Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)

Former Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal, founder of the CPN (Unified Socialist)

The President of Nepal, on the recommendation of the council of ministers issued second amendment on political parties related act on 18 August 2021 relaxing the requirements to split parties with 20 percent or more members of the Parliamentary Party and the Central Committee of the political party.[14][15] However, this amendment has gained criticism from various constitutional experts and the public in general. Various writs have also been registered at the Supreme court requesting it's cancellation.

This same amendment opened the way to formalize the splits inside the dispute between two factions of Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal and CPN(UML) respectively. The CPN(UML) faction led by Madhav Kumar Nepal, and Jhala Nath Khanal, which had a long dispute with CPN(UML) chairman KP Sharma Oli, registered their party by the name 'CPN (Unified Socialist)' with the Election Commission.[16] Initially, the party proposed the name CPN UML (Socialist). However, the Election Commission requested him not to register with a preregistered name by including some adjectives.[17]

At the time of the launch of the CPN (Unified Socialist), the party "claimed" to have 31 members in the two national houses of parliament.[18] A Central Committee with 95 members was announced as well.[18][19] However, many politicians of the mother party CPN(UML) hadn't finalised their decision yet and some including Bamdev Gautam even claimed that their name has been placed without permission.[20] Madhav Kumar Nepal would act as the coordinator of the party.[21]

The decision of Nepal to form a new party was however met with a lot of criticisms from within his own faction. The 2nd generation leaders close to him boycotted the decision and instead sided with KP Sharma Oli for party unity. This faction included leaders like Yubaraj Gyawali, Asta Laxmi Shakya, Bhim Rawal, Ghanashyam Bhusal, Gokarna Bista, Bhim Acharya, Yogesh Bhattarai and standing committee members like Surendra Pandey, Raghuji Panta and Amrit Bohora.[22] They even attended the standing committee meeting of 8th Bhadra (along with the previously Maoist leaders) which called upon Nepal faction for party unity for a final time and instructed CPN UML to fulfill their 10 points demand.[23][24]

On the same day (8th Bhadra), Nepal arranged a meeting in Chandragiri Hills Resort where he presented the party's doctrine and announced that People's Multiparty Democracy would be their guiding philosophy.[25][26]

Party office of CPN (Unified Socialist)

Following the registration, the Election Commission had summoned CPN (Unified Socialist) on 9th Bhadra for authentication. As per the new provision the party had to present signatures 20% of either the central committee or the parliamentary party to authenticate the registration.[27] The party was able to meet the threshold with 55 out of 205 members of the central committee, but only 8 out of 33 of the National Assembly and 22 out of 121 of House of Representatives.[28]

Among these members, Pradeep Nepal, a central committee member who was earlier close to Oli, was present.[29] The signature of Jhalanath Khanal who signed it from Delhi was counted although the Election Commission had rejected his previous request to accept such signatures as he had been in Delhi for his kidney transplant.[30][31] However, the Election Commission rejected to accept the signatures of Som Prasad Pandey, Maya Gyawali and Sharada Devi Bhatta as they hadn't signed the earlier application for party registration.[32]

After the process, Met Mani Chaudhary, the party's MP claimed that the party would emerge as the country's largest political party within four months after merger with Dahal-led CPN (Maoist Centre) and possible mergers with the communist fronts led by Dr Baburam Bhattarai, Mohan Baidhya 'Kiran', Netra Bikram Chand 'Biplab' and other fringe parties.[33]

A twelve-member Secretariat (also known as High Command) of the party was created. It included:

• Chairperson: Madhav Kumar Nepal
• General secretary: Beduram Bhusal
• Members: Jhala Nath Khanal, Mukunda Neupane, Ram Chandra Jha, Rajendra Prasad Pandey, Pramesh Kumar Hamal, Jayanti Rai, Prakash Jwala, Gangalal Tuladhar, Bijay Paudel and Jagannath Khatiwada[34][35]

The 35 member Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau has been formed.[36]

A 71-member politburo has been formed after the formation of the standing committee and central committee.[36]

The central committee had a total of 301 members, formed on 24 September 2021.[36]

• Madhav Kumar Nepal

• Rajendra Prasad Pandey
• Pramesh Hamal
• Dhanendra Basnet
• Kedar Neupane
• Keshav Lal Shrestha
• Dharma Nath Shah
• Jayanti Rai

• Beduram Bhusal

• Prakash Jwala
• Gangalal Tuladhar
• Bijay Paudel

• Nagendra Chaudhary
• Jagannath Kahtiwada
• Rajendra Kumar Rai
• Ram Kumari Jhakri