Pyrocyon

Pyrocyon ("fire dog") is a genus of small carnivorous hyaenodontid that lived in North America during the early Eocene. Fossils of Pyrocyon have been found in Wyoming and Colorado.[6] Weight of Pyrocyon dioctetus has been estimated at around 2.6 kilograms.[7]

Pyrocyon
Temporal range: Wasatchian
lower jaw of Pyrocyon dioctetus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Genus: †Pyrocyon
Gingerich & Deustch, 1989
Type species
†Pyrocyon dioctetus
Gingerich & Deustch, 1989
Species
  • †Pyrocyon dioctetus (Gingerich & Deustch, 1989)[1]
  • †Pyrocyon strenuus (Cope, 1875)[2]
Synonyms
synonyms of genus:
  • Pirocyon (Lavrov, 1999)[3]
synonyms of species:
  • P. strenuus:
    • Prototomus strenuus (Cope, 1875)
    • Stypolophus aculeatus (Cope, 1881)
    • Stypolophus hians (Cope, 1877)
    • Stypolophus strenuus (Cope, 1880)
    • Stypolophus whiteae (Cope, 1882)[4]
    • Stypolophus whitiae (Cope, 1882)
    • Sinopa aculeata (Matthew, 1899)
    • Sinopa hians (Matthew, 1901)
    • Sinopa strenua (Matthew, 1899)
    • Sinopa strenuus (Matthew, 1901)
    • Sinopa whitiae (Cope, 1882)
    • Tritemnodon hians (Van Valen, 1965)[5]
    • Tritemnodon strenua (Van Valen, 1965)
    • Tritemnodon strenuus (Van Valen, 1965)
    • Tritemnodon whitiae (Matthew, 1906)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Pyrocyon are shown in the following cladogram.[8][9][10][11]

 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Eoproviverra

 
 
 
 

†Boualitomus

 
 

†Hyaenodonta sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

 
 

†Lahimia

 
 
 
 
 
 

†Arfiidae

 
 

†Limnocyonidae

 
 
 

†Sinopidae

 
 
 

†Hyaenodontoidea

 
 
 
 †Pyrocyon 
 

†Pyrocyon dioctetus

 
 

†Pyrocyon strenuus

 
 
 

†Gazinocyon

 
 
 

†Galecyon

 
 
 
 

†Indohyaenodontidae

 
 

†Glibzegdouia

 
 
 

†Parvavorodon

 
 
 
 

†Koholiidae

 
 

†Tritemnodon

 
 
 

†Furodon

 
 

†Kyawdawia

 
 

†Paratritemnodon

 
 

†Teratodontidae

 
 
†Hyainailouroidea
 

†Apterodontinae

 
 
 

†Orienspterodon

 
 
 
†Hyainailourinae
 
 

†Hemipsalodon

 
 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 
 †Akhnatenavus clade
 
 

†Akhnatenavus

 
 
 
 

†"Pterodon" africanus

 
 

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

 
 
 

†Paroxyaenini

 
 
†Hyainailourini
 

†Pterodontina

 
 

†Kerberos

 
 
 
 
 

†Falcatodon

 
 

†Sectisodon

 
 
 

†Exiguodon

 
 

†Isohyaenodon zadoki 

 
 
 
 
 
†Isohyaenodon 
(†Isohyaenodontina) 
 

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi 

 
 
 

†Sivapterodon

 
 

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis 

 
 
 
 

†Hyainailouros napakensis 

 

†Hyainailouros 

 
 
 

†Hyainailouros sulzeri 

 
 

†Hyainailourinae sp. (Arrdrift)

 
 
 

†Simbakubwa

 
 
 
 

†Mlanyama

 
 

†Metapterodontini

 
 
 
 

†Megistotherium

 
 

†Leakitheriini

 
 
 
 

†Pakakali

 
 

†Prionogalidae

 
 
 
 Hyainailouridae
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
†Lahimia clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade
 

References
  1. Gingerich, Philip D., and Harvey A. Deutsch (1989). "Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming". Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 27 (13): 327–391.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. E. D. Cope. (1875.) "Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874." Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army 5-37
  3. A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
  4. E. D. Cope (1882.) "Contributions to the history of the Vertebrata of the lower Eocene of Wyoming and New Mexico, made during 1881." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20(111):139-197
  5. L. Van Valen (1965.) "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)." Palaeontology 8(4):638-665
  6. Paleobiology Database: Pyrocyon
  7. Egi, Naoko (2001). "Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids" (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497–528.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  8. Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  9. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
  10. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  11. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. in press. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
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