119 BC
Year 119 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dalmaticus and Cotta (or, less frequently, year 635 Ab urbe condita) and the Fourth Year of Yuanshou. The denomination 119 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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| 119 BC by topic |
| Politics |
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| Gregorian calendar | 119 BC CXVIII BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 635 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXXIII dynasty, 205 |
| - Pharaoh | Ptolemy VIII Physcon, 27 |
| Ancient Greek era | 165th Olympiad, year 2 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4632 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −711 |
| Berber calendar | 832 |
| Buddhist calendar | 426 |
| Burmese calendar | −756 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5390–5391 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 2578 or 2518 — to — 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 2579 or 2519 |
| Coptic calendar | −402 – −401 |
| Discordian calendar | 1048 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −126 – −125 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3642–3643 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −62 – −61 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2982–2983 |
| Holocene calendar | 9882 |
| Iranian calendar | 740 BP – 739 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 763 BH – 762 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 2215 |
| Minguo calendar | 2030 before ROC 民前2030年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1586 |
| Seleucid era | 193/194 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 424–425 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金鸡年 (female Iron-Rooster) 8 or −373 or −1145 — to — 阳水狗年 (male Water-Dog) 9 or −372 or −1144 |
Events
Greece
- Hipparchus replaces Eumachus as Archon of Athens.
Roman Republic
- The second Dalmatian war begins.
China
- Spring - Emperor Wu of Han, the General-in-Chief Wei Qing and the 'Swift Cavalry General' Huo Qubing prepare a multi-pronged invasion of the Xiongnu Empire. Since the Han invasions began in 129, the Xiongnu have suffered multiple defeats and the loss of the Ordos Plateau and Hexi Corridor. Their ruler, Yizhixie Chanyu, is now based north of the Gobi Desert, where he believes the Han cannot reach him. However, the Han prepare two massive armies under Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, who then split up these forces between their generals and invade along multiple routes. Upon learning, falsely, that the Chanyu is based in the eastern part of the Xiongnu realm, the Emperor assigns his favourite, Huo Qubing, to the east where he can personally target the Chanyu.
- Departing from Dingxiang on China's north-western border, Wei Qing crosses the Gobi Desert and unexpectedly encounters the army of Yizhixie Chanyu in the Orkhon Valley. In the resulting battle of Mobei, which is fought in a dust storm, Wei Qing surrounds and defeats the Chanyu's army. Although unable to pursue the Chanyu, he then captures the Xiongnu fort at Mt. Tianyan before turning back.
- General Li Guang, tasked with taking an eastern route relative to Wei Qing, fails to rendezvous with the latter's army. Upon learning that Wei Qing has prepared a list of charges against him, he commits suicide.
- Simultaneous to Wei Qing's campaign, Huo Qubing marches his forces out of Dai and Youbeiping through the eastern territories of the Xiongnu and crosses the far-eastern stretch of the Gobi Desert. Crossing the Huozhangqu, he defeats and executes Bijuqi. He then marches against and routs the army of the Tuqi (Worthy Prince) of the Left (East). After crossing Mt. Lihou and fording the Gonglu, he captures the Tuntou king, the Han king and one other king. He reaches as far as Lake Baikal and performs sacrifices at Mt. Langjuxu and Mt. Guyan.
- Emperor Wu creates the rank of Grand Marshal and gives it to both Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, doing so in order to make Huo's rank and salary equal to that of Wei.
- Emperor Wu suspends further campaigning against the Xiongnu due to a shortage of horses and so that the Han can focus on wars against the two Yue kingdoms (Minyue and Nanyue), Korea and the Qiang.
- Government monopolies are established in iron, salt and liquor.
Deaths
- Di Shan, Chinese politician of the Han Dynasty
- Li Guang, Chinese general of the Han Dynasty
References
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