Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark

Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced.[1]^{: 251–271} An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Origen, writing in the 3rd century, was one of the first who made remarks about differences between manuscripts of texts that were eventually collected as the New Testament.[1]^: 200 He declared his preferences among variant readings. For example, in Matthew 27:16–17, he favored "Barabbas" against "Jesus Barabbas" (In Matt. Comm. ser. 121).[1]^: 201 In John 1:28, he preferred "Bethabara" over "Bethany" as the location where John was baptizing (Commentary on John VI.40 (24)).[1]^: 201 "Gergeza" was preferred over "Geraza" or "Gadara" (Commentary on John VI.40 (24) – see Matthew 8:28).[1]^: 201

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text.[1]^: 253 If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography).[1]^: 254 If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission.[1]^{: 253–254} They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context.[1]^: 257 In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location.[1]^: 257 Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading.[1]^: 257 Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said").[1]^{: 254–257} John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus[2] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."[3] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.[4]

Legend

A guide to the symbols used in the body of this article.

# beginning with 0: uncial
# not beginning with 0: minuscule
arab: Arabic versions
arm: Armenian versions
𝔐/Byz: Byzantine text-type
cop: Coptic versions
eth: Ethiopic versions
ƒ: Greek manuscripts family
geo: Georgian versions
goth: Gothic versions
it: Italic/Vetus Latina
lat: most Italic and Vulgate
latt: all Italic and Vulgate
ms: individual manuscript
mss: multiple manuscripts
${\mathfrak {P}}$ : papyrus
𝑙: individually numbered lectionary
Lect: most or all numbered lectionaries
parenthesized (): approximate reading
rell: all other extant manuscripts
slav: Slavic versions
syr/sy^s/h/p: Syriac versions
vg: Latin Vulgate
vid: apparent but uncertain reading

Notable manuscripts

${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵: Papyrus 45 (P45)
א: Codex Sinaiticus (01)
A: Codex Alexandrinus (02)
B: Codex Vaticanus (03)
C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (04)
D^ea: Codex Bezae (05)
D^p: Codex Claromontanus (06)
K^e: Codex Cyprius (017)
K^ap: Codex Mosquensis I (018)
L^e: Codex Regius (New Testament) (019)
L^ap: Codex Angelicus (020)
P^apr: Codex Porphyrianus (025)
S: Codex Vaticanus 354 (028)
V: Codex Mosquensis II (031)
W: Codex Washingtonianus (032)
Z: Codex Dublinensis (035)
Γ: Codex Tischendorfianus IV (036)
Δ: Codex Sangallensis 48 (037)
Θ: Codex Koridethi (038)
Ξ: Codex Zacynthius (040)
Π: Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament) (041)
Φ: Codex Beratinus (043)
Ψ: Codex Athous Lavrensis (044)
Ω: Codex Athous Dionysiou (045)
ff¹: Codex Corbeiensis I
ff²: Codex Corbeiensis II
g¹: Codex Sangermanensis I
k: Codex Bobiensis

[1]^{: 54, 62–86, 102–103}

Textual variants

For a list of many variants not noted here, see the ECM of Mark.

Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark

5 Textual variants in Mark 1

Codex Boreelianus, Mark 1:1-5a

Mark 1:2

ἐν τοῖς προφήταις (in prophets) – A W ƒ¹³ Byz

ἐν τῷ Ἠσαἲᾳ τῷ προφήτῃ (in Isaiah the prophet) – א B L D

ἐν Ἠσαἲᾳ τῷ προφήτῃ (in Isaiah prophet) – D Θ ƒ¹

Mark 1:8

ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (with the Holy Spirit) – א A D K W Δ Θ Π ƒ¹ ƒ¹³

πνεύματι ἁγίῳ – B L

ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί (with the Holy Spirit and fire) – P 1195. 1241 ℓ 44 sy^h

Mark 1:13

καὶ ἦν ἐν τῇ ερημω (he was in the wilderness) – א A B D L Θ 33. 579. 892. 1342.

καὶ ἦν ἐκει ἐν τῇ ερημω (he was there in the wilderness) – W Δ 157. 1241. Byz

καὶ ἦν ἐκει (he was there) – 28. 517. 565. 700. ƒ¹ Family Π syr^s

Omit – ƒ¹³

Hiatus – C Ψ syr^c

Mark 1:14

εὐαγγέλιον – א B L Θ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 28. 33. 565. 892

εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας – Α, D Κ, W Δ Π 074 0133 0135 28^mg, 700. 1009. 1010. 1071. 1079. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1241. 1242. 1253. 1344. 1365. 1546. 1646. 2148. 2174. Byz, Lect, lat, syr^p, cop^bo

Mark 1:41

σπλαγχνισθεις (filled with compassion) – All manuscripts except those listed below

οργισθεις (irritated; angry) – D a ff² r¹

2 Textual variants in Mark 2

Mark 2:16

ἐσθίει (eating) - B D W it^{a, b, d, e, ff², r¹}, u[w]

ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει (eating and drinking) - 𝔓⁸⁸ A ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 2. 28. 33. 157. 180. 597. 892. 1006. 1010. 1292. 1505.

{\mathfrak {M}}

/ Byz E F H Lect it^q, vg^ms, syr^p,h, cop^{sa^ms}, [w]τ

ἐσθίεται (=ἐσθίετε?) (eating) - Θ

ἐσθίει ό διδάσκαλος ύμων (your teacher eating) - (see Mt 9:11) א 1342. it^aur, vg^ms (Origen^lat), DHH

ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει ό διδάσκαλος ύμων (eating and drinking, your teacher) - L Δ ƒ¹³ 1071. 1243. 1346. it^(c),f, vg, cop^bo, Augustine

ἐσθίετε καὶ πίνετε ([are you] eating and drinking) - (see Lk 5:30) Σ 124. 565. 700. 1241. 1424. ℓ 547ℓ 866 sry^pal, arm, geo, Diatessaron

ἐσθίειτε καὶ πίνειτε ([are you] eating and drinking) - G

ό διδάσκαλος ύμων ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει (your teacher eating and drinking) - C 579 ℓ 890 it¹, cop^{sa^mss}, eth

ἐσθίετε ([are you] eating) - 1424.

Mark 2:26

ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθαρ ἀρχιερέως (when Abiatar was high priest) – א A B K L 892. 1010. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1242. 1344. 1365. 1646. 2174. Byz, ℓ 69 ℓ 70 ℓ 76 ℓ 80 ℓ 150 ℓ 299 ℓ 1127 ℓ 1634 ℓ 1761 arm

ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθαρ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως (when Abiatar was high priest) – A C Θ Π 074

ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθαρ τοῦ ἱερέως (when Abiatar was priest) – Δ it^f

phrase is omitted by manuscripts D W 1009. 1546. it^{a, b, d, e, ff², i, r¹, t}, syr^s

2 Textual variants in Mark 3

Mark 3:7

ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἠκολούθησεν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας - B L 565. 728.^vid

ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας - 61.^c 427. 555.^c 732. 892. ℓ 950 Byz

ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας - Φ^vid 0211 ƒ^13:^{(13. 346. 543. 826.)} 4. 23. 154. 179. 273. 349. 351. 372. 382. 513. 517. 544. 695. 716. 733. 752. 766. 780. 792. 803. 873. 954. 979. 1009. 1047. 1084. 1241. 1326. 1337. 1396. 1424. 1506. 1515. 1546. 1645. 1654. 1675. 2538. 2737. 2766. ℓ 211 ℓ 387 ℓ 770 ℓ 773 ℓ 2211 sy^h

ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἠκολούθησαν - א C

ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ - Δ 377. 1071. 1342.

ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου - ƒ^1:^{(1. 131. 205.)} 1253. (ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας) 2193.* 2886.

καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων - 118. 209. 1582.

Mark 3:14

δώδεκα, ἵνα ὦσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ - C^c2 L ƒ^1:^{(1. 205. 209. 1582.)} 33. 382. 427. 544. 565. 579. 732. 740. 792. 892. 1342. 1424. 2193. 2542. 2766. 2886. ℓ 950 Byz

ἵνα ὦσιν δώδεκα μετʼ αὐτοῦ - D 79.

δώδεκα, ἵνα ὦσιν περὶ αὐτὸν - 700.

δώδεκαμαθητας ἵνα ὦσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν - W

δώδεκα οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν ἵνα ὦσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ - א B (ὁνόμασεν - Θ ƒ^13:^{(13. 124. 346. 543. 788. 826. 828. 1689.)} 69. 238. 377. 807. 983. 1160. sy^h(ms)

ἵνα ὦσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ δώδεκα οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν - Δ

δώδεκα, ἵνα ὦσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ και ἵνα ἀποστέλλει αὐτοὺς οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν - Φ^vid

3 Textual variants in Mark 4

Mark 4:19

η αγαπη του πλουτου (the love of wealth) – Δ

η απατη του πλουτου (the illusion of wealth) – א A B C E Byz

απαται του πλουτου (the illusions of wealth) – W

απαται του κοσμου (the illusions of world) – D (Θ 565.)

Mark 4:19

και αι περι τα λοιπα επιθυμιαι (and the desire for other things) – rest of mss

omit – D (Θ) W ƒ¹ 28. (565. 700.) it

Mark 4:24

καὶ προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν – א B C L Δ 700. 892.

καὶ προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν – A K Π 0107 Byz

omit – codices D W 565.

3 Textual variants in Mark 5

Mark 5:9

απεκριθη λεγων – E 565. 700. 1010.

απεκριθη – D

λεγει αυτω – rest of mss.

Mark 5:9

λεγιων ονομα μοι – א B C L Δ

λεγεων – A W Θ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ Byz

Mark 5:37

ουδενα μετ' αυτου συνακολουθεσαι – א B C L Δ 892.

ουδενα αυτω συνακολουθεσαι – A Θ 0132 0133^c ƒ¹³ Byz

ουδενα αυτω παρακολουθεσαι – D W 0133* ƒ¹ 28. 565. 700. pc

ουδενα αυτω ακολουθεσαι – A K 33. 1241. al

3 Textual variants in Mark 6

Mark 6:3[5]

ο αδελφος Ἰακώβου - 565. 700. 892.^c (Θ 2542.) lat

και ἀδελφὸς Ἰακώβου – B C Δ 579. 1241. 1424.

και ο αδελφος Ἰακώβου - א D L 892.* sa^ms bo^pt

ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἰακώβου – A K N W ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 28. Byz q sy^h sa^ms

Mark 6:33

ἐκεῖ καὶ προῆλθον αὐτούς – א B 0187 (omit εκει), 892. ℓ 49 ℓ 69 ℓ 70 ℓ 299 ℓ 303 ℓ 333 ℓ 1579 (ℓ 950 αυτους), it^aur, vg, (cop^sa,bo)

ἐκει καὶ προσηλθον αὐτοῖς – L 1241 (Δ Θ ℓ 10 αὐτοῖς) ℓ 12 ℓ 80 ℓ 184 ℓ 211 ℓ 1127 arm, geo

ἐκεῖ καὶ συνῆλθον αὐτῷ – D^gr it^b

ἐκεῖ καὶ συνῆλθον αὐτοῦ – 28. 700.

ἐκεῖ καὶ ἢλθον αὐτοῦ – 565. it^(a),d,ff,i,r, Diatessaron

καὶ ἢλθον ἐκεῖ – ƒ¹

προηλθον αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ – Peshitta

πρὸς αὐτούς καὶ συνῆλθον πρὸς αὐτον – 33.

ἐκεῖ καὶ προῆλθον αὐτοῖς καὶ συνῆλθον πρὸς αὐτον – K Π (ƒ¹³ συνεισηλθον προς αὐτούς) 1009. 1010. 1071. 1079. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1242. 1365. 1546. 1646. 2148. 2174. Byz

ἐκεῖ καὶ προῆλθον αὐτοῖς καὶ συνέδραμον πρὸς αὐτον – A

ἐκει – W ℓ 150 it^c

Mark 6:51

ἐξίσταντο – א B L Δ 28. 892. it^{c, ff², i, l} vg syr^s cop^{sa, bo}, geo

ἐξεπλήσσοντο – ƒ¹

ἐξίσταντο καὶ ἐθαύμαζον – A D K W X Θ Π ƒ¹³ 33. 565. 700. 1009. 1010. 1079. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1241. 1242. 1253. 1344. 1365. 1546. 1646. 2148. 2174. Byz, Lect

ἐθαύμαζον καὶ ἐξίσταντο – 517. 1424.

2 Textual variants in Mark 7

Mark 7:2

πυγμη – A B D K L X Θ Π

πυκνα – א W vg

omit – Δ syr^s sa

Mark 7:16

verse is omitted by א Β L Δ 28.

1 Textual variants in Mark 8

Mark 8:10

τὰ μέρη Δαλμανουθά – א A Β C K L X Δ Π 0131 33. 700. 892. 1009. 1010. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1242. 1253. 1344. 1365. 1546. 1646. 2148. 2174. Byz, Lect, it, vg, syr, cop

τὰ ὂρη Δαλμανουθά – 1071

τὸ ὂρος Δαλμανοῦναι – W

τὰ ὅρια Δαλμανουθά – 1241

τὸ ὂρος Μαγεδά – 28

τὰ ὅρια Μελεγαδά – D^gr

τὰ μέρη Μαγδαλά – Θ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ ℓ 80

τὰ μέρη Μαγεδά – 565.

1 Textual variants in Mark 9

Mark 8:35-9:1 in Papyrus 45.

Mark 9:49

πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – (א εν πυρι) B L W Δ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 28 565. 700. ℓ260 syr^s sa

πασα γαρ θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – D it

πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – A (C εν πυρι) K (X πυρι αλι αλισθησεται) Π (Ψ θυσια αναλωθησεται)

πας γαρ πυρι αναλωθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται – Θ

3 Textual variants in Mark 10

Mark 10:1[6]

εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, (to the region/border of Judea, and/also/even/namely beyond the Jordan,) – Alexandrian text-type: Westcott and Hort 1881, Westcott and Hort / [NA27 and UBS4 variants], Tischendorf 8th Edition 1864–94, Nestle 1904

εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰουδαίας διὰ τοῦ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου· (to the region/border of Judea by/through the [land] beyond the Jordan.) – Byz: Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550, Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894, RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005, Greek Orthodox Church

Mark 10:2

προσελθόντες Φαρισαῖοι (the Pharisees came) – A B K L Γ Δ Ψ ƒ¹³ 28. 700. 892. 1010. 1079. 1546. 1646. Byz cop^bo goth

προσελθόντες οἱ Φαρισαῖοι (word order varies) – א C X

verse omitted by D a, b, d, k, r¹, syr^sin (syr^cur)

Mark 10:47

Ναζαρηνός – B L W Δ Θ Ψ

Ναζορηνός – D

Ναζωρινός – 28

Ναζωραιός – א A C

1 Textual variants in Mark 11

Mark 11:26

Verse omitted by א B L W Δ Ψ 565. 700. 892. 1216. k, l, syr^s,pal, cop

Verse included by K X Θ Π 28. Byz

1 Textual variants in Mark 12

Mark 12:19

τέκνον - א^c2a B L W Δ Θ Codex Athous Lavrensis ƒ^1:^{(1. 118. 205. 209. 872. 1582.)} 579. 700. 892. 1093. 1342. 1654. 2193. 2542. 2786. 2886. it

τέκνα -

{\mathfrak {P}}

⁴⁵ D ƒ^13:^{(13. 69. 124. 346. 543. 788. 826. 828. 983. 1689.)} 28. 427. 565. 732. 740. 792. 1424. 1542.^s 1593. ℓ 950 Byz lat sy^s,^h,^p co go eth

1 Textual variants in Mark 13

Mark 13:32

οὐδὲ ὁ υἱός - All manuscripts except those cited below

omit - X 389. 983. 1273. 1689. vg^ms

5 Textual variants in Mark 14

Mark 14:30

πρὶν ἢ δὶς ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι (before that the rooster has crowed twice) – A Byz[7]

πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι (before the rooster has crowed) – א[8] C* aeth, arm, Western text-type: D cu2 lat.afr-eur[7]

Mark 14:39

τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον εἰπών (spoke the same words) – omitted by D a, b, c, d, ff², k, (syr^cur)

Mark 14:68

καὶ άλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν (and the rooster crowed) – inserted by Western and Byzantine text-types after προαύλιον; not found in Alexandrian text-type (א B L it, 17 c, me)[7]

Mark 14:72a

εὐθὺς (immediately) – Alexandrian text-type; omitted by Byz[9]

ἐκ δευτέρου (for the second time) – omitted by א c, L c, vg.cod[7]

Mark 14:72b

πριν αλεκτορα φωνηϲαι τριϲ με απαρνηϲη (before the rooster has crowed thrice me you will have denied) – א c;[10] several other mss also omit δίς (twice)[7]

mss such as A and Byz do include δίς (twice),[7] but in varying word orders:[9]

Πρὶν ἀλέκτορα δὶς φωνῆσαι τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ (before the rooster twice has crowed thrice me you will have denied) – Westcott and Hort 1881, Westcott and Hort / [NA27 and UBS4 variants], Nestle 1904

Πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι δίς, ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς (before the rooster has crowed twice, you will have denied me thrice) – Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550, Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894, RP Byzantine Majority Text 2005, Greek Orthodox Church

πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι δὶς τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ (before the rooster has crowed twice thrice me you will have denied) – Tischendorf 8th Edition 1864–94

4 Textual variants in Mark 15

Mark 15:28

Verse omitted by א B C D Ψ k syr^s cop

Mark 15:34 (see Ps 22:2)

ἐγκατέλιπές με (forsaken me) – א B Ψ 059 vg, syr^{s, p}, cop^{sa, bo, fay}, geo

ἐγκατέλειπές με – L 0112 565. 892.

με ἐγκατέλιπες (see Mt 27:46) – C P, X Δ Θ Π², ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 28. 700. 1010. 1071. 1079. 1195. 1216. 1230. 1241. 1242. 1253. 1344. 1365. 1546. 1646. 2148. 2174. Byz, Lect, it, goth

με ἐγκατέλειπες – A Π*

με ἐγκατέλειπας – K 1009. (ℓ 70)

με ἐγκατέλιπας – 33.

ὠνείδισάς με (insult me) – D it^{c, (i), k} sy^h

Mark 15:40[11]

Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου τοῦ μικροῦ καὶ Ἰωσῆτος μήτηρ, (Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses,) – ℵ^c2 B (ἡ Ἰωσῆτος) Δ Θ 0184 ƒ¹ 1542.^s* ℓ 844

Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Ἰακώβου τοῦ μικροῦ καὶ Ἰωσῆ μήτηρ, (Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses,) – A Γ 700. 1241. Byz

The end of Mark in Vaticanus

Mark 15:47[12]

Μαρία ἡ Ἰωσῆτος (Mary the mother of Joses) – ℵ^c2 B Δ Ψ^* 083 ƒ¹ sy^{p, h}

Μαρία Ἰωσῆ (Mary the mother of Joses) – 28. 205. 209. 273. 427. 579. 700. 732. 892. 1424. 1593. 2193.^c 2738. 2886. ℓ 60⁽¹⁾ ℓ 387⁽¹⁾ ℓ 950 Byz

1 Textual variants in Mark 16

Mark 16:8-20

Entire pericope omitted by א B 304

References

Metzger, Bruce; Ehrman, Bart (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019-516122-9.
Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154
Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113
"Mark 6:3 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
"Mark 10:1 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Westcott and Hort (1882), Introduction and AppendiX § 323.
codexsinaiticus.org Mark 14:30
"Mark 14:72 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
codexsinaiticus.org Mark 14:72
"Mark 15:40 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
"Mark 15:47 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[TNT-Metzger-1] Metzger, Bruce; Ehrman, Bart (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019-516122-9.

[2] Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)

[3] Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154

[4] Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

[Mark_6:3_text_analysis-5] "Mark 6:3 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.

[Mark_10:1_text_analysis-6] "Mark 10:1 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.

[Hort_1882_§_323-7] Westcott and Hort (1882), Introduction and AppendiX § 323.

[8] xsinaiticus.org Mark 14:30

[Mark_14:72_text_analysis-9] "Mark 14:72 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 October 2021.

[10] xsinaiticus.org Mark 14:72

[Mark_15:40_text_analysis-11] "Mark 15:40 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.

[Mark_15:47_text_analysis-12] "Mark 15:47 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.

Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark

Legend

Notable manuscripts

Textual variants

See also

References

Further reading

External links