Automotive industry in Brazil

The Brazilian automotive industry competed with other Latin American ones (Mexico) comparably until 1960, then grew substantially. Near the end of the 1970s new capacities were built by the United States and Germany. In addition to available and annual production, which exceeded one million and provided world's 10th place for country. After some decrease near 1990, the new and more strong growth by help of same foreign players plus Japan and France allowed Brazil to beat such old auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Russia, Spain, France and annual production exceeded 3,7 million vehicles in 2013 seventh largest in the World, although they have fallen substantially more recently.

The Brazilian industry is regulated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (automobiles, light vehicles, trucks and buses) and agriculture machines with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris.

Most large global automotive companies are present in Brazil; such as BMW Group ((BMW, Mini, Rolls Royce Imported)), BYD, Chery, Ford including ex Troller, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, JAC Motors, Kia, Land Rover, Lifan, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan Motors, Porsche imported, Renault, Stellantis (Citroën, Fiat, Peugeot, Jeep), Subaru, Toyota & Lexus, Volkswagen Group (Audi, MAN SE, Scania AB, Volkswagen) Volvo Trucks etc., and also the consagrated national companies such as Agrale, Marcopolo S.A., Randon S.A. etc. Some traditionally produce modern equipped replicas of older models. In the past there were national brands such as DKW Vemag, FNM (Fabrica Nacional de Motores) and Gurgel.

History

The first Brazilian automotive industry was the work of Henry Ford, who started the Brazilian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in 1919, assembling Model T cars and TT trucks in São Paulo. In 1921 Ford opened its own production facility, known as Solon Plant. Ford was followed by General Motors in 1926 with the assembly of the first Chevrolet cars in São Paulo.[1]

In 1956, in the city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste (São Paulo), the Romi-Isetta, an early Brazilian car, was first produced. In 1958, Toyota started to produce its famous Land Cruiser. In 1959, in the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo, the first Volkswagen factory was built. It started manufacturing the Type 2, which preceded the famous Beetle (known in Brazil as Fusca). At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur, Mr. Sebastiao William Cardoso, started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi. In 1967, Puma began selling sports cars.[2][3]

Chevrolet and Ford started manufacturing trucks in 1957 and work vehicles and automobiles in Brazil in the 1960s. The Italian giant Fiat established its first factory in Brazil in the 1970s, and Mercedes Benz started to produce trucks and buses during the 1950s, and eventually opened an automobile factory in 1998.

These companies dominated the Brazilian market until the middle 1990s when the Brazilian market was finally opened to Imports. In the 1990s, more auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil, including: Nissan, Renault, Peugeot, Citroën, Honda, Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Chrysler and Audi.

Currently, the most successful genuine Brazilian auto company is Troller, with its T4 and Pantanal models. It sells all over Latin America and Africa. In the last few years, the Brazilian auto industry has grown quickly, attracting investments from the main global automakers. In 2007, Brazilian production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.[4]

Since 2008 Brazil has passed France and became highest achieved world's sixth largest producer, but was beaten by India in 2011, and slightly down to 7th place.

In October 2012, the Inovar-Auto program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more Fuel efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = tax over industrialized product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism. Recently, Brazil lost a WTO dispute against Tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism.[5]

Historical production by year
Year Quantity < 0.5  0.5 — 1 millions 1 — 2 millions 2 — 3 millions 3 — 4 millions > 4 millions
1950- 
1960133,000  
1970416,089  
19801,165,174  
1990914,466  
20001,681,517  
20052,530,840  
20062,611,034  
20072,970,818  
20083,220,475  
20093,182,617  
20103,381,728  
20113,406,150  
20123,402,508  
20133,712,380  
20143,364,890  
20152,429,463  
20162,157,379  
20172,699,672
20182,880,724
20192,944,962
2020~ 1,600,000
2021- 

Historical sales
Top 10 best-selling models in Brazil (new passenger and commercial vehicles), 1977–2020
Source : BSCB[6]
Table indicators

  Mini (A) / Small (B) Car        Medium (C) / Large (D) Car        Executive (E) / Sports (S) Car        Coupé utility / Pickup        Crossover / SUV (J)        Van

YearModels and RankingYear
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th
1977Volkswagen FuscaVolkswagen BrasiliaVolkswagen PassatFord CorcelChevrolet ChevetteFiat 147not available1977
1978Volkswagen FuscaVolkswagen BrasiliaFiat 147Volkswagen PassatChevrolet ChevetteFord Corcelnot available1978
1979Volkswagen FuscaVolkswagen BrasiliaFiat 147Volkswagen PassatChevrolet ChevetteFord Corcelnot available1979
1980–1987 not available
1988Volkswagen GolChevrolet MonzaFord EscortChevrolet ChevetteFiat UnoVolkswagen VoyageVolkswagen SantanaVolkswagen ParatiFord Del ReyChevrolet Opala1988
1989Volkswagen GolChevrolet MonzaFord EscortFiat UnoChevrolet ChevetteVolkswagen SantanaVolkswagen ParatiVolkswagen VoyageChevrolet KadettChevrolet D-201989
1990Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet MonzaVolkswagen ParatiChevrolet KadettVolkswagen VoyageFord VeronaFord EscortChevrolet ChevetteVolkswagen Santana1990
1991Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet MonzaFord EscortChevrolet KadettFord VeronaVolkswagen ParatiVolkswagen ApolloVolkswagen SantanaChevrolet Chevette1991
1992Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet MonzaChevrolet KadettVolkswagen ParatiFord EscortChevrolet ChevetteVolkswagen SantanaFord VeronaFiat Tempra1992
1993Volkswagen GolFiat UnoFord EscortChevrolet KadettChevrolet MonzaVolkswagen LogusVolkswagen ParatiChevrolet ChevetteFiat TempraVolkswagen Santana1993
1994Fiat UnoVolkswagen GolFord EscortFiat TipoChevrolet CorsaChevrolet MonzaChevrolet KadettFiat TempraVolkswagen LogusVolkswagen Parati1994
1995Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet CorsaFord EscortFiat TipoVolkswagen GolfFiat TempraChevrolet KadettVolkswagen SantanaChevrolet Monza1995
1996Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet Corsa (Hatch)Fiat PalioFord EscortFord FiestaChevrolet VectraChevrolet KadettVolkswagen SantanaFiat Tempra1996
1997Volkswagen GolFiat PalioChevrolet Corsa (Hatch)Fiat UnoFord FiestaChevrolet VectraVolkswagen ParatiFord KaVolkswagen KombiFiat Palio Weekend1997
1998Volkswagen Golnot available1998
1999Volkswagen Golnot available1999
2000Volkswagen Golnot available2000
2001Volkswagen GolFiat PalioFiat UnoChevrolet CeltaChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Chevrolet Corsa (Hatch)Ford FiestaFiat Palio WeekendFiat SienaVolkswagen Golf2001
2002Volkswagen GolChevrolet CorsaFiat PalioChevrolet CeltaFiat UnoFord FiestaRenault ClioPeugeot 206Chevrolet AstraFiat Siena2002
2003Volkswagen GolChevrolet CorsaFiat PalioChevrolet CeltaFiat UnoFord FiestaRenault ClioFiat SienaChevrolet AstraToyota Corolla2003
2004Volkswagen GolFiat PalioChevrolet CorsaChevrolet CeltaFiat UnoFord FiestaVolkswagen FoxFiat SienaChevrolet AstraFord EcoSport2004
2005Volkswagen GolChevrolet CorsaFiat PalioChevrolet CeltaFiat UnoFord FiestaVolkswagen FoxFord EcoSportFiat SienaFiat Strada2005
2006Volkswagen GolFiat PalioChevrolet CeltaFiat UnoVolkswagen Fox/CrossChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Fiat SienaFord Fiesta (Hatch)Ford EcoSportFiat Strada2006
2007Volkswagen GolFiat PalioFiat UnoVolkswagen Fox/CrossChevrolet CeltaChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Fiat SienaFord Fiesta (Hatch)Fiat StradaChevrolet Prisma2007
2008Volkswagen GolFiat PalioFiat UnoChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Chevrolet CeltaVolkswagen Fox/CrossFiat SienaFiat StradaHonda CivicFord Ka2008
2009Volkswagen GolFiat PalioFiat UnoChevrolet CeltaChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Volkswagen Fox/CrossFiat SienaFiat StradaVolkswagen VoyageFord Ka2009
2010Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet CeltaVolkswagen Fox/CrossChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Fiat PalioFiat SienaFiat StradaFord Fiesta (Hatch)Ford Ka2010
2011Volkswagen GolFiat UnoChevrolet CeltaChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Volkswagen Fox/CrossFiat StradaFiat PalioFiat SienaVolkswagen VoyageFord Fiesta (Hatch)2011
2012Volkswagen GolFiat UnoFiat PalioVolkswagen Fox/CrossChevrolet CeltaFiat StradaFord Fiesta (Hatch)Fiat SienaChevrolet Corsa (Sedan)Renault Sandero2012
2013Volkswagen GolFiat UnoFiat PalioFord Fiesta (Hatch)Volkswagen Fox/CrossFiat SienaFiat StradaChevrolet OnixHyundai HB20Renault Sandero2013
2014Fiat PalioVolkswagen GolFiat StradaChevrolet Onixnot availableHyundai HB20not available2014
2015Chevrolet OnixFiat PalioHyundai HB20Fiat StradaFord Ka (Hatch)Volkswagen Golnot available2015
2016Chevrolet OnixHyundai HB20Ford Ka (Hatch)Chevrolet PrismaToyota CorollaFiat PalioRenault SanderoVolkswagen GolFiat StradaHonda HR-V2016[7]
2017Chevrolet OnixHyundai HB20Ford Ka (Hatch)Volkswagen GolChevrolet PrismaRenault SanderoToyota CorollaFiat StradaFiat MobiFiat Toro2017
2018Chevrolet OnixHyundai HB20Ford Ka (Hatch)Volkswagen GolChevrolet PrismaVolkswagen PoloRenault KwidFiat StradaFiat ArgoJeep Compass2018
2019Chevrolet OnixFord Ka (Hatch)Hyundai HB20Renault KwidVolkswagen GolFiat ArgoFiat StradaChevrolet PrismaVolkswagen PoloJeep Renegade2019[8]
2020Chevrolet Onix (Hatch)Ford Ka (Hatch)Hyundai HB20Chevrolet Onix PlusFiat StradaVolkswagen GolFiat ArgoVolkswagen T-CrossJeep RenegadeFiat Toro2020[9]
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th
See also : Best-selling models in

Manufacturers

Current

Local owned

Passenger vehicles manufacturers

Motorcycle & Bicycle manufacturers

Bus, coach & truck manufacturers

Tractors manufacturers

Automobile Foreign Owned

Here's a link to a map containing all plants currently in Brazil:

Motorcycles Foreign Owned

Former

Custom & Unique Prototypes

School & Diverses
  • Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos USP - Griffon[236]
  • FEI – Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial - Engineering School Producing several diverse Prototypes during Decades since 1946[237][238]
  • Former Several Start-Up Enterprises in Diverse Types of Production[239]

Local manufacture encouraged

Brazil has a 35 percent tariff on imported cars.[240][241]

Passenger cars currently offered & manufactured in Brazil in large Scale

BMW: 1 Series Imported, 2 Series Imported, 3 Series, 4 Series Imported, 5 Series Imported, 7 Series Imported X1, X2 Imported, X3, X4, X5 Imported, X6 Imported, X7 Imported, Z4 Imported and electrics 'i' imported

Chery: Arrizo 5, Arrizo 6, Tiggo 2, Tiggo 5X, Tiggo 7, Tiggo 8

Chevrolet: Chevrolet Cruze Imported, Equinox, ex Joy, ex Joy Plus, Onix, Onix Plus, S10, Spin, Tracker, Trailblazer

Citroën: C4 Cactus, Jumper, Jumpy

Fiat: Argo, Cronos, ex Doblò, Ducato, Grand Siena, Fiorino, Mobi, Pulse, Strada, Toro, ex Uno

Honda: Accord, Civic, ex City, City Hatchback, CR-V, ex Fit, HR-V, ex WR-V

Hyundai: Creta, HB20, HB20S, HB20X, ix35 (LM), Tucson (TM)

Jeep: Compass, Renegade

Land Rover: Land Rover Discovery, Land Rover Defender, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Velar

MINI: Cabrio Imported, Clubman Imported, Countryman and electrics

Mitsubishi: Eclipse Cross Imported, Outlander Imported, Pajero Imported, L200 Triton

Nissan: Frontier, Kicks, Leaf, Versa

Peugeot: 208, 2008, 3008 and electric vans imported

Renault: Captur, Duster, Duster Oroch, Logan, Kwid, Sandero

Toyota: Corolla, Corolla Cross, Hilux, RAV4, SW4, Yaris Hatch, Yaris Sedan

Volkswagen: ex Gol, Nivus, Polo, Saveiro, Taos, T-Cross, Virtus, Voyage

See also

References
  1. Sydney A. Latini, A Implantação da Indústria Automobilística no Brasil, Editora Alaúde, 2007, p. 92
  2. "Puma GTE tinha chassi de Brasilia, mas caiu nas graças de pilotos da F1". Quatro Rodas (in Portuguese). 30 September 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  3. "Puma Automóveis: A história que não teve fim!". Revista Carro (in Portuguese). 19 April 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  4. "2007 ficou na história do mercado automotivo nacional | Automóveis, Notícias". Tribuna do Paraná (in Portuguese). 24 January 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  5. Resaffa Nogueira Martins, Henrique (2016). "The Brazilian Inovar-Auto Program and the WTO Dispute". ResearchGate. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.25878.14407.
  6. Matt Gasnier (19 April 2011). "Brazil: 1954–2019 Historical Data now available". bestsellingcarsblog.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  7. "Brazil best selling cars 2016. Chevrolet Onix is the star". www.focus2move.com. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  8. "Brazil 2019. Best selling cars ranking. The top 100". www.focus2move.com. 5 January 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  9. "Brazil 2020. Best selling cars ranking". www.focus2move.com. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
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