTracy Henry
Parent(s)
RelativesGarry Marshall (brother)
Scott Marshall (nephew)

Marshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996) and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man (2005) and Bewitched (2005), and directed episodes of the TV series According to Jim and United States of Tara.

Early life

Carole Penny Marshall was born in the Bronx, New York City, on October 15, 1943, to Marjorie Irene (née Ward), a tap dance teacher who ran the Marjorie Marshall Dance School, and Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli, later Anthony Wallace Marshall, a director of industrial films and later a producer.[2] She was the sister of actor/director/TV producer Garry Marshall and Ronny Hallin, a television producer. Her birth name, Carole, was selected because her mother's favorite actress was Carole Lombard. Her middle name was selected because her older sister Ronny, wanting a horse in the Bronx, was saving her pennies; her mother chose the middle name in an attempt to console her.[3]

Her father was of Italian descent, his family having come from San Martino sulla Marrucina, Chieti, Abruzzo,[4] and her mother was of German, English, and Scottish descent;[5][6][7] Marshall's father changed his last name from Masciarelli to Marshall before she was born.[8][9] Religion played an odd role in the Marshall children's lives. Garry was christened Episcopalian, Ronny was Lutheran, and Penny was confirmed in a Congregational Church, because "[Mother] sent us anyplace that had a hall where she could put on a recital. If she hadn't needed performance space, we wouldn't have bothered."[10]

She grew up at 3235 Grand Concourse, the Bronx, in a building which was also the childhood home of Neil Simon, Paddy Chayefsky, Calvin Klein, and Ralph Lauren.[11] She began her career as a tap dancer at age three, and later taught tap at her mother's dance school. She graduated from Walton High School, a public girls' high school in New York and then went to University of New Mexico for 21⁄2 years where she studied math and psychology. While at UNM, Marshall became pregnant with daughter Tracy Reiner (née Tracy Henry), and soon after married the father, Michael Henry, in 1963. The couple divorced three years later in 1966.[12] During this period, Marshall worked various jobs to support herself, including working as a choreographer for the Albuquerque Civic Light Opera Association.[13] In 1967,[14] she moved to Los Angeles to join her older brother Garry, a writer whose credits at the time included TV's The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–1966).

Career

Acting Career and the Industry She Worked In

Marshall began her career as a tap dancer when she was three years old; joining her mother’s dance school to learn tap to sharpen her tap dancing skills.[15] She first made a debut on television for a commercial advert to promote Head and Shoulders hair shampoo where she was playing the role of a girl with stringy, unappealing hair.[16] In 1968 Penny Marshall got an offer from her brother, Garry to appear in a comedy called How Sweet It Is!. She would later land another role in the biker film The Savage Seven in the same year.[17] She also landed a guest appearance role on the hit television series That Girl in 1969.[18]

In 1970, Garry Marshall became the executive producer of The Odd Couple; a Tv series, and added Marshall to the permanent cast to play as a secretary, Myrna.[19] She played this role for four years. While still playing the role of secretary in The Odd Couple, she also played small roles in other TV movies, namely Evil Roy Slade that was produced by her brother Garry.[20] Others included The Crooked Hearts in which she played a waitress; and The Couple Takes a Wife; all of which played in (1972).

While she was on The Odd Couples, Marshall played small role in TV movies, including her role as Janice Dreyfuss in Friends and Lovers which aired on CBS-TV on Saturday nights from September 14, 1974.[21] While the series received good ratings and reviews, it was canceled mid-season. The studio head, Grant Tinker, was however impressed with Marshall's comedic talent-hiring Marshall to play Mary Richards' The Mary Tyler Moore Show. When Garry Marshall wrote and created Happy Days, Marshall was cast to guest appear in one episode. The episode, A Date with Fonzie was aired in November 11, 1975, introducing the characters Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney as Marshall and her co-actor, Williams, respectively. In the show, the pair were such a hit to the audience that Garry Marshall co-created and starred them in a subsequent series, Laverne & Shirley which aired between 1976–1983. It was the third largest TV show in 1975-76, the second largest show in 1976-77, and the first largest show in 1977-78 and 1978-79. It also generates incidental income in the form of commercial promotion, record albums and animated series.These characters appeared in five other episodes of Happy Days. The show would later be canceled in 1983 after the end of its eighth season as Williams left the show due to her pregnancy. Marshall would later work again with Brooks, for the animated series The Simpsons, lending her voice to Ms. Botz, the "babysitter bandit," becoming the first guest star to the show. She also played a cameo role on the series Entourage.[22] In November 2013, she was reunited with her Laverne & Shirley co-star, Cindy Williams, in the episode of Sam & Cat.[23]

The Directing career and the Industry she worked In

Marshall first became interested in directing when her friend Whoopi Goldberg convinced her.[24] Her first debut as a director came while she was still starring on Laverne and Shirley, and she directed four episodes of the show, including other TV assignments. She directed other episodes in 1979, especially the episodes of the short-lived Working Stiff.[25] Later, she moved to theatrical films; directing her first film Peggy Sue Got Married.[26]But Marshall and the writers of the film, had creative differences and Marshall left the project, with Winger also leaving out of loyalty with Marshall.

In 1986, she was given the directorial job of Jumpin' Jack Flash; a gig she got when the original director left the position.[27] She also gave her brother Garry and daughter Tracy roles in the film. The task of getting the work done was a difficult one that she described as reading a four-month semester work in one week. It was difficult to learn the role in that short time and bring the project to continuation.

Marshall directed several successful films from the 1980s onwards. These included Big (1988) which was also the first film directed by a woman to gross over US$100 million; Awakenings (1990); A League of Their Own (1992); and The Preacher's Wife (1996).[28] In 1991, she received the Women in Film Crystal Award. She later directed two episodes in 2010 to 2011 of the Showtime series the United States of Tara. Women in Film and Video awarded her with the Women of Vision Award in 2013.[29]

Marshall third film is the critically acclaimed Awakening, starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro, based on Oliver Sacks' The adaptation of the novel, won a box office of 52 million US dollars, but also won three Oscar nominations, including best picture and best actor. This film is the second film by a female director to be nominated for Best Picture (Randa Haines' Children of a Lesser God was the first in 1986) . Roger Ebert said: “Because this movie is not a tear-jerking movie, but a wise examination of a strange human condition, De Niro should stop Leonard from being a sympathetic Object, but someone who helps us be curious about our weak grasp of the world around us."[30][31]

Marshall's road to success came to an end in one of her films "Renaissance Man". Janet Maslin of the New York Times declared at the beginning of the comment, “If you are looking for a learning experience, the'Renaissance man' is always ready to teach you similes, metaphors, contradictions What do rhetoric and formula mean."[31]

Five years later, Marshall returned to the studio with her last film, "Riding in Cars with Boys" starring Drew Barrymore in 2001. The film has received general reviews, and has won a box office of about 35 million U.S. dollars worldwide. Peter Reiner of New York Magazine said: "Beverly is considered a bad girl who runs with the wrong people, but most of the time, she looks like she just started from Laverne and Shirley. & Shirley) came out in that episode."[31]

Important Acting career and Industry experience

In 1976, Marshall starred in "Laverne & Shirley", playing two female assembly line workers in the brewery.[30]She has been nominated three times for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy series. Subsequently, she successfully got the attention of major film companies.[32]

In 1980s, she began directing films. [32]

In 1986, she filmed the comedy "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and successfully became popular with Whoopi Goldberg, who was still unknown in the film and television circle at the time.

In 1988, she collaborated with Tom Hanks to film the famous science fiction film "Big". The film takes a child who suddenly becomes an adult overnight, telling the complex and changeable world of adults and the innocence and kindness of children. The film earned more than 100 million U.S. dollars in box office in North America, and Penny Marshall became the first female director in history with a single film box office of more than 100 million U.S. dollars. Become the forerunner of the female Hollywood director who does her part.

In 1990, Penny Marshall filmed "Awakenings". [32][30]

Personal life

Penny's family described her as "the bad one" because not only did she walk on the ledge of her family's apartment building, but she snuck into the movies as a child and even dated a guy named "Lefty." She attended a private girls' high school in New York and then went to the University of New Mexico for two-and-a-half years.[33] While at college, Marshall met Michael Henry, a football player, and left to marry him in 1963, aged 20;[34] before the age of 20, Penny gave up her studies and had her first marriage. They had one daughter named Tracy in 1964 (now Tracy Reiner).Their marriage lasted two years.[14] Marshall took her daughter Tracy back to her home in New York, where she joined her brother Gary, and played some supporting roles in some TV works led by the latter.[30] On April 10, 1971,[35] Marshall married actor/director Rob Reiner, who later adopted Tracy. Her marriage to Reiner ended in 1981; the couple had five grandchildren together.[36] Marshall had a brief relationship with singer Art Garfunkel in the mid-1980s, and he credits her with helping him through his depression.[37] In 2010, it was reported that Marshall had been diagnosed with lung cancer that had metastasized to her brain, but two years later she was 'fine now'.[38]

Death

Marshall died in Los Angeles on December 17, 2018, at the age of 75. According to her death certificate, the causes were cardiopulmonary failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 1.[39][40][41] Marshall is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills. The 'L' from her Laverne character is emblazoned at the bottom of her headstone.[42]

After the news of Marshall's death, Hollywood stars took to social media to express their sadness at the loss of the trailblazer. Penny's second husband was filmmaker Rob Reiner. The two were married for ten years, from 1971 to 1981, and remained close friends after their divorce. Now, with news of Penny's death, Lennar has taken to Twitter to express his grief for his ex-wife, praising her as a natural comedic talent and a rare cinematic talent. Former stars of her films, including Robert De Niro, Danny Devito and Rosie O 'Donnell (A League of Roses), also took to social media to express their condolences.[30]

Filmography

As actress
Year Film Role Notes
1968The Savage SevenTina[43]
1968How Sweet It Is!Tour Girl[43]
1970The GrasshopperPlaster Caster[43]
1970Where's Poppa?Courtroom SpectatorUncredited
1975How Come Nobody's on Our Side?Theresaaka Capers[44]
19791941Miss FitzroyUncredited[45]
1985Movers & ShakersRevaCameo[46]
1988She's Having a BabyHerselfUncredited
1991The Hard WayAngie[47]
1993Hocus PocusThe Master's WifeUncredited[48]
1995Get ShortyHerselfCameo[49]
1998The Emperor's New Clothes: An All-Star Illustrated Retelling of the Classic Fairy TaleThe Imperial Lady-in-Waiting #2Voice[50]
1999Special Delivery
2000High FidelityFuneral AttendeeUncredited
2004StatesideLt. ChevetoneUncredited[45]
2005Looking for Comedy in the Muslim WorldHerselfCameo[51]
2007Everybody Wants to Be ItalianTeresa the Florist[52]
2007Alice Upside DownMrs. PlotkinDirect-to-video film[53]
2007Blonde AmbitionBolo Executive[49]
2011New Year's EveHerself(segment "Ahern Party")
2014Going to AmericaHerself – Famous Director
2015Staten Island SummerDolores
2015Scooby-Doo! and Kiss: Rock and Roll MysteryThe ElderVoice, Direct-to-video film[54]
2016Mother's DayNarratorVoice[55]

As director
Year Title Notes
1986Jumpin' Jack Flash[43]
1988Big[43]
1990AwakeningsAlso executive producer[43]
1992A League of Their OwnAlso executive producer[43][56]
1994Renaissance ManAlso executive producer[43]
1996The Preacher's Wife[43]
2001Riding in Cars with Boys[43][57]

As producer
Year Title Notes
1993Calendar GirlExecutive producer[58]
1996Getting Away with MurderProducer[59]
1998With Friends Like These...Producer[60]
2003RiskProducer
2005Cinderella ManProducer[61]
BewitchedProducer[61]

As actress
Year Title Role Notes
1968–1969That GirlAssistant Librarian / JoanEpisodes: "Secret Ballot", "Fix My Screen & Bug Out"[43]
1969My Friend TonyJanetEpisode: "Computer Murder"
1969Then Came BronsonClaireEpisode: "The Runner"[62]
1970Love, American StyleMary AgnesEpisode: "Love and the Pick-Up" segment[43]
1970Barefoot in the ParkEpisode: "In Sickness and in Health"
1970The Wonderful World of DisneyMayor's SecretaryEpisodes: "The Wacky Zoo of Morgan City" (Parts 1 & 2)
1971The Feminist and the FuzzLiberation LadyTelevision film[63]
1971Getting TogetherMonaEpisode: "Those Oldies But Goodies Remind Me of You"[64]
1972–1974The Odd CoupleMyrna Turner27 episodes[45]
1972Evil Roy SladeBank TellerTelevision film[65]
1972The SuperJaniceEpisode: "The Matchmaker"[66]
1972The Bob Newhart ShowStewardessEpisode: "Fly the Unfriendly Skies"[43]
1972The Crooked HeartsWaitressTelevision film[66]
1972The Couple Takes a WifePaulaTelevision film[66]
1973BanacekReceptionistEpisode: "The Greatest Collection of Them All"
1974–1975Paul Sand in Friends and LoversJanice Dreyfuss14 episodes[43]
1974–1976The Mary Tyler Moore ShowToni / Paula KovacsEpisodes: "I Was a Single for WJM", "Murray in Love", "Menage-a-Lou"[43]
1975Let's Switch!Alice WrightTelevision film[67]
1975WivesConnieTelevision film
1975Chico and the ManAnita CappuccinoEpisode: "Chico and the Van"[66]
1975Saturday Night LiveHerselfEpisode: "Rob Reiner"[45]
1975–1979Happy DaysLaverne DeFazio5 episodes[43]
1976Good HeavensEpisode: "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"[68]
1976–1983Laverne & ShirleyLaverne DeFazio178 episodes[43]
1977Saturday Night LiveHerselfEpisode: "Live from Mardi Gras"[45]
1977Blansky's BeautiesLaverne DeFazioEpisode: "Nancy Remembers Laverne"[69]
1978Mork & MindyLaverne DeFazioEpisode: "Pilot"[45]
1978More Than FriendsMatty PerlmanTelevision film[66]
1979Carol Burnett & CompanyHerselfEpisode #1.3[70]
1981–1982Laverne & Shirley in the ArmyLaverne DeFazioVoice, 13 episodes[69]
1982Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz HourLaverne DeFazioVoice, 8 episodes (Laverne & Shirley with the Fonz segment)[45]
1983TaxiHerselfEpisode: "Louie Moves Uptown"[45]
1984The New ShowVarious CharactersEpisode #1.4[71]
1984Love Thy NeighborLinda WilsonTelevision film[72]
1985Challenge of a LifetimeNora SchoonoverTelevision film[73]
1990The SimpsonsMs. BotzVoice, Episode: "Some Enchanted Evening"[45]
1993The Odd Couple: Together AgainMyrnaTelevision film[62]
1996Saturday Night LiveVarious CharactersEpisode: "Rosie O'Donnell/Whitney Houston"[45]
1998Tracey Takes On...HerselfEpisode: "Hollywood"
1998Nash BridgesIris HellerEpisode: "Skin Deep"
1999Jackie's Back!HerselfCameo
2004FrasierCelesteVoice, Episode: "Frasier-Lite"
2006Campus LadiesEpisode: "Webcam"[45]
2006BonesHerselfEpisode: "The Woman at the Airport"[45]
2008The GameDoris FoxEpisode: "A Delectable Basket of Treats"[45]
2012The Life & Times of TimPR ExecutiveVoice, Episode: "The Smug Chiropractor/Corporate Disaster"
2012PortlandiaBarbaraEpisode: "Feminist Book Store 10th Anniversary"[45]
2013Sam & CatSylvia BurkeEpisode: "#SalmonCat"[74]
2014MulaneyTuttiEpisode: "Sweet Jane"[75]
2016The Odd CouplePatty DombrowskiEpisode: "Taffy Days", (final appearance)[61]

The Cinematic Techniques She Uses

One of Penny Marshal’s styles is the use of simple pictures that allow the actor to convey the message. All her films are not multi-million dollar movies filled with special effects or fancy camera action. However, she employs a loose framing-focusing camera on actors so that they are distinguished from the background.[76] The loose framing focus is accompanied by very strong lighting of the scene to increase visibility on specific objects and important characters in the scene. Additionally, throughout her directing, she uses film to tell a story. She does not attempt to use film as an art form.[77] Thus, all her story sources are made up of original and adapted screenplays. For instance, Big was written by Gary Ross; best known as film writer and producer of Pleasantville. Additionally, Anne Spielberg who wrote "Toy Story" is one of the accomplished film writers and producers. Moreover, "Awakenings" was adapted from Oliver Sack’s book and written by Steven Zaillian for the screen. Steven is the writer of Schindler's List and A Civil Action, just to name a few. Furthermore, she relies on character techniques to portray the meaning of themes in the films.[78] For instance, she uses prominent characters like Malcolm Sayer and Josh Baskin whose characters reflect their persona as well as draw people to the film. Additionally, Penny Marshall places a big emphasis on the settings which are very selective in details. Another Penny Marshall technique is that her films are classical.[79] For instance, Marshall's best directorial accomplishment was in Awakenings that starred Robin Williams Robert DeNiro. The film was nominated for Best Actor (Robert DeNiro), Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay. "Awakenings" is organized upon a three-act structure. A League of their Own is a tale that is strongly centered on the plot; and there exist both bad and good people, as well as characters that get changed by their experiences.

Central Themes in Marshall’s Films

 
Penny Marshall’s films tend to address contemporary issues in society such as coming of age, women’s accomplishments, and oppression of the mentally handicapped.[80] For instance, The oppression of the mentally handicapped is well elaborated in the film Awakening. The film unites two big stars in a story about the plight of mentally handicapped individuals and how a person who is not living with any life-threatening condition gets to learn a lesson about humanity after spending time with a mentally handicapped person.[81][82]  Achievement of women has been elaborated well in the film League of their Own; a film that stars two blood sisters joining the women’s baseball league during World War II. In that time, many men in professional leagues joined the armed forces.[83] The movie exposes exciting victories and personal conflicts on the field, while, at the same time, building sisterhood and strong bonds among teammates


As director
Year Title Notes
1979Working Stiffs1 episode: "The Preview Presentation"
1979–1981Laverne & Shirley4 episodes: "Squiggy in Love", "The Duke of Squigman", "The Dating Game", "But Seriously, Folks"[43]
1987The Tracey Ullman Show1 episode
1993A League of Their Own1 episode: "Dottie's Back"[84]
2009According to Jim2 episodes: "The Yoga Bear", "Physical Therapy"[43]
2010–2011United States of Tara2 episodes: "Explosive Diorama", "Wheels"[43]

Awards

References
  1. Born Carole Penny Marshall in 1943, as per My Mother Was Nuts, a Memoir, p. 10; ISBN 978-0-547-89262-7. Copyright 2012
  2. "Comedy On Tap – Garry Marshall Interview".
  3. "A Penny for your Horsey?". Kentucky New Era. June 24, 1977. p. 10.
  4. LaSalle, Mick (May 26, 2006). "This Jewish boy's life will make you laugh (and get a bit verklempt?)". The San Francisco Chronicle.
  5. An Interview with the Cast of Keeping up with the Steins Archived April 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  6. Ancestry of Penny Marshall at Genealogy.com Archived July 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "Penny Marshall". Articles.chicagotribune.com.
  8. Peter Canavese. "Groucho Reviews: Interview: Garry Marshall—Keeping Up With the Steins—05/05/06". GrouchoReviews.
  9. "...Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli", a handsome, athletic young man majoring in advertising at New York University ... To better his chances, he changed his last name from Masciarelli to Marshall and forevermore denied that he was both Italian and Catholic". My Mother Was Nuts, a Memoir, p. 4; ISBN 978-0-547-89262-7. Copyright 2012.
  10. My Mother Was Nuts, a Memoir, p. 18.
  11. Abramowitz, Rachel (2000). Is That a Gun in Your Pocket? Women's Experience of Power in Hollywood. New York: Random House, ISBN 0-679-43754-1, p. 289
  12. Kalogerakis, George (December 23, 1996). "Penny Marshall". People. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  13. Barnes, Mike (December 18, 2018). "Penny Marshall, 'Laverne & Shirley' Star Turned Director, Dies at 75". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
  14. Abramowitz, p. 290
  15. Biography Editors, “Penny Marshall,” Biography, May 13, 2020, accessed November 2, 2021, https://www.biography.com/actor/penny-marshall
  16. Ibid.
  17. Ibid.
  18. Ibid
  19. Ibid
  20. Scott Collins, “From the Archives: ‘Odd Couple’ veteran Garry Marshall lends hand to CBS reboot,” Los Angeles Times, Feb 19,Italic text 2015, accessed November 2, 2021, https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-garry-marshall-odd-couple-20150219-story.html
  21. Ibid.
  22. Ibid
  23. Ibid.
  24. Tribute editors, “Penny Marshall Biography & Movies,” Tribute Entertainment Media Group, November 1, 2021, accessed November 3, 2021, https://www.tribute.ca/people/penny-marshall/4854/
  25. Ibid
  26. Ibid
  27. Ibid
  28. Alex Perez, “Penny Marshall: 11 of Her Most Memorable Films and TV Shows,” The Hollywood Reporter, December 18, 2018, accessed November 2, 2021, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/penny-marshall-dead-laverne-shirley-star-75-686405/
  29. Tribute editors, “Penny Marshall Biography & Movies,” Tribute Entertainment Media Group, November 1, 2021, accessed November 3, 2021, https://www.tribute.ca/people/penny-marshall/4854/
  30. cheng, xiaoyun (December 19, 2018). "女导演潘妮·马歇尔病逝，曾执导《无语问苍天》《红粉联盟》". 澎湃新闻.
  31. Toby (December 19, 2018). "主演《拉文与雪莉》的好莱坞导演彭妮·马歇尔去世，享年75岁！". Baidu.
  32. Yun, Maomao (December 19, 2018). "潘妮·马歇尔75岁逝世 首位北美票房超1亿女导演". 1905电影网.
  33. IMDB editors, “Penny Marshall Bibliography”, IMDB, Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001508/bio on December 5th, 2021.
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  35. California Marriage Index, 1960–1985, marriage of Carole P. Marshall and Robert Reiner, Los Angeles
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  67. New York Magazine. April 22, 1985.
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