Shola-e Javid

Shola-e Javid (Dari: شعلهٔ جاوید‎, lit. 'Eternal flame') was a Maoist political party founded around 1964 in the Kingdom of Afghanistan. Its strategy was populist, gaining support from university students, professionals, the majority Pashtuns and the Shia Hazaras.[1] It grew significantly in popularity throughout the late 1960s and into the 1970s, possibly eclipsing that of the Parcham and Khalq factions of the pro-Soviet People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) up until the factions' reconciliation in 1977. The Shola-e Javid party was made illegal in 1969 after criticizing King Zahir Shah.

Shola-e Javid
IdeologyMaoism
Political positionFar-left
Colors  Red   Yellow

After the exile of the King to Italy and President Daoud Khan's takeover of Afghanistan in the 1973 coup, Shola-e Javid continued to be condemned as a Pakistani-backed movement hostile to the ruling regime. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Sino-Albanian split caused splits within the Shola-e Javid party, with one section denouncing the pro-Chinese stance in favor of a pro-Albanian one in 1978, condemning Mao's Three Worlds Theory as revisionist.[2]

References
  1. Arnold, Anthony. Afghanistan's Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq. 1st ed. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1983.
  2. Alexander, Robert. International Maoism in the Developing World. 1st ed. London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999.
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