Röddinge Formation

Röddinge Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Sinemurian-Late Toarcian
~
Röddinge Formation; Stratigraphic range: Late Sinemurian-Late Toarcian; ~
Type	Formation
Unit of	Vomb Trough
Underlies	Mariedal Formation; Annero Formation;
Overlies	Unknow Hettangian deposits
Thickness	Up to 300 m (980 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Limonite and Chamosite-cemented Quartz arenites containing abundant chamosite ooids.
Other	Berthierine, Siderite and Iron ooids.
Location
Region	East Skåne County
Country	Sweden
Type section
Named for	Röddinge
	Röddinge Formation (Sweden)

The Röddinge Formation is a geologic formation in Skåne County, southern Sweden. It is Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Toarcian) in age.[1] It is a unit with a limited degree of exposure, being identified mostly by its deposits on the Fyledalen Fault Zone, specially on Kurremölla, where is present the main fossil deposit.[2] It is a unit known mostly for large museum collections and estimated to have a thickness of several hundreds of meters.[3] It is also known for its large iron deposits.[2] It is correlated with the mostly marine Rya Formation of western Skåne County, the Volcanic deposits of the Djupadal Formation and specially the Sorthat Formation of Bornholm.[4][5]

Lithology

A profile up to 300 m thick was described on 1968 from the Eriksdal-Kurremölla area, dated Pliensbachian-Toarcian.[6] The Pliensbachian levels where dominated by sands and sandstones of marine origin, hosting a highly fossiliferous bed containing a rich mollusc fauna.[6] A Sinemurian layer assigned to the formation was also found on other works.[3] The Röddinge formation has a great abundance of Limonite and Chamosite quartz arenites, fine-to medium-grained, with subordinate thin conglomerates.[1] Sediments related to the unit are found consolidated by Berthierine or Siderite cement, with berthierine oolites being common on the layers.[1] These ooids are rather small on most of the successions, around 0.3 mm in diameter and ellipsoidal in shape, having cores composed by detrital quartz or heavy minerals.[1] The deposits of the formation evidence strong degradation by modern weathering and have a red, brown or yellow stain (iron hydroxides).[1] The deposits not affected by erosion are known from boreholes and host greyish dark green facies due to the content of berthierine and siderite.[1] The iron contents differ based on the weathering grade of the layers: on weathered sandstones is about a 8–10%, then is in up to 20% in the oolites, and finally at the major fossiliferous deposit on Kurremölla a 1.7 m thick oolite bed has an iron content of up to 35%.[1] Owing to this high content in iron, the Kurremölla locality was mined from 1930 to 1937, although there was not enough iron supply and enrichments were too dispersed in the source rock, which led to it not being economically viable to maintain the mining process for very long.[7][8] The presence of mostly poor exposures has made mostly impossible to do detailed facies analysis, although is suggested that the sediments come from prolonged reworking.[1]

Fossils

The Röddinge formation is considered mostly a coeval developing unit with the Jurassic formations of Bornholm, as both where connected as part of the Fennoscandian mainland.[5] The unit is considered to be part of the fluvial to deltaic system found also or Bornholm.[5] However, as happened on the Hasle Formation, the Röddinge formation hosted a major marine ingression at least on the Lower-Middle Pliensbachian (jamesoni subzone).[9] The main fossiliferous content of the formation comes from marine influence, clearly indicated by finds of ammonites and crinoids.[7] After this event, in the Toarcian the formation developed along the Sorthat Formation, forming both part of the large deltaic system that ended on northern Germany.[10] There is also suggestions that towards the west a lake system was developed, covering the marine basin after the local Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian regression.[2] This lake system is evidenced on several boreholes, and was probably developed on the western lateral of the major fluvial system recorded locally and on Bornholm.[2] Like the Sorthat Formation, this upper unit also hosts possible coal beds.[2] Both, the lake and the fluvial system layers host iron ooids that indicate diagenetic precipitation, prior to and during sediment compaction.[1] This is also found on the Rydebäck and Katslösa Members of the Rya Formation, and has been suggested that the volcanic activity developed on the coeval Djupadal Formation may have stimulated the process.[1]

Annelida

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References	Images
Serpula	Serpula terquemi	Kurremölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Trace fossils; polychaete encrusters in rock	A sessile, marine annelid tube worm of the family Serpulidae. The holotype of this species was found on this layers, is also recovered on coeval strata of the Rya Formation.	[11][12]	Head of a modern Serpula vermicularis

Echinodermata

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References	Images
Pentacrinites	Pentacrinites subteroides Pentacrinites patulus Pentacrinites cf. basaltiformis Pentacrinites cf. subteroides Pentacrinites sp.	Kurremölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Columnals	A Crinoid, type member of the family Pentacrinitidae inside Isocrinida. A great amount of specimens are know from the layers, showing mostly of them signs of being washed by marine currents.	[11][12]	Reconstructed specimens

Bivalves

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References
Palaeoneilo	Palaeoneilo bornholmiensis	Kurremölla Kullemölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine clam, incertade sedis inside Nuculanida. This species is know from Kurremölla and Kullemölla as well as on the Hasle Formation of the island of Bornholm, correlating both coeval deposits.	[11][12]
Rollieria	Rollieria bronni	Kurremölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine clam, incertade sedis inside Nuculanida. A lower jurassic genus pretty abundant on Kurremölla, more than on any other deposit on Skane.	[11][12]
Trigonia	Trigonia primaeva	Kurremölla Rödmölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine clam, type member of the family Trigoniidae inside Trigoniida. Was first identified from Kurremölla but named from coeval specimens found on the Rya Formation.	[11][12]
Astarte	Astarte angelini Astarte fructuum Astarte deltoidea Astarte erdmanni	Kurremölla Rödmölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine clam, type member of the family Astartidae inside Carditida. The holotype of A. angelini and A. deltoidea was identified on Kurremölla.	[11][12]
Tancredia	Tancredia lineata	Kurremölla Rödmölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine clam, type member of the family Tancrediidae inside Carditida.	[11][12]
Sphaeriola	Sphaeriola kurremolinae	Kurremölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine clam, member of the family Lucinidae inside Lucinida. As the species name suggest, was found first on Kurremölla	[11][12]
Homomya	Homomya librata	Kurremölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine clam, member of the family Pholadomyidae inside Pholadomyida.	[11][12]
Grammatodon	Grammatodon cypriniformis	Kurremölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine clam, member of the family Parallelodontidae inside Arcida.	[11][12]
Tutcheria	Tutcheria cingulata	Kurremölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine clam, member of the family Carditidae inside Carditida. Mistake as Cardium sp., is the most abundant genus on the layer of the same name.	[11][12]
Terquemia	Terquemia arietis	Kurremölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine scallop, member of the family Prospondylidea inside Pterioida.	[11][12]
Oxytoma	Oxytoma inaequivalvis	Kurremölla Kullemölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine scallop, type member of the family Oxytomidae inside Pectinida.	[11][12]
Entolium	Entolium lundgreni	Kurremölla Rödmölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine scallop, type member of the family Entoliidae inside Pectinida.	[11][12]
Pseudomonotis	Pseudomonotis oblonga	Rödmölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine scallop, type member of the family Pseudomonotidae inside Pectinida.	[11][12]
Avicula	Avicula lecta Avicula anserina	Rödmölla	Cardium Bank, Middle Pliensbachian	Low energy and scarce depth nearshore settings	Shells	A marine pearl oyster, member of the family Pteriidae inside Ostreida.	[11][12]

Gastropoda

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References	Images
Turbo	Turbo solarium	Kurremölla Kullemölla Rödmölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	A marine Snail, type member of the family Turbinidae inside Turbinoidea.	[11][12]

Cephalopoda

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References
Uptonia	Uptonia jamesoni Uptonia angusta Uptonia sp. juv	Kurremölla Kullemölla Rödmölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	An ammonite, member of the family Polymorphitidae inside Ammonitida. The main indicator of a coeval sea ingression.	[3][11][12]
Polymorphites	Polymorphites sp. indet.	Kurremölla Kullemölla Rödmölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	An ammonite, type member of the family Polymorphitidae inside Ammonitida.	[3][11]
Pseudohastites	Pseudohastites charmouthensis	Kurremölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Shells	An belemnite, member of the family Passaloteuthididae inside Belemnitida.	[11][12]

Chondrichthyes

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References	Images
Acrodus	Acrodus nobilis	Kurremölla Rödmölla	Jamesoni Zone, Lower Pliensbachian	High energy marginal marine derived from sea ingression	Teeth	An marine/brackish shark, type member of the family Acrodontidae inside Hybodontiformes. Indicator of marine conditions locally	[3][11][12]

Palynology

Genus	Species	Location	Level	Environment	Material	Notes	References	Images
Botryococcus	Botryococcus sp.	Kullemölla	Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Miospores	Type Genus of the Botryococcaceae inside Trebouxiales. A colonial green microalga related with freshwater and brackish ponds and lakes around the world, where it often can be found in large floating masses.	[13]	Extant specimens
Campenia	Campenia gigas		Lower Toarcian	Temporal Brackish Ingression on Lacustrine Body	Miospores	Affinities with the Prasinophyceae inside Chlorophyta. A Green algae associated with marine settings.
Densoisporites	Densoisporites velatus		Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Miospores	Affinities with Pleuromeiaceae, Selaginellaceae and Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida.
Calamospora	Calamospora mesozoica		Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Miospores	Affinities with the Calamitaceae inside Equisetales. Horsetails, herbaceous flora related to high humid environments, flooding tolerant plants.		Recosntruction of the Genus Calamites, found associated with Calamospora
Ischyosporites	Ischyosporites crateris		Late Pliensbachian-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp	Miospores	Incertade Sedis affinities with the Pteridophyta. Uncertain Pteridophyte origin
Klukisporites	Klukisporites lacunus		Late Pliensbachian-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp	Miospores	Affinities with the family Lygodiaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Climbing fern spores		Example of extant Lygodium, Klukisporites come probably from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus
Contignisporites	Contignisporites cooksoniae		Late Pliensbachian-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp	Miospores	Affinities with the Pteridaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Forest Ferns from humid ground locations		Example of extant Pityrogramma specimens, Contignisporites come probably from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus
Baculatisporites	Baculatisporites comaumensis		Late Pliensbachian-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp	Miospores	Affinities with the family Osmundaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Near Fluvial currents ferns, reted to the modern Osmunda Regalis.		Example of extant Osmunda specimens, Baculatisporites come probably from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus
Todisporites	Todisporites sp.		Late Pliensbachian-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp	Miospores	Affinities with the family Osmundaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Near Fluvial currents ferns, reted to the modern Osmunda Regalis.
Matonisporites	Matonisporites sp.		Late Pliensbachian-Late Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp Fluvial Indet.	Miospores	Affinities with the Matoniaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Fern spores from lower herbaceous flora		Example of extant Matonia specimens, Matonisporites come probably from similar genera
Cyathidites	Cyathidites australis Cyathidites minor		Late Pliensbachian-Late Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Coal Swamp Fluvial Indet.	Miospores	Affinities with the family Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Arboreal Fern Spores		Example of extant Cyathea, Cyathidites come probably from similar genera
Alisporites	Alisporites bilateralis		Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Pollen	Affinities with the families Peltaspermaceae, Corystospermaceae or Umkomasiaceae inside Peltaspermales. Pollen of Uncertain provenance, that can be derived from any of the members of the Peltaspermales.
Vitreisporites	Vitreisporites pallidus		Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Pollen	Pollen from the Family Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Caytoniaceae are a complex group of Mesozoic Fossil floras, that can be related to both Peltaspermales and Ginkgoaceae.
Chasmatosporites	Chasmatosporites hians Chasmatosporites major'		Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Pollen	Affinities with the family Cycadaceae inside Cycadales. Is among the most abundant flora recovered on the upper section of the coeval Rya Formation, and was found to be similar to the pollen of the extant Encephalartos laevifolius.[14]		Extant Encephalartos laevifolius. Chasmatosporites maybe come from a related plant
Clavatipollenites	Clavatipollenites hughesii Clavatipollenites sp.		Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Pollen	Affinities with Gnetopsida and probably Gnetophyta. Has Been considered Pollen of Chloranthaceae. However, it is to old for belonging to advanced Angiosperms. It probably comes from cones related to the Genera Piroconites kuesperti from the Lowermost Jurassic of Germany, resembling pollen of extant Ephedra and Welwitschia.		Closer Look of Ephedra cones, a common Gnetal. Clavatipollenites maybe come from a related plant
Ginkgocycadophytus	Ginkgocycadophytus nitidus		Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Pollen	Affinities with Ginkgoales inside Ginkgophyta.		Extant Ginkgo, only surviving example of the Ginkgoaceae. Ginkgocycadophytus Pollen is pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Cerebropollenites	Cerebropollenites mesozoicus		Lower-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Swamp Indet.	Pollen	Affinities with the family Pinaceae inside Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants		Extant Picea. Cerebropollenites maybe come from a related plant
Parvisaccites	Parvisaccites radiatus		Lower-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Swamp Indet.	Pollen	Affinities with the Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants		Extant Podocarpus. Parvisaccites maybe come from a related plant
Podocarpidites	Podocarpidites sp.		Late Pliensbachian-Late Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Swamp Indet. Fluvial Indet.	Pollen	Affinities with the Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants
Perinopollenites	Perinopollenites elatoides		Lower-Middle Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Swamp Indet.	Pollen	Affinities with the family Cupressaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen that resembles extant genera such as the Genus Actinostrobus and Austrocedrus, probably derived from Dry environments. Is the most abundant Pollen found locally, as on the coeval Djupadal Formation		Extant Austrocedrus. Exesipollenites and Perinopollenites maybe come from a related plant
Classopollis	Classopollis classoides		Late Pliensbachian-Late Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore Swamp Indet. Fluvial Indet.	Pollen	Affinities with the Hirmeriellaceae inside Pinopsida. Indicative of dry environments, increases after the start of the Toarcian locally.
Araucariacites	Araucariacites australis		Late Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian	Low energy lacustrine Shore	Pollen	Affinities with the family Araucariaceae inside Pinales. Conifer Pollen from medium to large Arboreal Plants		Extant Araucaria. Araucariacites maybe come from a related plant

References

Ahlberg, A., Sivhed, U., & Erlström, M. (2003). The Jurassic of Skåne, southern Sweden. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin, 1, 527-541.
Norling, E., Ahlberg, A., Erlström, M. & Sivhed, U. 1993: Guide to the Upper Triassic and Jurassic geology of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca 82, 71 pp.
Reyment, R. 1959: On Liassic ammonites from Skåne, southern Sweden. Stockholm Contributions in Geology 2(6), 103–157.
Vajda, V., & Wigforss-Lange, J. (2009). Onshore Jurassic of Scandinavia and related areas. GFF, 131(1-2), 5-23.
Michelsen, O., Nielsen, L. H., Johannessen, P. N., Andsbjerg, J., & Surlyk, F. (2003). Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin, 1, 145-216.
Tralau (1968): Botanical investigations in the Fossil Flora of Eriksdal in Fyledalen, Scania. - Sver. geol. unders.C633, 185 pp. S tockholm.
Hadding, A. 1933: Den järnmalmsförande lagerserien i sydöstra Skåne. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie C 376, 39 pp.
Erlström, M. (2020). Chapter 24 Carboniferous–Neogene tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian transition zone, southern Sweden. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 50(1), 603–620. doi:10.1144/m50-2016-25
Barth, G., Pieńkowski, G., Zimmermann, J., Franz, M., & Kuhlmann, G. (2018). Palaeogeographical evolution of the Lower Jurassic: high-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the Central European Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 469(1), 341-369.
Sachs, S., Hornung, J. J., Lierl, H. J., & Kear, B. P. (2016). Plesiosaurian fossils from Baltic glacial erratics: evidence of Early Jurassic marine amniotes from the southwestern margin of Fennoscandia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 434(1), 149-163.
Moberg, J.C. 1888: Om Lias i sydöstra Skåne. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie C 99, 86 pp.
Troedsson, G., 1951: On the Hoganas Series of Sweden (Rhaeto-Lias). Lunds Univ. Arsskr.. N.F., 2 47(1)
Guy-Ohlson, D. (1982) Biostratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic-Cretaceous unconformity at Kullemolla Southern Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersжkning, Serie C Vol. 52 P. 1- 46
Guy-Ohlson, D.. 1988. The use of dispersed palynomorphs referable to the form genus Chasmatosporites (Nilsson) Pocock and Jansonius, in Jurassic biostratigraphy. Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia 3. 5- 13.

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[Jurask-1] Ahlberg, A., Sivhed, U., & Erlström, M. (2003). The Jurassic of Skåne, southern Sweden. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin, 1, 527-541.

[MainA-2] Norling, E., Ahlberg, A., Erlström, M. & Sivhed, U. 1993: Guide to the Upper Triassic and Jurassic geology of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie Ca 82, 71 pp.

[Ammonites-3] Reyment, R. 1959: On Liassic ammonites from Skåne, southern Sweden. Stockholm Contributions in Geology 2(6), 103–157.

[Ons-4] Vajda, V., & Wigforss-Lange, J. (2009). Onshore Jurassic of Scandinavia and related areas. GFF, 131(1-2), 5-23.

[Denmark-5] Michelsen, O., Nielsen, L. H., Johannessen, P. N., Andsbjerg, J., & Surlyk, F. (2003). Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin, 1, 145-216.

[Prof-6] Tralau (1968): Botanical investigations in the Fossil Flora of Eriksdal in Fyledalen, Scania. - Sver. geol. unders.C633, 185 pp. S tockholm.

[Min-7] Hadding, A. 1933: Den järnmalmsförande lagerserien i sydöstra Skåne. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie C 376, 39 pp.

[8] Erlström, M. (2020). Chapter 24 Carboniferous–Neogene tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian transition zone, southern Sweden. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 50(1), 603–620. doi:10.1144/m50-2016-25

[ingres-9] Barth, G., Pieńkowski, G., Zimmermann, J., Franz, M., & Kuhlmann, G. (2018). Palaeogeographical evolution of the Lower Jurassic: high-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the Central European Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 469(1), 341-369.

[Toar-10] Sachs, S., Hornung, J. J., Lierl, H. J., & Kear, B. P. (2016). Plesiosaurian fossils from Baltic glacial erratics: evidence of Early Jurassic marine amniotes from the southwestern margin of Fennoscandia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 434(1), 149-163.

[Biota1-11] Moberg, J.C. 1888: Om Lias i sydöstra Skåne. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Serie C 99, 86 pp.

[Biota2-12] Troedsson, G., 1951: On the Hoganas Series of Sweden (Rhaeto-Lias). Lunds Univ. Arsskr.. N.F., 2 47(1)

[13] Guy-Ohlson, D. (1982) Biostratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic-Cretaceous unconformity at Kullemolla Southern Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersжkning, Serie C Vol. 52 P. 1- 46

[14] Guy-Ohlson, D.. 1988. The use of dispersed palynomorphs referable to the form genus Chasmatosporites (Nilsson) Pocock and Jansonius, in Jurassic biostratigraphy. Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia 3. 5- 13.