Time–manner–place

In linguistic typology, time–manner–place is a sentence structure that defines the order of adpositional phrases and adverbs in a sentence: "yesterday", "by car", "to the store". Japanese, Afrikaans,[1] Dutch,[2][3] Mandarin, and German[4] use this structure.

For restrictions on freedom of speech in the United States, see Time, place, and manner.
Linguistic typology
Morphological
Morphosyntactic
Word order
Lexicon

An example of this appositional ordering in German is:

IchfahreheutemitdemAutonachMünchen.
IdrivetodaywiththecartoMunich.
I'm travelling to Munich by car today.

The temporal phrase – heute (when? – "today") – comes first, the manner – mit dem Auto (how? – "by car") – is second, and the place – nach München (where? – "to Munich") – is third.

Mnemonics

One way to remember the order in German is the mnemonic acronym ZAP: Zeit (time), Art (manner), Platz (place). Another, in English, is the "acronym" TeMPo. It is a subset of the system called TeKaMoLo in German: Temporal, Kausal, Modal, Lokal, or time-cause-manner-place.

See also

References
  1. the STOMPI rule
  2. "Dutch Grammar • Manner: how?". www.dutchgrammar.com. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  3. "Word order: time, manner and place". Zichtbaar Nederlands. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  4. school, Hyde Flippo German Expert Hyde Flippo taught the German language for 28 years at high; Levels, College; language, published several books on the German; Flippo, culture our editorial process Hyde. "How to Put German Sentences in the Right Order". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
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