Kolkata Circular Railway

The Calcutta Port Commissioners' Railway’(CPCR) was a broad gauge (BG) port railway that opened in stages from 1875 onwards serving the docks area of Calcutta along the bank of the Hooghly from Chitpur in the north to Kidderpore Docks in the south.[4][5]

The first CPCR line opened from Baghbazar, the then terminus of the Calcutta Municipal Railway to Meerbohur Ghat (present day Meer Bahar Ghat) in 1875. The Bagbazar terminus was connected northwards to the Cossipore Gun & Shell Factory near Chitpur on 1878.[4]

The line was extended southwards up to Kidderpore Docks and was opened to goods traffic by 1891. By 1893 the line was constructed up to Chetla. A branch line was also built in 1893 from Kidderpore Docks to Majerhat[4]

In the northern half, the Chitpur Terminus extension was built in 1903 and connected with Dum Dum.[6]

A loop line meant for goods traffic was built from Dum Dum junction to Dum Dum Cantonment via Patipukur on 1904.[6]

In the southern section the Budge Budge branch line was built from Ballygunge to Budge Budge. This line formed a connection to the CPCR lines at Majerhat and Brace Bridge junctions.[4][6]

In 1907 the Kankurgachi Chord line was built bypassing Sealdah and linking the northern and southern sections of the Eastern Bengal Railway.[6]

With the silting of Hooghly river and inaccessibility of bigger ships most of the CPCR lines fell into disuse while the growing population and traffic problems of Kolkata made planners to think of new commuting solutions. The Ginwala Committee of 1947 and the Garbutt Report of 1966 recommended forming a Circular railway with elevated tracks for lower expenses and easier construction for a north-south corridor.[7][8]

A high level Metropolitan Transport Team set up by the Planning Commission in 1965 to study the metropolitan transport requirements of Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras recommended in case of Calcutta, the construction of a part of circular railway known as suburban Dispersal Line (Dum-Dum to Princep Ghat) to facilitate the dispersal of the commuters arriving at the railway terminus at Sealdah and Howrah and a provision of Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) for catering to the intra-city traffic .[9]

As a result the Baghbazar-Prinsep Ghat line was rehabilitated and commissioned for passenger traffic on 15 August 1984. Services were subsequently extended northwards towards Tala and finally to Dum Dum by 17 June 1990.[10]

The Prinsep Ghat-Majerhat elevated section was commissioned in 2005 thus completing the Circular railway line.[11]

The Dum Dum Cantonment–Biman Bandar branch line was built by the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and was inaugurated on July 2006. Due to losses and poor patronage owing to the location of the station and odd timings of the services, the services on the line were closed down in 2016. The line was further dismantled in 2020 to make way for the Line 4 of the Kolkata Metro.[12]